Transient expression of protein tyrosine phosphatases encoded in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cotesia plutellae</Emphasis> bracovirus inhibits insect cellular immune responses

Several immunosuppressive factors are associated with parasitism of an endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia plutellae, on the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. C. plutellae bracovirus (CpBV) encodes a large number of putative protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), which may play a role in inhibiting host cellular immunity. To address this inhibitory hypothesis of CpBV-PTPs, we performed transient expression of individual CpBV-PTPs in hemocytes of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, and analyzed their cellular immune responses. Two different forms of CpBV-PTPs were chosen and cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector under the control of the p10 promoter of baculovirus: one with the normal cysteine active site (CpBV-PTP1) and the other with a mutated active site (CpBV-PTP5). The hemocytes transfected with CpBV-PTP1 significantly increased in PTP activity compared to control hemocytes, but those with CpBV-PTP5 exhibited a significant decrease in the PTP activity. All transfected hemocytes exhibited a significant reduction in both cell spreading and encapsulation activities compared to control hemocytes. Co-transfection of CpBV-PTP1 together with its double-stranded RNA reduced the messenger RNA (mRNA) level of CpBV-PTP1 and resulted in recovery of both hemocyte behaviors. This is the first report demonstrating that the polydnaviral PTPs can manipulate PTP activity of the hemocytes to interrupt cellular immune responses.     

碱性微波提取-ICP/MS法测定土壤中六价铬

采用碱性微波提取法处理土壤样品,用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP/MS）法测定试样中的六价铬,以标准物质测定相对误差的绝对值作为试验指标建立正交模型,确定碱性微波消解的提取温度95 ℃、提取时间30 min、氯化镁用量005 g、提取液体积6 mL为最佳试验条件,采用He碰撞池技术和在线内标分别消除基体带来的质谱和非质谱干扰。条件优化后,方法检出限为0.10 mg/kg,实际样品6次测定结果的RSD分别为13.0%和5.7%,加标回收率为120%和106%。将该方法用于有证标准土壤样品的测定,测定结果均在标准值范围内。     

炼油厂碱渣废水络合萃取法脱酚实验研究

实验选用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)-煤油溶液为萃取剂络合萃取碱渣废水中的酚,研究了不同萃取剂浓度、pH值、温度及萃取比条件下体系的萃取性能;采取NaOH溶液对萃取剂进行反萃再生,研究了碱液浓度、温度及反萃取比对萃取剂再生效果的影响;确定了萃取与反萃取的最佳操作条件。实验结果表明,TBP-煤油溶液可以有效脱除碱渣废水中的高浓度酚,是一种良好的工业萃取脱酚剂。     

碱性过硫酸钾法测定总氮的精密度偏性实验分析

通过碱性过硫酸钾法测定总氮的精密度偏性实验及其结果分析,提出测定总氮的过程中应注意功能室的环境要求及一些细小的分析细节,并提出相应的建议.     

Delignification of disposable wooden chopsticks waste for fermentative hydrogen production by an enriched culture from a hot spring

Hydrogen(H2) production from lignocellulosic materials may be enhanced by removing lignin and increasing the porosity of the material prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. Alkaline pretreatment conditions,used to delignify disposable wooden chopsticks(DWC) waste, were investigated. The effects of NaOH concentration, temperature and retention time were examined and it was found that retention time had no effect on lignin removal or carbohydrate released in enzymatic hydrolysate. The highest percentage of lignin removal(41%) was obtained with 2% NaOH at 100℃, correlated with the highest carbohydrate released(67 mg/gpretreated DWC) in the hydrolysate. An enriched culture from a hot spring was used as inoculum for fermentative H2 production, and its optimum initial pH and temperature were determined to be 7.0 and 50℃, respectively. Furthermore, enzymatic hydrolysate from pretreated DWC was successfully demonstrated as a substrate for fermentative H2 production by the enriched culture. The maximum H2 yield and production rate were achieved at 195 mL H2/g total sugarsconsumedand 116 mL H2/(L·day), respectively.     

