Pioneers of ecological restoration: the people and legacy of the University of Wisconsin Arboretum

A focus on communication can provide in-depth understanding of public participation in natural resource management. Analysis of empirical material from a participatory process using the theoretical concepts of discursive closure and discursive opening revealed that openings were achieved, but the perspectives represented in the process were also closed down. The reasons for closures are discussed in terms of structural constraints, with participants shown to have many different constraints and different reasons for making closures. The conclusion is that the type of theoretical analysis presented in this paper could be used by a facilitator in meetings as a participatory tool to investigate closures and open them up to achieve a more deliberative process.     

长期秸秆还田对潮土真菌群落、酶活性和小麦产量的影响

为了研究秸秆还田对黄淮海平原潮土真菌群落的影响,开展连续10 a田间定位试验,设置不施肥（NF）、单施化肥（NPK）和秸秆还田配施化肥（NPKS）这3个处理,通过网络分析和结构方程模型,揭示真菌群落对土壤肥力、酶活性和小麦产量的影响机制.结果发现,NPKS处理土壤有机质（SOM）较NPK处理和NF处理分别升高9.20%和34.75%,碱解氮（AN）升高12.03%和39.17%,脱氢酶（DHA）升高37.21%和50.91%,β-葡糖苷酶（β-GC）升高17.29%和73.48%,小麦增产16.22%和125.53%.不同施肥处理真菌α-多样性并未发生显著变化,却导致β-多样性出现明显分异.冗余分析表明,速效磷（AP）、SOM和AN是潮土真菌群落组成变化的主要调控因素.差异物种分析表明,NF处理富集了Mortierella、Aspergillus、Ceriporia和Acremonium等具有溶磷/解钾功能的物种,以及Leohumicola和Hyalodendriella等植物共生菌;NPK处理中Sarocladium、Fusarium和Fusicolla等植物病原菌丰度显著升高;NPKS处理则激发了Pseudogymnoascus和Schizothecium等抑病菌生长,并提高Trichocladium和Lobulomyces等秸秆降解物种丰度.网络分析发现整个网络由4个主要模块组成,其中模块2物种累积丰度在NPKS处理显著升高,且与DHA和β-GC呈线性正相关关系.结构方程模型结果进一步表明小麦产量主要受SOM直接正向调控,而模块2物种可通过正向调节DHA和β-GC,间接影响SOM和小麦产量.综上所述,黄淮海平原潮土区秸秆还田可通过调节真菌种间互作关系,刺激特定物种集群生长,抑制病原菌活性,提高土壤酶活性,促进SOM累积,最终获得作物高产.     

氮素对苜蓿植物修复垃圾堆场镉-多环芳烃复合污染土壤及土壤细菌群落结构的影响

面向我国村镇垃圾存量治理的需求,非正规垃圾填埋场的治理是关键.但目前对富含氨氮的垃圾堆场重金属有机污染物复合污染土壤植物修复效率的研究尚少见报道.选取耐性植物紫花苜蓿,通过盆栽试验研究不同施N水平处理（0、10和50 mg ·kg^-1）对Cd-PAHs复合污染土壤植物生长、污染物的去除及土壤细菌群落结构的影响,以此评估N在植物修复垃圾堆场污染土壤过程中的作用.结果表明,高污染条件下［ω（Cd）为10 mg ·kg^-1和ω（PAHs）为400 mg ·kg^-1］,苜蓿生物量随施N水平的提高而增加,分别为不加N处理的6.0和6.3倍;低污染条件下［ω（Cd）为1 mg ·kg^-1和ω（PAHs）为100 mg ·kg^-1］,低N水平处理能促进苜蓿的生长,但差异不显著,而高N水平处理显著抑制其生长.植物修复中,苜蓿对低污染组中Cd的修复效率在5.58%~7.49%,N的添加显著提高高污染组中苜蓿修复效率,由0.95%提高至3.02%;与菲（Phe）相比,N对土壤中芘（Pyr）去除的促进作用更明显.此外,苜蓿可促进土壤中Phe和Pyr的去除,其中通过促进微生物对PAHs的降解作用占主导地位,而植物吸收作用的贡献小于0.21%.基于Bray-Curtis距离的冗余分析（db-RDA）显示PAHs和Cd是影响土壤微生物群落结构的主要因素,高N水平处理对单一Cd污染和高污染组中细菌群落分布影响更大,促进具有生物修复作用的菌属成为土壤优势细菌群落,如节杆菌属（Arthrobacter）、细杆菌属（Microbacterium）和新鞘脂菌属（Novosphingobium）等.研究结果可为我国垃圾堆场和非正规填埋场污染土壤生态修复提供理论依据.     

