磷和金属对荣成天鹅湖水体碱性磷酸酶活性和动力学性质的影响研究

磷酸酶催化水解有机磷是水体生物有效磷的重要补充途径.以天鹅湖富营养化水体为研究对象,研究了磷和金属对水体中碱性磷酸酶的活性(APA)和动力学性质的影响.结果表明:磷酸根(PO_4~(3-))、六偏磷酸根((PO_3)_6~(-6))、焦磷酸根(P_2O_7~(4-))、β-甘油磷酸根((C_3H_4O_6P)~(2-))在0.01～1 mmol·L~(-1)范围内对APA表现为抑制作用,并且抑制作用随浓度的升高而增强:浓度为1 mmol·L~(-1)时,与对照相比,水体中APA分别降低50.8%、55.8%、52.4%和14.4%.金属Al~(3+)、Co~(2+)、Pb~(2+)和Cr~(6+)对APA的激活作用随浓度增大而增强,浓度为1 mmol·L~(-1)时,水体APA分别是空白的2.8、3.1、2.3和2.7倍.重金属Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Ni~(2+)对水体中碱性磷酸酶表现出抑制作用,3种重金属中Cu~(2+)抑制作用最显著.当Cu~(2+)浓度为1 mmol·L~(-1)时,碱性磷酸酶相对活性仅为空白的62.3%.随着Cu~(2+)、PO_4~(3-)、(PO_3)_6~(-6)、P_2O_7~(4-)浓度增大,碱性磷酸酶的最大反应速率Vmax保持基本稳定,米氏常数Km增大,因此,它们对碱性磷酸酶的抑制为竞争性抑制类型.同时,V_(max)/K_m值随Cu~(2+)、PO_4~(3-)、(PO_3)_6~(-6)、P_2O_7~(4-)、(C_3H_4O_6P)~(2-)浓度的增大而降低,催化效率降低,说明V_(max)/K_m可作为水体磷酸酶催化能力的有效指标.总体而言,含磷基团和金属离子会显著影响富营养化水体APA,将间接影响水体有机磷的转化和供磷效率.     

高浓度废水处理技术在柴油碱渣处理中的应用

炼厂柴油碱渣废水中含有成分复杂的酚及硫化物,因而其浓度较高。大港石化公司运用高浓度废水处理技术进行生物前期处理,其装置试运及柴油碱渣标定应用表明该技术先进。在生物处理过程中,工艺系统运行安全可靠,各项技术指标都达到或超过设计目标。其中,CODCr由处理前的34744mg/L降低到370mg/L,氨氮控制在50mg/L以下。高浓度废水处理技术流程简单,对周边环境无污染。     

蒸汽锅炉烟气脱硫的简便方法

简要介绍了工业锅炉房利用锅炉水中的碱性物质除去烟气中SO2 的经济方法。     

Microvillar enzyme analysis in amniotic fluid and the prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis

The activities of two microvillar enzymes, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) have been determined in amniotic fluid (AF) samples from 39 pregnancies with a 1-in-4 risk of cystic fibrosis. Seventeen of these were investigated prospectively. A reduced proportion of the fetal specific intestinal ALP isoenzyme was found in 7 of a total of 13 pregnancies with cystic fibrosis and in one pregnancy of confirmed normal outcome. Eight of the affected pregnancies were tested for AF GGTP activity and depressed levels were found in 15. None of the 3 liveborn cystic fibrosis cases in the prospective series was identified by the ALP assay although 2 had significantly reduced GGTP activity. There were several amniotic fluid samples from cases of cystic fibrosis, trisomy 18 and normal outcome which had discordant GGTP and ALP results. Four of the 6 cases of cystic fibrosis misclassified by the ALP assay had amniocentesis at 15 or 16 weeks gestation. Evidence is presented which confirms a previous suggestion that amniocentesis after 17 weeks gestation improves the predictability of the ALP isoenzyme assay for the prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.     