碱性蚀刻废液处理方式的比较研究

碱性蚀刻废液是一种铜含量高、废液浓度较高的工业废水,对其回收利用具有较高的经济价值和环境效益。简要介绍、比较分析了碱性蚀刻废液实用的两种处理方式。在线方式可实现碱性蚀刻液再生和金属铜的回收,而线外方式可回收多种铜盐。从资源循环、环境效益角度分析,在线方式将具有广阔的应用前景。     

清淤底泥处置中添加粉煤灰/炉渣对重金属生物有效性及毒性的影响

在清淤底泥中添加碱性粉煤灰、燃煤炉渣进行钝化处理后,通过浸出毒性实验、重金属形态分级实验及植物生长实验对底泥基质中重金属的活性及生物有效性进行了研究.结果表明:清淤底泥中添加粉煤灰、燃煤炉渣等碱性物质后显著降低了底泥基质中可溶态重金属含量,其中,交换态、有机结合态Pb、Zn所占比例显著降低;碱性物质的加入缓解了重金属的浸出危害,钝化底泥基质中粉煤灰、炉渣对Cu的稳定率可达90.34%~96.88%;与此同时也抑制了底泥中重金属在植物体内的富集与迁移,降低了重金属的生物有效性.相关性分析表明,底泥基质中交换态重金属含量、浸出浓度、植物茎叶中重金属含量及植物根伸长抑制率之间存在显著正相关关系(p0.01).     

炼油碱渣预处理工程实践

炼油碱渣因其高浓度污染会对污水处理系统造成冲击.某炼油厂实行"清污分流、污污分治"的污水治理政策,对碱渣进行预处理以消减负荷.针对碱渣主要含可生化降解物质,采用两级生物催化作为主要预处理手段.工程实践表明,控制进水pH值为5-6和反应器DO > 2 mg /L,处理出水的COD、硫化物和挥发酚平均质量浓度分别为5347...     

盐胁迫下Dslhcb3和cao基因的表达及类囊体磷酸化状态转化

LHCⅡ在在类囊体膜中除了进行光能的吸收和传递之外,在维持类囊体膜的结构,调节激发光能在两个光系统之间的分配,光保护以及对各种环境的适应等过程中都起着重要的作用.为揭示盐藻LHCB在盐胁迫下的作用机制,以盐生杜氏藻(Dunaliella salina为材料,应用实时PCR的方法和蛋白电泳技术,研究lhcb3和叶绿素a加氧酶cao基因在低盐胁迫下的表达变化,以及盐藻类囊体膜的磷酸化水平和磷酯酶的变化.结果表明,在低盐环境下,lhcb3和cao基因的表达活性都呈降低的总趋势,这可能是盐藻适应不浓度盐环境胁迫的不反应.类囊体膜蛋白磷酸化水平先是降低,之后有所升高.时,发现磷酸酯酶有着相的变化趋势,并在12 h时最高.由此认为低盐条件下,类囊体膜蛋白在前期磷酸化水平的降低与磷酸酯酶活性降低有关,但在12 h后磷酸化水平有所升高,可能是细胞内平衡调节的结果,即磷酸激酶活性增强的结果.     

一株中度嗜盐淀粉酶产生菌的分离鉴定及酶活测定

为开发极端环境工业用酶,从新疆盐碱土微生物中分离得到一株中度嗜盐高产淀粉酶活性菌株H3,其能耐受30%盐浓度和pH 11的极端环境.通过形态特征、生理生化实验及16S rRNA基因序列分析,确定H3属于Gracilibacillus属.该菌株能在盐浓度为0~30%的培养基上生长,最适生长盐浓度为5%~10%,最适pH值为8.5.在最适生长盐浓度、pH条件下,其淀粉酶活性可达到4 830个活力单位,可用于高盐高碱环境下淀粉的水解.