Kinetics of phenol and m-cresol biodegradation by an indigenous mixed microbial culture isolated from a sewage treatment plant

An acclimatized mixed microbial culture, predominantly Pseudomonas sp., was enriched from a sewage treatment plant, and its potential to simultaneously degrade mixtures of phenol and m-cresol was investigated during its growth in batch shake flasks. A 2² full factorial design with the two substrates at two different levels and different initial concentration ranges (low and high), was employed to carry out the biodegradation experiments. The substrates phenol and m-cresol were completely utilized within 21 h when present at low concentrations of 100 mg/L for each, and at high concentration of 600 mg/L for each, a maximum time of 187 h was observed for their removal. The biodegradation results also showed that the presence of phenol in low concentration range (100–300 mg/L) did not inhibit m-cresol biodegradation. Whereas the presence of m-cresol inhibited phenol biodegradation by the culture. Moreover, irrespective of the concentrations used, phenol was degraded preferentially and earlier than m-cresol. A sum kinetics model was used to describe the variation in the substrate specific degradation rates, which gave a high coefficient of determination value (R² > 0.98) at the low concentration range of the substrates. From the estimated interaction parameter values obtained from this model, the inhibitory effect of phenol on m-cresol degradation by the culture was found to be more pronounced compared to that of m-cresol on phenol. This study showed a good potential of the indigenous mixed culture in degrading mixed substrate of phenolics.     

Kinetics of phenol and m-cresol biodegradation by an indigenous mixed microbial culture isolated from a sewage treatment plant

An acclimatized mixed microbial culture, predominantly Pseudomonas sp., was enriched from a sewage treatment plant, and its potential to simultaneously degrade mixtures of phenol and m-cresol was investigated during its growth in batch shake flasks. A 22 full factorial design with the two substrates at two di erent levels and di erent initial concentration ranges (low and high), was employed to carry out the biodegradation experiments. The substrates phenol and m-cresol were completely utilized within 21 h when present at low concentrations of 100 mg/L for each, and at high concentration of 600 mg/L for each, a maximum time of 187 h was observed for their removal. The biodegradation results also showed that the presence of phenol in low concentration range (100–300 mg/L) did not inhibit m-cresol biodegradation. Whereas the presence of m-cresol inhibited phenol biodegradation by the culture. Moreover, irrespective of the concentrations used, phenol was degraded preferentially and earlier than m-cresol. A sum kinetics model was used to describe the variation in the substrate specific degradation rates, which gave a high coe cient of determination value (R2 > 0.98) at the low concentration range of the substrates. From the estimated interaction parameter values obtained from this model, the inhibitory e ect of phenol on m-cresol degradation by the culture was found to be more pronounced compared to that of m-cresol on phenol. This study showed a good potential of the indigenous mixed culture in degrading mixed substrate of phenolics.     

Degradation behaviors of nonylphenol ethoxylates by isolated bacteria using improved isolation method

Nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO)-degrading bacteria were isolated from activated sludge using an improved isolation method, and the corresponding degradation behaviours were investigated. Eight NPEO-degrading strains distributed in genera Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Sphingobium, Cupriavidus, Ralstonia, Achromobacter, and Staphylococcus were acquired. The latter five genera have never been reported for the degradation of NPEOs. Four degradation patterns were observed for the eight pure strains. In pattern A, NPE...     

氯代有机物生物降解研究进展

综述了氯代有机物的降解机理、降解影响的因素和目前国内外研究较为活跃的几种生物降解新技术:化学、物理与生物联合处理技术、利用共代谢降解氯代有机物、基因工程菌技术、细胞固定化技术和膜生物反应器处理技术的研究进展,并提出了今后值得关注的几个方向。     

废气降解菌分离及其与影响因素函数关系研究

文章介绍了一株芳香族废气降解菌的筛选过程,以及应用于生物反应器时各因素对甲苯降解的影响。塔式生物滤池是一种高效的废气净化装置,但其对污染物的降解性能受菌种性能、气体流量、液体流量、污染物性质及其量、pH值等条件的共同影响,重点研究了各种影响因素对芳香族废气降解的影响。     

