一种非平稳随机振动试验控制系统设计

目的 实现非平稳随机振动试验控制,在传统随机振动试验控制理论基础上,提出一种针对非平稳连续振动方式下的随机试验控制方法.方法 将均方根时变的非平稳随机振动过程近似等效为一个均方根和PSD谱的乘积模型,通过实时计算归一化的驱动谱,利用均方根实时跟随控制策略,更新驱动信号,实现连续非平稳随机振动控制.利用软件编程实现控制算...     

乐山市臭氧生成与前体物之间的关系及其敏感性和控制分析

为初步了解乐山市臭氧生成的主要特征和科学管控,采用Pearson相关性分析法分析一年来臭氧及其前体物之间的相关性,并采用OBM模式和VOCS/NOX比值法分别讨论臭氧生成的敏感性和控制性特征.结果 表明:乐山市氮氧化物与臭氧在夏秋两季呈现正相关,在春冬两季呈负相关;从臭氧的敏感性分析得出臭氧生成潜势PO3-NO:夏季＞...     

Synergy Between Visual and Auditory Signals and Its Influence on the Follow-Up Regulation Quality

The study aimed at verifying a hypothesis that supporting a visual signal of regulation deviation with an auditory one could improve the quality of regulation; the operator would have better information on machine operation. A special simulator was applied to follow-up tracking with a manual lever which controlled vertical movements of a cursor on a monitor screen. Simultaneously with visual information on screen, the operator was provided with an auditory deviation signal of pre-determined characteristics. 33 young males underwent the test. It was found that supporting a visual signal with an auditory one resulted in an improvement in the regulation quality by 5-6%, which proved synergy between those signals. The results may be used in designing tele- and servo-mechanisms, especially for remote control machinery, e.g., inspection robots or micromanipulators controlled by operators in a follow-up system.     

An Observation Method for Analyzing Operators’ Routine Activity in Computerized Control Rooms

An activity analysis method was developed for studying the structure and dynamics of control room operators’ activity during normal operation based on directly observable elements of the operators’ behavior. The method assesses current activity along three dimensions in each 5-min period of the shift. Intensity characterizes arousal level, direction shows whether the activity is directed predominantly at the process control task, at something else, or miscellaneous. Motivation reflects if the activity is driven by intrinsic or extrinsic motivation. A case study is presented, in which 3 morning, 3 afternoon, and 3 night shifts of a Nuclear Power Plant operator crew are involved. The obtained results gave a deeper understanding of the operators’ activity and also revealed an “arousal compensation” tendency.     

Analysis of underlying causes of investigated loss of containment incidents in Dutch Seveso plants using the Storybuilder method

In the Netherlands there are around 400 “Seveso” sites that fall under the Dutch Major Hazards Decree (BRZO) 1999. Between 2006 and 2010 the Dutch Labour Inspectorate's Directorate for Major Hazard Control completed investigations of 118 loss of containment incidents involving hazardous substances from this group. On the basis of investigation reports the incidents were entered in a tailor-made tool called Storybuilder developed for the Dutch Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment for identifying the dominant patterns of technical safety barrier failures, barrier task failures and underlying management causes associated with the resulting loss of control events. The model is a bow-tie structure with six lines of defence, three on either side of the central loss of containment event. In the first line of defence, failures in the safety barriers leading to loss of control events were primarily equipment condition failures, pre start-up and safeguarding failures and process deviations such as pressure and flow failures. These deviations, which should have been recovered while still within the safe envelope of operation, were missed primarily because of inadequate indication signals that the deviations have occurred. Through failures of subsequent lines of defence they are developing into serious incidents. Overall, task failures are principally failures to provide adequate technical safety barriers and failures to operate provided barriers appropriately. Underlying management delivery failures were mainly found in equipment specifications and provisions, procedures and competence. The competence delivery system is especially important for identifying equipment condition, equipment isolation for maintenance, pre-start-up status and process deviations. Human errors associated with operating barriers were identified in fifty per cent of cases, were mostly mistakes and feature primarily in failure to prevent deviations and subsequently recover them. Loss of control associated with loss of containment was primarily due to the containment being bypassed (72% of incidents) and less to material strength failures (28%). Transfer pipework, connections in process plant and relief valves are the most frequent release points and the dominant release material is extremely flammable. It is concluded that the analysis of a large number of incidents in Storybuilder can support the quantification of underlying causes and provide evidence of where the weak points exist in major hazard control in the prevention of major accidents.     

