观赏果树在乌鲁木齐市绿化环境的效果及应用分析

为比较不同观赏果树在乌鲁木齐市对绿化环境的效果,分析不同观赏果树在乌鲁木齐市的应用方式.本实验以乌鲁木齐市20年生的常见观赏果树山桃、新疆梨等为实验材料,分析其可观赏性、生长期、生长状况、抗性、产量、滞尘量、绿化环境的不利因素,结果显示8种观赏果树绿化环境的效果从优往劣依次是黑桑、红果山楂、黄太平、毛杏、山桃、李子、新疆梨、葡萄.对乌鲁木齐市绿化环境的建设,这8种观赏果树与其他观赏植物配合进行花园立体绿化环境,效果更好.     

铁碳微电解-微波强化Fenton联合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液

利用铁碳微电解-微波强化Fenton联合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液,探讨了微波功率、微波作用时间、H2O2投加量对微电解出水处理效果的影响。同时将铁碳微电解出水COD浓度、微波功率、微波作用时间、H2O2投加量对处理效果的影响建立了正交试验,结果表明:各因素对COD去除率影响的主次关系为:微电解出水COD微波功率H2O2投加量微波作用时间。     

Heavy metal mobility in runoff water and absorption by eggplant fruits from sludge treated soil

Sewage sludge addition to agricultural lands requires judicious management to avoid environmental risks arising from heavy metal and nitrate contamination of surface water and accumulation in edible plants. A field study was conducted on a silty-loam soil of 10% slope at Kentucky State University Research Farm. Eighteen plots of 22 × 3.7 m each were separated using metal borders and the soil in six plots was mixed with sewage sludge and yard waste compost mix (SS-YW) at 15 t acre^?1, six plots were mixed with sewage sludge (SS) at 15 t acre^?1, and six unamended plots that never received sludge were used for comparison purposes. Plots were planted with eggplant, Solanum melongena L. as the test plant. The objectives of this investigation were to: 1) assess the effect of soil amendments on the transport of NO₃, NH₄, and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Mo) into surface water; 2) investigate the effect of soil amendments on heavy metal bioavailability in eggplant fruits at harvest; and 3) assess chemical and physical properties of soil following addition of soil amendments and their impact on the yield and quality of eggplant fruit. SS-YW treatments reduced runoff water by 63% while plots incorporated with sewage sludge alone reduced runoff water by 37% compared to control treatment. The SS-YW treatments transported more mineral nitrogen (NO₃-N and NH₄-N) in runoff water than SS treatments. Total marketable yield (lbs acre^?1) and number of eggplant fruits were greatest in SS-YW treatments. This response may be due to improved soil porosity, water, and nutrient retention of the soil amended with SS-YW mixture. Concentrations of heavy metals in soil amended with sludge were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) limits. Chromium, Ni, Zn, and Cu were taken up by eggplant fruits but their concentrations were below the Codex Commission allowable levels.     

矿质营养对荔枝裂果率的影响

通过对糯米糍荔枝叶片、果皮、土壤中矿质元素含量的研究，探讨矿质营养对荔枝裂果率的影响。初步探明糯米糍荔枝叶片中的钙、镁、硼含量，果皮中的氮钾比，以及土壤中的N/K比、有机质、交换性钙含量影响其裂果率。     

CPAM调质浓缩污泥脱水的影响因素及其机理研究

污水处理厂剩余污泥的处置是当前业界的热点。研究了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)调质浓缩污泥脱水的一些影响因素，如药剂投加量、污泥pH值、环境温度、搅拌条件等。同时，还对污泥絮凝脱水机理进行了一定的探讨。研究表明：阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)作为浓缩污泥脱水剂，在优化投加量下、污泥pH值在5.0～7.5、低速搅拌时，有较好的脱水效果。环境温度对污泥的脱水效果也有一定的影响，夏天处理优于冬天处理。     

Simultaneous Determination of O- and P- Nitrophenol by First Derivative Spectrophotometry

A simple method by first derivative spectrophotometry is proposed for the simultaneous determination of o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol. The analytes were separated from samples by liquid-liquid extraction (pH = 7.4) as tetrabutylammonium ion pairs into the 1,2-dichloroethane organic phase and subsequently the extracts were evaluated directly by derivative spectrophotometry. Simultaneous determination of both analytes could be carried out using the zero-crossing and the graphical methods for o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol, respectively. The determination ranges were found to be between 0.115 to 3.00 ppm and 0.130 to 3.00 ppm for o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol, respectively. The relative standard deviations were in all instances less than 2.0%. The proposed method was applied to the determination of these compounds in fruit juices.     

