污水污泥低温热解处理技术研究

污水污泥低温热解是一种发展中的能量回收型污泥热化学处理技术。本研究对此过程进行了间歇实验研究,取得了最高能量回收率时的反应条件。以此为基础并结合文献数据,讨论了过程的能量平衡影响因素和经济估算问题。结果表明,最优反应条件为：反应温度270℃,停留时间30min;全过程能量平衡主要受脱水泥饼含水率影响,临界含水率78%;过程处理成本低于焚烧法。     

某些剧毒有机废料在高温至超临界水中的处理实验

为了探索毒害有机废料的处理条件和反应机制,用二氨基乙二肟,氨基氰和蜜胺作初始试料,在温度１５０－４００℃,压力１００－７００×１０＾５Ｐａ的条件下进行了水热实验研究,部分密胺实验还添加了Ｈ２Ｏ２,实验结构表明,在水热条件下,尤其在超临界水中,二氨基乙二肟和氨基氰既可以通过热解作用而聚合成较高分子量的氮杂环混合物,进而水解转化成ＣＯ２和ＮＨ３,也可以直接发生水解作用,生成ＣＯ２和ＮＨ３,添加氧化剂可     

聚烯烃类废塑料热分解技术中催化剂的选择和机理初探

研究使用不同催化剂情况下聚烯烃类废塑料热分解回收燃油的技术,并对废塑料的热分解机理进行了探讨．结果表明,自制的含大孔径分子筛的ＮＬＧ系列催化剂具有较好的催化性能,在裂解温度４３０℃,催化温度为３６０℃情况下,热分解后油产率为８７．５％,油品中汽油馏分达４１．３％,辛烷值为８８．３,每ｔ生产成本仅１２０００元左右,循环使用２０５余次后,仍保持良好的催化性能．     

不同类型降解地膜的热解特性及热动力学研究

采用差热分析 (DTA)法分析 1种普通地膜和 3种可降解地膜的组成 ,并对地膜的热解过程进行热动力学研究 .结果表明 ,4种地膜的差热曲线有许多相似 ,但也略有差异 ,说明降解膜与普通膜的基本组分相同 ,而添加组分不同 .各地膜热解的反应级数约为 0 93.各地膜热解活化能和指前因子的大小顺序均为 :普通膜 >光降解膜 >光钙型降解膜 >生物降解膜 .     

生活垃圾热解产物中含氧物质的分布规律

采用热重分析、固定床实验、红外分析(FT-IR)研究了生活垃圾热解行为及产物中含氧物质的分布规律。用热重分析确定了生活垃圾主要失重区间(190~450℃),并计算此温度区间热解活化能为42.76 k J/mol。在热解终温为450~650℃条件下进行生活垃圾固定床热解实验,结果表明:随热解终温的增加,固体产物中氧分布率逐渐减小(39.2%~29.3%);热解气中氧分布率逐渐增加(22.1%~30.9%);热解液中氧分布率在40%左右。生活垃圾热解气中含氧成分主要是CO和CO2,在温度为450~650℃时,CO含量明显高于CO2,而CO2的释放速率则大于CO;固体产物中含氧官能团主要有—OH和C—O,其中峰面积比例顺序为C—O>—OH;热解液中含氧官能团主要有—OH、C O和C—O,其峰面积的比例顺序为—OH>C—O>C O。     

有机固体废弃物热解生产脱水内醚糖的研究

以有机固体废弃物 (废棉絮、废纸 )为原料 ,在管式炉热解反应器热解生产脱水内醚糖。研究了热解温度对热解产物相态分布的影响。同时 ,利用HPLC对脱水内醚糖的产量进行了测定。HPLC分析结果表明 :热解液水相中主要化学物质是乙酸 ,而非水相中主要化学物质是脱水内醚糖     

Identification and characterization of extracted microplastics from agricultural soil near industrial area: FTIR and X-ray diffraction method

Microplastics have been found in large quantities in agricultural soil and now become a major global issue. Different types of microplastic have adverse effects on agricultural soil. The most widely used method for the extraction of microplastics in agricultural soil is the density floatation method by using saturated NaCl solution. This method includes the pre-digestion of soil samples with H₂O₂ to remove all the organic matter present in the soil. Different types of microplastic particles were extracted and identified by using ATR-FTIR viz polypropylene, polybutylene tetrapthalate, polyethylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene tetrapthalate. The crystalline nature of extracted microplastic was checked by employing XRD analytical technique. Floatation with higher density saturated sodium chloride (NaCl) solution recovered approximately 80% MPs from soil. Floatation methods were found to be effective for extracting microplastics from soils.     

Integrating channel design and assessment methods based on sediment transport capacity in gravel bed streams

Natural channel design (NCD) and analytical channel design (ACD) are two competing approaches to stable channel design that share fundamental similarities in accounting for sediment transport processes with designs based on hybrid fluvial geomorphology and hydraulic engineering methods. In this paper, we highlight the linkage between ACD's capacity/supply ratio (CSR) and NCD's sediment capacity models (FLOWSED/POWERSED), illustrating how ACD and NCD have reached a point of convergent evolution within the stream restoration toolbox. We modified an existing CSR analytical spreadsheet tool which enabled us to predict relative channel stability using both conventional bed load transport equations and regional sediment regression curves. The stable channel design solutions based on measured data most closely matched the Parker (ACD) and/or Pagosa good/fair (NCD) relationships, which also showed the greatest CSR sensitivity in response to channel alterations. We found that CSR differences among the transport relationships became more extreme the further the design width deviated from the supply reach, suggesting that a stable upstream supply reach may serve as the best design analog. With this paper, we take a step toward resolving lingering controversy in the field of stream restoration, advancing the science and practice by reconciling key differences between ACD and NCD in the context of reach scale morphodynamics.     

快速分析技术在煤质检测中的应用及发展

煤质检测关系到电站燃煤锅炉的稳定安全运行.综述了几种快速分析技术在煤质检测中的应用及原理,并对今后我国在该技术领域的发展提出了建议.     

我国废塑料油化技术的应用现状与前景

介绍了我国废塑料油化技术的现状,对废塑料的热解法、热解－催化改质法、催化热解法3种基本方法进行了经济技术评价,对建立废塑料油化工厂的原料收集体系及运输距离、建厂规模、生产过程中存在的二次污染问题进行了分析,探讨了控制污染的方案,对制定相关的政策和法律提出了建议,探讨了具有我国特色的废塑料油化技术发展及应用之路。