Amniotic fluid digestive enzymes: Diagnostic value in fetal gastrointestinal obstructions

The diagnostic value of amniotic fluid gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGTP) and intestinal alkaline phos-phatase (iALP) was evaluated in 55 patients who underwent amniocentesis for karyotyping because fetal gastric or small bowel dilatation had been detected by ultrasound. Gastrointestinal malformation was confirmed in 46 cases and there was no gastrointestinal anomaly in nine cases. Prenatal ultrasound was suggestive of gastroduodenal dilatation in 34 cases (group I) and small bowel dilatation in 21 cases (group II). In group I, amniotic fluid GGTP above the 99th percentile was 71 per cent sensitive and 100 per cent specific for a true anatomical defect of the digestive tract (mainly duodenal atresia). In group II, high levels of GGTP and/or iALP were 69 per cent sensitive and 83 per cent specific for a fetal digestive tract anomaly. In other words, when digestive tract dilatations were diagnosed by prenatal sonography, abnormal amniotic fluid enzyme activities were strongly suggestive of such an anomaly, the possibility of which was not precluded by normal amniotic fluid iALP and GGTP activities. But amniotic fluid digestive enzyme activities do not help in defining the prognosis.     

碱性溶液的脱硫量

在２５℃下实验测定了不同初始ｐＨ值的氢氧化钠和氢氧化钙溶液的脱硫量随ｐＨ值的变化关系；推导出了氢氧化钠和氢氧化钙溶液的脱硫量计算公式。在２５℃下由公式计算出的脱硫量与实验结果基本一致（最大绝对误差小于１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）     

Preparation1 and utilization of wheat straw anionic sorbent for the removal of nitrate from aqueous solution

In order to reduce the impact of eutrophication caused by agricultural residues (i.e. excess nitrate) in aqueous solution, economic and effective anionic sorbents are required. In this article, we prepared anionic sorbent using wheat straw. Its structural characteristics and adsorption properties for nitrate removal from aqueous solution were investigated. The results indicate that the yield of the prepared anionic sorbent, the total exchange capacity, and the maximum adsorption capacity were 350%, 2.57 mEq/g, and 2.08 mmol/g, respectively. The Freundlich isotherm mode is more suitable than the Langmuir mode and the adsorption process accords with the first order reaction kinetic rate equation. When multiple anions (SO42-, H2PO4-, NO3-, and NO2-) were present, the isotherm mode of prepared anionic sorbent for nitrate was consistent with Freundlich mode; however, the capacity of nitrate adsorption was reduced by 50%. In alkaline solutions, about 90% of adsorbed nitrate ions could be desorbed from prepared anionic sorbent. The results of this study confirmed that the wheat straw anionic sorbent can be used as an excellent nitrate sorbent that removes nitrate from aqueous solutions.     

滇西地区上地幔铅同位素组成的确定及其应用

滇西地区基性 超基性岩、碱性岩中的长石、石榴子石、橄榄石等单矿物及羊拉铜矿区二叠世海相玄武岩的铅同位素组成可以代表原始地幔的铅同位素组成 ,由此确定的该区上地幔铅同位素组成变化范围为　2 0 6Pb/2 0 4Pb =1 7.877～1 8.5 0 6,平均 1 8.1 0 8,2 0 7Pb/2 0 4Pb=1 5 .470～1 5 .5 87,平均 1 5 .479,2 0 8Pb/2 0 4Pb=3 7.797～ 3 8.5 67,平均 3 8.1 77。研究发现 ,由于受地壳物质的混染和成岩后U、Th衰变产生的放射成因铅的影响 ,这些幔源岩石全岩铅同位素组成已不能代表原始上地幔的铅同位素组成 ;金顶铅锌矿床的铅并非上地幔来源 ,而是相当于下地壳来源的铅与兰坪盆地沉积岩铅二者的混合铅。     

炼油厂碱渣的治理与综合利用

从武汉石化厂碱渣来源分析碱渣污染物特征和游离碱浓度，概述并浅析目前国内碱渣处理工艺，重点介绍我厂减渣治理中源头控制，分质处理，二次利用的环保效益和经济效益并重的工作思路及碱渣治理的实践。     

空气氧化法处理碱渣的有关问题探讨

炼油厂生产过程中产生的废碱液 ,含有浓度很高的硫化钠 ,硫醇钠等恶臭物质 ,在中和废碱液前需对其进行处理。可采用低压空气氧化法使废碱液中的S2 - 、SR- 转变为S2 O2 - 3 、RSSR。该过程能否成功操作取决于温度、压力和空气与水的接触 ,尤其是空气与水的传质速度将会较大的影响硫化物的氧化去除速率和空气中氧气的利用率