米淀粉及其副产品清洁生产绩效评价研究

本文研究了传统米淀粉生产工艺物质流失及其生产过程控制与管理的内容,评价了米淀粉产品技改前与技改后的经济绩效和环境绩效.结果表明,开展清洁生产绩效评价研究,对于优化产品结构、实施工艺技术改造、提高资源能源利用率与节能减排效果具有重要意义.     

输变电工程在不同阶段的水土流失防治责任范围变化分析——以四川省500kV输变电工程为例

通过对四川省6个500kV输变电工程的水土保持设施验收技术评估工作,分析比较了上述工程水土流失防治责任范围在水土保持方案报告书（可研）阶段、工程建设期以及运行期的变化情况,结果表明建设期水土流失防治责任范围面积占水土保持方案报告书的50％～70％,运行期水土流失防治责任范围面积占建设期的30％～50％。     

活性炭纤维在油田采出废水处理中的应用

针对油田采出废水的特点,以粘胶基活性炭纤维为原料,经二次炭化和二次活化方式处理制得ACF样品。以ACF为过滤材料,对延长某采油厂经过沉降、分离处理后的采油废水进行动态吸附实验,实验结果表明:经水蒸汽二次活化得到的ACF样品对选用的油田废水处理效果最佳,其悬浮物颗粒粒径中值0.496μm(<1.0μm)、悬浮物含量为0.77mg/L(<1.0mg/L)。     

Control Issues in the Design of a Gas Turbine Cycle for CO2 Capture

This article is concerned with control issues related to the design of a semi-closed O ₂/CO ₂ gas turbine cycle for CO ₂ capture. Some control strategies and their interaction with the process design are discussed. One control structure is implemented on a dynamic simulation model using a predictive controller, and simulations assess the performance and compare its merits with a conventional PI structure. The results indicate that it can be advantageous for operability to allow a varying (as opposed to fixed) compressor inlet pressure, at the cost of a more expensive design. Furthermore, the results show that a predictive controller has some advantages with respect to the simpler conventional PI control structure, in particular in terms of constraint handling.     

浙江省火电行业主要污染物减排环境效益研究

利用美国环保局开发的新一代空气质量模式系统Models-3,对2010 年浙江省大气污染物进行数值模拟研究,并对SO₂、NO₂ 和PM₁₀ 等大气污染物浓度的模拟结果与监测结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,Models-3 系统能较好地反映浙江省的大气污染情况,模拟值与观测值的变化趋势具有较好的一致性,说明该模式能较好地进行大气污染物的分布特征和变化规律的研究。为定量分析电力行业多污染物协同控制与区域复合型大气污染之间的定量关系,评估不同控制情景下的环境质量效益,应用CMAQ 空气质量模型分别对2010 年基准排放情景和火电行业主要污染物(SO₂、NO_x 和烟尘)的三套减排控制情景,评价环境空气污染物SO₂、NO_x、PM_2.5 和PM₁₀ 状况进行模拟,评价污染物减排的环境效益。三套方案下PM_2.5 浓度下降比例分别为0.53%、0.55% 和0.57%,其中重点区域浓度下降比例分别为4.36%、4.38%和5.9%;PM₁₀ 浓度下降比例分别为0.40%、0.42% 和0.65%,重点区域下降比例分别为3.42%、5.82% 和8.16%;NO_x 浓度下降比例分别为12.4% 和13.3%,重点区域下降比例分别为13.8% 和16.9%;SO₂ 下降比例平均为11.24%,其中重点区域下降比例为14.4%。SO₂、NO_x 和烟(粉)尘协同减排对于浙江地区特别是重点区域的环境空气质量改善有着显著意义。