An antifouling catechol/chitosan-modified polyvinylidene fluoride membrane for sustainable oil-in-water emulsions separation

• Underwater superoleophobic membrane was fabricated by deposition of catechol/chitosan. • The membrane had ultrahigh pure water flux and was stable under harsh pH conditions. • The membrane exhibited remarkable antifouling property in O/W emulsion separation. • The hydration layer on the membrane surface prevented oil droplets adhesion. Low-pressure membrane filtrations are considered as effective technologies for sustainable oil/water separation. However, conventional membranes usually suffer from severe pore clogging and surface fouling, and thus, novel membranes with superior wettability and antifouling features are urgently required. Herein, we report a facile green approach for the development of an underwater superoleophobic microfiltration membrane via one-step oxidant-induced ultrafast co-deposition of naturally available catechol/chitosan on a porous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) substrate. Membrane morphology and surface chemistry were studied using a series of characterization techniques. The as-prepared membrane retained the original pore structure due to the ultrathin and uniform catechol/chitosan coating. It exhibited ultrahigh pure water permeability and robust chemical stability under harsh pH conditions. Moreover, the catechol/chitosan hydrophilic coating on the membrane surface acting as an energetic barrier for oil droplets could minimize oil adhesion on the surface, which endowed the membrane with remarkable antifouling property and reusability in a cyclic oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion separation. The modified membrane exhibited a competitive flux of ~428 L/(m²·h·bar) after three filtration cycles, which was 70% higher than that of the pristine PVDF membrane. These results suggest that the novel underwater superoleophobic membrane can potentially be used for sustainable O/W emulsions separation, and the proposed green facile modification approach can also be applied to other water-remediation materials considering its low cost and simplicity.     

盐酸和硝酸介质中己二胺接枝壳聚糖微球吸附Hg(Ⅱ)的行为

制备并表征了氯化和氨化壳聚糖微球,考察了己二胺接枝壳聚糖微球(HDA-CS)在盐酸和硝酸介质中吸附Hg(Ⅱ)的行为及影响因素。结果表明,盐酸介质中,pH 3.0时,HDA-CS对Hg(Ⅱ)有较高的初始吸附速率,最大吸附容量为128.6 mg/g;硝酸介质中,pH 3.5时,它对Hg(Ⅱ)的最大吸附容量为37.7 mg/g。前者是后者的3.4倍。以1.0 mol/L的H2SO4为解吸剂,HDA-CS复用3次无溶解和流失现象。HDA-CS对Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附主要是质子化氨基与汞配阴离子以静电引力实现的。     

壳聚糖吸附剂脱除燃煤模拟烟气中汞的试验研究

采用在线检测法检测了纯氮气气氛下及模拟烟气气氛下高分子化合物壳聚糖吸附剂对单质汞的吸附特性,结果表明,温度升高有利于脱汞反应的进行,纯氮气氛下脱除汞单质效率不高,60℃时为28.85%, 120℃时升为38.46%;氮氧化物、硫氧化物对汞的脱除有一定的促进作用,在模拟烟气气氛下120℃时吸附剂出口平衡吸附率为48.05%,平均吸附率约68%.红外光谱分析揭示了壳聚糖吸附剂吸附烟气中汞的机理为2个游离氨基与2个羟基鳌合1个汞原子或汞离子.     

壳聚糖对菠菜中毒死蜱和乐果的降解作用（Effects of Spraying Chitosan on Degradation of Chlorpyrifos and Dimethoate Residues in Spinach）

在露地栽培条件下,研究了叶面喷施壳聚糖水溶液对菠菜中毒死蜱和乐果的降解作用.结果表明,叶面喷施不同浓度的壳聚糖(50、100、200、400mg·L-1)可有效降低菠菜中毒死蜱和乐果残留量,其中较低浓度壳聚糖能更有效地降低菠菜中毒死蜱、乐果的残留量.50mg·L-1壳聚糖使菠菜中毒死蜱残留量较对照降低40.2%,安全间隔期缩短2.07d;100mg·L-1壳聚糖使菠菜中乐果残留量较对照降低46.9%,安全间隔期缩短0.5d.壳聚糖作为一种有机磷农药降解剂应用于蔬菜生产是可行的.     