海水及浓海水吸收二氧化硫

采用鼓泡法研究了海水及浓海水对二氧化硫的吸收效果,并考察了吸收液温度、气体流量、盐度及碱度等因素的影响.结果表明,相同条件下,浓海水对二氧化硫的吸收能力较海水明显提高,且温度越高浓海水优势越明显,气体流量为200 mL/min,二氧化硫浓度为3 140 mg/m3,25℃时,浓海水的穿透时间较原海水延长20 min,60℃时则延长30 min.相同碱度条件下,盐度的增加对海水吸收二氧化硫无明显影响;而在相同盐度条件下,碱度的增加可显著提高海水吸收二氧化硫的能力.     

Measurement of Fruit and Vegetable Losses in Brazil: A Case Study

This research conducted on municipal solid waste management for the first time quantified food spoilage as being 8.8% weight of all officially collected household garbage in the Brazilian city under study. The unexpected size of this waste fraction gave rise to work on the causes of waste and on its distribution over the product life cycle specific to fruit and vegetables. Waste was defined as being the combination of losses and scraps. Administrative shortcomings were identified as basic reasons for waste. At the producer and consumer ends of the cycle, negligence was shown to be the single most important problem. Fruit and vegetables deteriorate during the operations of handling, transport, packaging, storage, selling and consumption. The study detailed the occurrence of waste at all of these stages. In the medium-size Brazilian city, the total waste of fruit and vegetables was shown to amount to 16.6% weight in the marketing stage of the life cycle. At the consumer level, it was measured as 3.4% weight of all household garbage. Specific reasons for this waste were identified at the levels of producer, wholesaler and retailer. Short-term remedies were pointed out that invariably corrected deficient management procedures. It was shown that very simple administrative measures can significantly reduce the spoilage of fruit and vegetables. Long-term strategies involve the creation of sample cases for administration of the fruit and vegetables life cycle at all stages.     

二级Fenton氧化高浓度有机硅废水研究

采用二级Fenton氧化技术对可生化性差的高浓度有机硅废水进行处理,考察了不同因素对COD去除率的影响,对比了一级氧化和二级氧化的效果。结果表明对于COD为9 600 mg/L的高浓度有机硅废水,pH为3,[H2O2]/[Fe2+]=2∶1为最佳的反应条件,COD去除率随着H2O2的投加量的增大先增大而后减小,每200 mL水样中先投加20%的硫酸亚铁12 mL,然后分2次投加30%的H2O2各4 mL,氧化完成后调整pH值为7~8静止沉淀,COD去除率达89.2%。对于某绝缘电器厂的生产废水经二级Fenton氧化处理后,出水有机物浓度显著降低,可生化性提高,Fenton二级氧化可以作为高浓度有机硅废水的预处理工艺。     

Evaluation of the field dissipation of fungicides and insecticides used on fruit bearing trees in northern Italy

The dissipation of the fungicides captan, cyprodinil, fludioxonil, dithianon, and tebuconazole and of the insecticides chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, and malathion was studied, following a single treatment of different cultivars of pears, apples, and peaches. The study was conducted in northern Italy, over two successive growing seasons (2004 and 2005). The treatments were performed by the farmers involved, in line with their usual practice. At various time intervals from treatment to harvest, representative samples of fruit were collected and analyzed for pesticide residues. In some cases, concentrations lower than the maximum residue levels (MRLs) were found immediately after treatment. In all trials a rapid decline in pesticide concentrations was observed leading to residues at harvest greatly below the MRLs.