石家庄市土壤中喹诺酮类抗生素空间分布特征及其与微生物群落相关性

微生物群落作为土壤生态系统重要组分,长期低含量抗生素干扰会影响土壤中微生物群落结构及其功能.选取石家庄市为研究区,在2020年9月采集12个样点的表层土壤（0~25 cm）,并根据空间方位将其划分为4个区（S1、S2、S3和S4）;运用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用（HPLC-MS/MS）方法测定土壤中典型抗生素——喹诺酮类（quinolones,QNs）含量,明晰QNs在土壤中的空间分布特征,同时利用16S rRNA高通量测序技术对土壤中微生物群落结构及功能进行研究,识别其主要环境影响因子.结果表明：①4个区域的QNs总含量平均值由大到小依次为：S3（313.5 μg·kg^-1）>S4（65.54 μg·kg^-1）>S1（46.19 μg·kg^-1）>S2（12.63 μg·kg^-1）.其中诺氟沙星（NOR）含量最高（平均值为91.99 μg·kg^-1）,而喹草酸（OXO）含量最低（平均值为0.4486 μg·kg^-1）;②土壤颗粒以粉粒（2~50 μm）占比最高（66.7%~93.2%）,而黏粒（小于2 μm）占比最低（2.50%~9.10%）;土壤中总磷（TP）和氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）无显著空间差异,而硝氮（NO₃^--N）、亚硝氮（NO₂^--N）和土壤粒径呈现显著空间差异;③6种,优势菌属有5种,其中放线菌门（18.3%~34.6%）和变形菌门（13.6%~34.1%）为主要优势菌门,Arthrobacter（3.24%~8.61%）和Nitrososphaeraceae（2.93%~9.46%）为主要优势菌属;α多样性分析结果表明,Shannon值在S2区最高（6.48）,而在S3区最低（5.89）;④相关性结果表明,QNs和土壤理化参数均会显著改变微生物群落的结构组成,OXO、NO₃^--N和土壤粒径会影响微生物群落多样性,而FLU、NH₄⁺-N和NO₂^--N和土壤粒径会对微生物群落的功能产生影响.因此,需进一步加强石家庄市土壤环境中抗生素的风险管控.     

Effects of long-term nutrient addition on meso-micro soil arthropod communities in a Stipa baicalensis grassland北大核心CSCD

To analyze the effect of nutrient addition on small- and medium-sized soil arthropod communities in a Stipa Baikal meadow grassland, a nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition experiment was designed in the Stipa Baikal meadow grassland at Ewenki Banner, Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia, China in 2010. Changes in the structure and diversity of soil arthropod communities and their relationship with environmental factors were studied. Soil arthropod samples were collected during the forage greening (May), growth (August), and yellowing (end of September) periods in 2019. The results showed that: (1) compared to the control sample, N-added and NP-added samples had higher number of soil arthropods by 1.38 and 1.15 times, respectively, and an increase of 28.57% and 21.43% in the number of soil arthropod groups. The numbers of individual as well as groups of soil arthropods tended to increase with P addition; however, this response did not reach a significant level. (2) The water and heat conditions during the vegetation growth period in the test area were more suitable for the development of soil fauna communities. (3) The redundancy analysis (RDA) results further indicated that the community composition of soil fauna is mainly regulated by pH and plant evenness, and soil pH is particularly important in mediating changes in small- and medium-sized soil fauna communities. This study suggests that long-term nutrient addition has a positive impact on small- and medium-sized soil arthropod communities by changing plant evenness and soil pH, and the contribution of soil pH is greater than that of plant evenness. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

The impact of different voltage application modes on biodegradation of chloramphenicol and shift of microbial community structure

● Presented coupled system enhanced biodegradation of antibiotic chloramphenicol. ● HRT and electrical stimulation modes were key influencing factors. ● Electrical stimulation had little effect on the chloramphenicol metabolic pathway. ● Microbial community structure varied with the voltage application mode. Exoelectrogenic biofilms have received considerable attention for their ability to enhance electron transfer between contaminants and electrodes in bioelectrochemical systems. In this study, we constructed anaerobic-aerobic-coupled upflow bioelectrochemical reactors (AO-UBERs) with different voltage application modes, voltages and hydraulic retention times (HRTs). In addition, we evaluated their capacity to remove chloramphenicol (CAP). AO-UBER can effectively mineralize CAP and its metabolites through electrical stimulation when an appropriate voltage is applied. The CAP removal efficiencies were ~81.1%±6.1% (intermittent voltage application mode) and 75.2%±4.6% (continuous voltage application mode) under 0.5 V supply voltage, which were ~21.5% and 15.6% greater than those in the control system without voltage applied, respectively. The removal efficiency is mainly attributed to the anaerobic chamber. High-throughput sequencing combined with catabolic pathway analysis indicated that electrical stimulation selectively enriched Megasphaera, Janthinobacterium, Pseudomonas, Emticicia, Zoogloea, Cloacibacterium and Cetobacterium, which are capable of denitrification, dechlorination and benzene ring cleavage, respectively. This study shows that under the intermittent voltage application mode, AO-UBERs are highly promising for treating antibiotic-contaminated wastewater.     

