Effect of sulfate on the methanogenic activity of a bacterial culture from a brewery wastewater during glucose degradation

The maximum specific methanogenic activity （SMA） of a sludge originating from a brewery wastewater treatment plant on the degradation of glucose was investigated at various levels of sulfate on a specific loading basis. Batch experiments were conducted in serum bottles at pH 7 and 35℃. A comparison of the values indicates that the SMA of this mixed culture was increased and reached its highest level of 0.128 g CH4 gas COD/（g VSS.d） when biomass was in contact with sulfate at a ratio of 1：0.114 by weight.     

ABR处理硫酸盐有机废水的相分离特性研究

为了考察厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)处理含硫酸盐有机废水的相分离特性,采用有效容积为32L的五隔室ABR,通过为期132d的启动试验,研究了启动运行过程中各隔室COD和SO24-降解情况、VFA和S2-分布规律及颗粒污泥微生物相变化状况.结果表明,采用低负荷低增幅方式启动,在132d内成功启动ABR并达到稳定,COD和SO24-的负荷分别由1.5kg·(m3·d)-1逐渐提高到3.3kg·(m3·d-1)和由0.07kg·(m3·d-1)逐渐提高到0.18kg·(m3·d-1),COD和SO24-的去除率分别为95%和85%左右.各隔室COD沿程呈递减趋势,其去除主要由第1、4、5隔室完成,SO42-的去除主要由前面三隔室承担,前面三隔室的VFA和S2-浓度较高,到最后两隔室则急剧降低;随负荷的增加,承担COD及SO42-主要去除作用的隔室后移,前面三隔室的VFA和S2-最高点及最后两隔室的VFA和S2-的急剧降低位置也后移;各隔室的微生物经长期运行驯化后表现出良好的种群配合和高度的特异性,具有明显的产酸相与产甲烷相、硫酸盐还原相与硫单质生成相的分离特征.     

垃圾渗滤液的膜生物反应器与传统生物工艺述评

采用文献调研法比较评价了膜生物反应器与传统生物工艺对垃圾渗滤液的处理效果。结果表明,渗滤液的水质特征(主要指COD)主要由渗滤液年龄决定,B/C值和渗滤液年龄对COD去除有重要影响。传统生物处理常采用多级组合工艺,渗滤液特性、工艺单元数、水力停留时间和有机负荷率等是影响COD去除的重要参数。近年来,MBR工艺的应用日益广泛,对于B/C值较低的老龄渗滤液,MBR工艺可获得更好的COD去除效果,也有利于废水的膜深度处理。     

A~2/O工艺厌氧池有机物降解动力学模型对比研究

试验考察了东阿县污水处理厂一期A2/O工艺厌氧池去除有机污染物效能,当进水ρ(COD)为548.3 mg/L时,厌氧池平均去除率达78.7%。同时探讨了几种常见数学模型模拟厌氧池去除有机物规律情况,根据实际工程监测数据确定有机底物降解动力学常数,得出Grau模型、Stover-kincannon模型和改进的Monod模型较适合模拟厌氧池去除有机物的规律,并对模型进行了检验。     

酸化液对厌氧释磷好氧吸磷速率的影响研究

采用序批式试验研究了酸化液对聚磷菌厌氧释磷好氧吸磷速率的影响。同一活性污泥混合液中聚磷菌的释磷潜力相当,混合液中挥发性脂肪酸越多则越有利于激发聚磷菌的释磷潜能。酸化液投加量越大,对应的混合液中聚磷菌的平均释磷速率也越大。当酸化液投加量为30 mg/L(以TOC计)时,聚磷菌的平均释磷速率达0.137 mg/(mg.d),是未投加酸化液工况的3.26倍。聚磷菌厌氧释磷过程中,活性污泥的MLVSS值逐渐增大,而MLSS值却不断减小,这是由聚磷菌释磷反应过程中聚磷颗粒和糖原的消耗,以及PHB的生成而产生的。碳源充足与否,对聚磷菌的平均好氧吸磷速率影响不大,研究各工况中,聚磷菌的平均吸磷速率在0.129~0.160 mg/(mg.d)内。碳源越充足,则聚磷菌在好氧吸磷反应持续的时间越长,因此,具有更强的超量吸磷能力。酸化液投加量为20 mg/L时(以TOC计),聚磷菌在好氧吸磷结束时,出水的SP浓度能减少到0.5 mg/L以下。     

Enhancement of thermophilic anaerobic digestion of thickened waste activated sludge by combined microwave and alkaline pretreatment