苯乙烯生物滴滤塔生物膜填料的细菌数量分布

采用培养驯化污泥菌种、陶粒、循环液装置等构建三个生物滴滤塔。测定不同苯乙烯负荷生物滴滤塔装置不同高度生物膜填料的细菌数量分布,认识苯乙烯浓度对填料细菌数量分布的影响。结果表明,生物膜填料柱细菌数量分布依赖于入口气体苯乙烯浓度和停留时间,在低入口气体苯乙烯浓度(Cin<500mg/m3)时细菌数在柱子底部达到最大值而沿柱子自下而上逐渐降低,受气体停留时间的影响不大;当入口气体苯乙烯浓度Cin=800mg/m3时细菌数在整个柱子上的分布变得相对均匀;而当入口气体苯乙烯浓度超过阈限值Cin=1200mg/m3时细菌分布行为出现了和Cin<500mg/m3时相反的情况,细菌数在柱子顶部达到最大值而沿柱子自上而下逐渐降低。     

石油污染土壤的生物通风修复

生物通风法作为物理处理方法与生物处理方法相结合的一种土壤原位修复方法,对于修复石油污染土壤的土层功能,维护土壤生态环境等具有较大的应用前景。概述了生物通风修复方法的设计、优越性、影响生物通风修复效果的因素以及强化生物通风的手段,针对目前生物通风技术在国内外的研究进展,提出需要在现场应用研究以及描述生物通风过程的数学模型方面作进一步研究。     

慢性铝暴露致大鼠骨与软骨损伤胶原途径的动态分析

为了探讨慢性铝暴露致大鼠骨与软骨损伤胶原途径的机制及胶原代谢水平,实验将100只4周龄清洁级Wistar大鼠随机均分成染铝组(430mg·L-1Al3+)与对照组(蒸馏水),通过饮水染铝,每隔30d处死染铝大鼠和对照大鼠各10只,设立5个观测点,最长染铝时间为150d.同时,用电子秤每30d称大鼠体重1次;用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定血清、骨与软骨中铝含量;用固相夹心ELISA法检测血清中Ⅰ型前胶原羧基末端前肽(PICP)、Ⅰ型胶原C末端肽(CTX-Ⅰ)、Ⅱ型胶原(collagenⅡ)和Ⅱ型胶原C末端肽(CTX-Ⅱ)含量.结果表明,大鼠铝中毒模型复制成功;随着铝暴露时间的延长,染铝组大鼠体重在染铝60d后显著低于对照组(p0.01);染铝组血清、骨与软骨中铝含量逐渐升高,显著高于对照组(p0.01);PICP、Ⅱ型胶原合成量呈逐渐下降趋势,且显著低于对照组(p0.05,p0.01);CTX-Ⅰ和CTX-Ⅱ含量持续维持在高水平,分别在铝暴露90d、60d后显著高于对照组(p0.01).说明长时间铝暴露可致铝在骨与软骨中蓄积,并使骨与软骨中结构性胶原减少,引发骨与软骨损伤.     

华北半干旱区2个农业流域地表氮素流失特征的对比研究

在2004和2005年2个水文年期间,通过野外降雨径流监测和室内分析,对位于华北半干旱地区天津市重要饮用水水源地于桥水库周边2个典型农业小流域地表径流氮素流失特征进行了对比研究.结果表明,2个农业小流域全年氮输出主要集 中在6-9月;试验期间桃花寺流域41%的地表径流和52%的总氮负荷发生在2次>60 mm降雨中,曹各庄流域输出地表径 流和总氮负荷较均匀地分布于不同降雨类型的降雨事件中;桃花寺流域和曹各庄流域地表径流氮素输出发生的最小降雨量 分别约为20 mm和10 mm;曹各庄流域和桃花寺流域年均径流系数分别为0.013 2和0.001 6,前者为后者的8.3倍;曹各庄流域 年均总氮输出量是1.048 kg·(hm2·a)-1,桃花寺流域年均总氮输出量是0.158 kg·(hm2·a)-1,前者是后者的6.6倍.2个农业流 域内的微地形地貌、景观格局和迁移廊道性质的不同是造成流域氮素流失特征差异的主要原因:受长期人为活动干扰形成的 复杂地形地貌结构降低了流域的降雨一产流能力;桃花寺流域地表径流氮素主要污染源(村庄)离受纳水体的距离约为 1 500 m,而曹各庄流域此距离约为200 m,较短的迁移距离增加氮素迁移到受纳水体的风险;曹各庄流域道路型的传输廊道可 以很快地将地表径流氮素迁移到受纳水体,而桃花寺流域地表径流氮素则可以在传输廊道中被小石坝、植被过滤带和干塘等 "汇"型结构所持留.     

两级水解酸化技术预处理制药废水的试验研究

采用两级水解酸化反应器,针对制药废水的特点,重点对水力停留时间、挥发性脂肪酸产量、水解酸化率、废水生物降解性能的改善、污染物的去除转化和剩余污泥稳定性等因素进行了研究。