典型高原湿地底泥微生物对砷污染的响应

为了深入探讨典型高原湿地底泥微生物群落对砷胁迫的响应规律,通过砷添加(As浓度分别为0、100、150、300 mg·kg^-1,依次记为YZ1、YZ2、YZ3、YZ4)的淹水模拟湿地生境试验,利用高通量测序技术对样品中细菌16S rRNA的V3～V4区进行测序.结果显示,底泥中砷形态主要以专性吸附态砷（F2）和弱结晶度的铁铝水合氧化物结合态砷（F3）为主,且随着砷污染浓度的升高,活性态砷（F1、F2和F3）占比上升.砷污染会影响底泥微生物多样性和群落结构.与YZ1组相比,YZ2组在一定程度上刺激了砷敏感微生物的生长和繁殖,如拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）;YZ4组处理下明显抑制了该微生物生长,但会促进耐砷微生物生长,如厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和变形菌门（Proteobacteria）使其成为群落主导.同时,在属水平上,YZ4处理组中具有As（V）异化还原功能的地杆菌属（Geobacter）细菌的占比也较YZ1组有所上升.基于功能预测结果表明,与YZ1处理组相比,其它3个处理组中均降低了底泥细菌的功能.研究显示,砷胁迫下,影响了底泥细菌的群落组成.高...     

铜胁迫对小麦根系微域微生物群落的影响

小麦是我国主要的粮食作物,土壤重金属污染会严重威胁作物生长和粮食安全.大量研究表明根际微生物在调控作物发育和抗逆性方面具有非常重要的作用.因此,本研究通过高通量测序技术研究铜胁迫条件下小麦根际微生物群落的变化,从微生物学角度揭示铜污染胁迫对小麦根际的影响作用.采用盆栽培养试验对铜污染处理中小麦非根际、根际以及根内微生物进行测序后,分别比较小麦不同根系分区环境中的微生物群落结构和多样性.结果发现,所有处理中小麦的根内微生物多样性均显著（P<0.001）低于根际和非根际微生物多样性,表明根表作为微生物进入根内环境的门户,对根内微生物的定殖起着过滤和筛选的作用.铜污染胁迫降低了根际土环境中的微生物多样性,且差异显著（P<0.05）;而在非根际和根内环境中,尽管铜污染胁迫降低了对应根系分区中的微生物多样性,但差异不显著（P>0.05）.变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria）是小麦根际和非根际环境中的共有优势菌群,通过比较发现铜污染胁迫对这两种优势菌门的影响作用较小.另外,芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、假黄色单胞菌属（Pseudoxanthomonas）和鞘氨醇单胞菌属（Sphingomonas）等菌属具有较强的抗逆性,能够在铜污染胁迫下存活且能够为植物提供营养物质.     

2015~2020年洪泽湖浮游植物群落结构及其环境影响因子

洪泽湖是南水北调东线工程的重要调蓄湖泊,在气候调节、防洪防汛等方面起着重要的作用.为研究洪泽湖浮游植物群落结构演替及与环境因子的关系,了解“十年禁渔”前洪泽湖生态系统状况,于2015～2020年进行了逐月监测.研究期间,总氮(TN)年平均浓度从2017年之后呈显著下降趋势,总磷(TP)和化学需氧量(COD)总体呈下降趋势,水温无明显变化趋势,水深和透明度从2015～2018年上升,之后显著下降.调查期间共鉴定有浮游植物8门102属310种,浮游植物优势门类主要包括绿藻门和硅藻门,其次为蓝藻门和甲藻门.主要优势属为栅藻(Scenedesmus)、直链藻(Aulacoseira)、隐藻(Cryptomonas)、小环藻(Cyclotella)、四角藻(Tetraedron)、微囊藻(Microcystis)和长孢藻(Dolichospermum).非度量多维尺度分析方法(NMDS)表明,洪泽湖浮游植物群落结构组成在不同年份、不同季节和不同采样区域有显著差异,其变化主要是浮游植物的优势种属间再分配.NMDS分析结果显示,洪泽湖浮游植物群落结构变化与水温、 TN、 TP、水深和透明度等因素有关...     

城市水体微塑料垂向分布下附着细菌群落结构和功能响应

微塑料作为环境微生物的附着载体已经引起了世界范围内的广泛关注.然而,水环境中微塑料往往呈现垂向分布特征,附着的细菌群落结构和功能是否会随之产生变化仍少见报道.因此,选取了水环境中常见的微塑料聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)为研究对象,通过野外水体垂向暴露,结合高通量测序技术,探究微塑料垂向分布下附着的细菌群落结构变化和功能表达响应.结果表明,相较于PVC微塑料,附着于PET微塑料上的细菌群落α多样性更高;随着暴露水深的增加,附着于PET和PVC两种介质的细菌群落丰富度和多样性均随之增加,且深水条件下(90 cm),附着于两种微塑料的细菌α多样性指数均明显高于其在30 cm和60 cm的值.蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、变形菌门(Protobacteria)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)为PET和PVC附着细菌群落的优势物种.进一步分析发现,深水环境明显改变了附着于微塑料的细菌群落结构.相关功能预测表明,嘧啶代谢、氨基糖和核苷酸糖的代谢、淀粉和蔗糖代谢和酰胺生物合成代谢功能表达与水深深度呈正相关性;深水条件...