六价铬在具有渗透性反应墙的渗流槽中迁移实验研究

地下水中六价铬的污染修复是目前地下水污染修复研究的热点课题之一。以室内模拟为基础,进行了六价铬[Cr（Ⅵ）]随水流迁移的渗流槽实验,以及利用课题组研发的新型壳聚糖材料填充渗透性反应墙（PRB）,进行六价铬吸附试验研究。结果表明：在重金属迁移实验中,地下水的流速是影响Cr（Ⅵ）在含水层中迁移的主要因素,含水层介质的变化都会对Cr（Ⅵ）的迁移发生重要的影响。实验过程中,从进水口到出水口各个取样点依次出现Cr（Ⅵ）的质量浓度峰值,并且随着时间的延长,质量浓度峰值没有减少的趋势,证明了Cr（Ⅵ）在含水介质中基本上没有吸附。Cr（Ⅵ）的质量浓度峰值在含水介质中的持续时间不长,由于弥散作用造成了在相当长的时间内的较明显的拖尾现象。模拟渗透性反应墙的实验中,在同样的流速条件下,Cr（Ⅵ）的质量浓度峰值的出现时间相对先前的实验有明显滞后,并且质量浓度也有明显的减少,说明新型壳聚糖材料对Cr（Ⅵ）有较高的吸附作用,再达到质量浓度的峰值后,墙体后面的采样口中Cr（Ⅵ）的质量浓度减少的更为平缓,说明随着水流的流动,吸附在壳聚糖材料上的Cr（Ⅵ）有缓慢的析出。     

聚合氯化铝-壳聚糖复合絮凝剂的合成及在蓝藻沼液预处理中的应用

以聚合氯化铝(PACl)和壳聚糖(CTS)为主要原料合成了聚合氯化铝-壳聚糖(PACl-CTS)复合絮凝剂,考察了PACl与CTS的质量比、反应温度、反应液pH和反应时间等因素对PACl-CTS絮凝性能的影响,优化出PACl-CTS合成最佳工艺条件为:温度控制在70℃,m(PACl)∶m(CTS)=4∶1,反应时间1 h,pH值为4.通过红外图谱(IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对PACl-CTS的微观结构进行了表征,表明PACl以一定的晶体结构镶嵌在CTS中,PACl和CTS之间存在一定的相互作用,而不是简单的复配.将合成的PACl-CTS应用于蓝藻沼液废水处理,结果表明,PACl-CTS对浊度、COD、TP具有良好的絮凝性能,当投加量为21.0 mg.L-1时,浊度、COD、TP的去除率分别达到了98.15%、67.78%和84.05%,可作为新型高效絮凝剂应用于蓝藻沼液废水预处理.     

Removal of clofibric acid from aqueous solution by polyethylenimine-modified chitosan beads

Polyethylenimine （PEI）-modified chitosan was prepared and used to remove clofibric acid （CA） from aqueous solution. PEI was chemically grafted on the porous chitosan through a crosslinking reaction, and the effects of PEI concentration and reaction time in the preparation on the adsorption of clofibric acid were optimized. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） showed that PEI macromolecules were uniformly grafted on the porous chitosan, and the analysis of pore size distribution indicated that more mesopores were formed due to the crosslinking of PEI molecules in the macropores of chitosan. The PEI-modified chitosan had fast adsorption for CA within the initial 5 h, while this adsorbent exhibited an adsorption capacity of 349 mg· g^-1 for CA at pH 5.0 according to the Langmuir fitting, higher than 213 mg· g^-1 on the porous chitosan. The CA adsorption on the PEI- modified chitosan was pH-dependent, and the maximum adsorption was achieved at pH 4.0. Based on the surface charge analysis and comparison of different pharmaceu- ticals adsorption, electrostatic interaction dominated the sorption of CA on the PEI-modified chitosan. The PEI- modified chitosan has a potential application for the removal of some anionic rnicropollutants from water or wastewater.     

膨润土负载壳聚糖对Cu2+的吸附作用

将壳聚糖与膨润土结合,研制出一种复合吸附剂,并用于溶液中Cu2 的脱除,取得很好的效果,脱除率达到70%以上.通过X-射线衍射实验研究了改性膨润土的结构和改性机理.结果表明,膨润土的片状层结构未发生变化,壳聚糖仅吸附在膨润土的内外表面.该吸附剂具有投药量少、稳定性高、操作简单、无再次污染等优点.     

废弃甲壳资源化利用制天然高分子甲壳素／壳聚糖研究

本文以四川地区市场上的废弃甲壳资源为原料，废物资源化利用制取甲壳素；又分别采用一步法和两步法制备多种不同质量的壳聚糖，测定其红外光谱和各种质量指标，并将其用于溶液中Ｐｂ＾２＋离子的吸附试验，效果良好。     

甲壳素及壳聚糖的制备与利用

本文综述了从水产加工废弃物虾、蟹壳中制取甲壳素和壳聚糖的方法。简要介绍了甲壳素和壳聚糖及其衍生物的开发应用现状,供有关方面充分利用甲壳素资源参考。