Pretreatment of thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) by combined microwave and alkaline pretreatment (MAP) was studied to improve thermophilic anaerobic digestion efficiency. Uniform design was applied to determine the combination of target temperature (110–210°C), microwave holding time (1–51 min), and NaOH dose (0–2.5 g NaOH/g suspended solids (SS)) in terms of their effect on volatile suspended solids (VSS) solubilization. Maximum solubilization ratio (85.1%) of VSS was observed at 210°C with 0.2 g-NaOH/g-SS and 35 min holding time. The effects of 12 different pretreatment methods were investigated in 28 thermophilic batch reactors by monitoring cumulative methane production (CMP). Improvements in methane production in the TWAS were directly related to the microwave and alkaline pretreatment of the sludge. The highest CMP was a 27% improvement over the control. In spite of the increase in soluble chemical oxygen demand concentration and the decrease in dewaterability of digested sludge, a semi-continuous thermophilic reactor fed with pretreated TWAS without neutralization (at 170°C with 1 min holding time and 0.05 g NaOH/g SS) was stable and functioned well, with volatile solid (VS) and total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) reductions of 28% and 18%, respectively, which were higher than those of the control system. Additionally, methane yields (L@STP/g-CODadded, at standard temperature and pressure (STP) conditions of 0°C and 101.325 kPa) and (L@STP/g VSadded) increased by 17% and 13%, respectively, compared to the control reactor.     

Effect of anaerobic digestion on the high rate of nitritation, treating piggery wastewater

Laboratory reactors were operated by using piggery wastewater and the effluent of anaerobic digester from piggery wastewater plants to study the effect of anaerobic digestion on nitritation rate.     

控制游离氨实现单级自养生物脱氮的研究

通过实时调控SBR反应器内的游离氮浓度的控制策略,实现以亚硝化作用和厌氧氨氧化作用协同的单级自养生物脱氮工艺.实验分成亚硝酸菌富集和厌氧氨氧化菌混合接种2个阶段,SBR内的温度始终保持在(31±2)℃.亚硝酸菌富集阶段,pH值稳定在7.8左右,通过调节进水氩氮浓度(56～446 mg·L-1)实现FA浓度的变化,从而实...     

果蔬废弃物两相厌氧消化特征研究

厌氧消化在处理果蔬废弃物具有较高的处理效率,同时可获得甲烷等能源气体,具有很大的技术优势和广阔的应用前景。本文通过研究两相厌氧系统启动及试运行,深入分析了该系统处理果蔬废弃物的消化特征。酸化初期,苹果和白菜两种底物在酸化过程中均降解迅速。约10d即可分解70％80％的还原糖;当系统运行40d后,pH稳定在7．5左右,反应器已形成较好的缓冲体系：氧化还原电位稳定于-460--540mV之间。适宜产甲烷阶段的进行。挥发性脂肪酸的分析表明,果蔬废弃物置于循环反应体系中。仍有一段时间的酸化过程。该过程中丁酸由2000mg／L增加至2600mg／L,戊酸由600mg／L增加至1300mg／L。乙酸含量基本稳定在1000mg／L左右,丙酸含量略有提高,由450mg／L增加至600mg／L。此阶段发酵类型为丁酸型发酵．各挥发酸所占比例由高到低依次为丁酸、戊酸、乙酸和丙酸,所占比例分别为45％、23％、20％和10％。     

共存氯苯类同系物对六氯苯厌氧降解活性的影响

微生物厌氧降解六氯苯已经成为国内外六氯苯污染土壤修复技术研发的前沿和热点.研究了在不同的初始pH值、反应温度及固液比等环境条件下,3种共存氯苯类同系物五氯苯、1,2,4,5-四氯苯、1,2,4-三氯苯对染料厂污染土壤中六氯苯厌氧降解活性的影响.结果表明,在降解过程中,共存氯苯类同系物的累积对六氯苯的厌氧降解产生了反馈抑制作用,影响了六氯苯的降解活性,且在不同的环境条件下,累积规律不同,反馈抑制作用不同.反应的初始pH值较低时,五氯苯的的反馈抑制作用更突出,反应的初始pH值较高时,1,2,4-三氯苯的反馈抑制作用更突出;常温下,五氯苯的反馈抑制作用更突出,较高温度下,1,2,4-三氯苯的反馈抑制作用更突出;固液比越小,五氯苯的反馈抑制作用越突出.因此,针对性地采取提高低氯苯类同系物降解活性的措施,降低共存低氯苯类同系物在六氯苯厌氧降解过程中的累积,不失为提高污染土壤中六氯苯降解率的一种好的选择.