混合菌种在发酵法生物产氢中的协同作用

为探讨产氢发酵细菌混合培养时菌种间的协同作用,本研究在间歇试验条件下,分别考察以葡萄糖和复杂有机物(淀粉、牛肉膏、聚乙二醇乙二酸酯和胰蛋白胨)为底物时,5株HPB(B49、H1、LM12、LM11和B51)混合培养,高效HPB(B49)与3株非产氢发酵细菌(L10、拟3-2和芽孢1)分别混合培养,以及B49与活性污泥混合培养对产氢能力的影响.试验结果表明,混合菌种间协同作用发挥是有条件的.当利用葡萄糖发酵产氢时,菌种间对共同底物的竞争使其协同作用无法发挥,从而制约了高效产氢细菌(HPB)的产氢能力;而利用复杂有机物发酵产氯时,菌种间的协同作用得以发挥,并促进了高效HPB产氢能力的提高.同时提出,针对不同底物可以采用不同的培养方式.     

硝化产物对硝化细菌混培物保藏特性的影响

采用添加硝化产物的方法,研究了饥饿保藏过程中硝化产物对硝化细菌混培物活性和相关性状的影响.结果表明,饥饿保藏过程中添加亚硝酸盐可改善硝化细菌混培物的保藏效果,并明显降低硝化活性的衰减速率.缺氧条件下,4℃加5mmol/L亚硝态氮、4℃加5mmol/L硝态氮及4℃不加代谢产物3种保藏方法下的硝化活性均呈指数衰减,衰减速率分别为0.010d-1、0.020d-1、0.021d-1,半衰期分别为72.3、33.9、32.7d;硝化活性趋于稳定时,3种方法下的硝化活性保留率分别为18.7%、19.1%和15.1%,总菌体量保留率分别为62.0%、47.3%和58.7%;随着饥饿保藏时间的延长,各方法下的硝化细菌混培物ATP含量和血红素c含量均随硝化活性的衰减而下降,混培物颜色也随硝化活性的衰减而变黑.     

洪泽湖围栏养殖对表层沉积物重金属含量影响与生态风险评价

为探讨洪泽湖全湖沉积物重金属分布特征及围栏养殖对其影响,于2018年洪泽湖部分围栏拆除后,对洪泽湖不同区域（河口、湖心、围栏区、拆除区和外围区）表层沉积物中重金属含量、来源和空间分布特征进行分析,评估其生态风险.结果表明,洪泽湖表层沉积物中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb含量均值分别为66.78、33.89、25.35、74.77、16.55、0.23和27.20mg ·kg^-1.采用地累积指数和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数对沉积物重金属污染现状和潜在生态风险程度的评价表明,除了As和Cd元素处于较轻污染程度,其余元素Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn和Pb均处于无污染;除Cd存在严重的潜在生态风险,其余元素均只有低水平潜在生态风险.结果表明围栏区、拆除区和外围区之间的重金属含量呈现递增趋势,并向湖心蓄积,拆除围栏并未在短时间内明显降低重金属含量.洪泽湖整体呈现低生态风险的状态,今后治理重点应是北部及东北部的表层沉积物堆积区和养殖区.     

太湖渔业环境优化技术初探

根据对东太湖养殖区主要水化学指标进行的跟踪监测结果,系统分析研究了N、P等主要营养物质的变化趋势。结果显示,TP网围内的周年平均值为0.034mg/L,网围外周年平均值为0.042mg/L,TN网内周年平均值为0.72mg/L,网外周年平均值为0.73mg/L。并依据试验及监测结果,估算了太湖养殖渔业对水体的营养贡献份额(N、P),现有养殖状况每年通过水产品可带出湖中19.51tN和6.62tP。通过调整、优化养殖模式,大力推广应用轮牧式网围养殖,大幅降低放养量,合理搭配滤食性鱼类,在养殖区普及种植太湖优势水生植物,移植本湖底栖动物,利用水生植物和底栖动物既可有效净化养殖环境,又能作为养殖对象的适口饲料这种作用和功能,同时充分利用湖区低值鱼资源作为河蟹的饲料,最终将水草、螺、低值鱼等转化成水产品,并通过水产品的形式将营养物质带出湖区,从而达到优化改善渔业环境的目的。     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌培养条件的筛选及脱硫效果研究

从湖南某煤矿附近的土壤中,分离出能有效脱除燃煤中硫的菌株TFD-9,鉴定为氧化亚铁硫杆菌。通过不同温度、pH值和底物浓度对TFD-9菌生物量的影响,确定了最适宜的培养条件;并试验了该菌株对不同能源物质的利用以及对煤的脱硫能力。实验表明:TFD-9菌的适宜生长条件为温度30℃、Fe2+浓度9g/L、pH值2.0,此时最大生物量达到9.26×107个/mL;菌株对能源物质的利用能力分别为Fe2+100%,S2O32-62%,S少于50%;生物处理20d燃煤总硫脱除率为75.6%,硫化物硫脱除率为82.75%。     

空心菜浮床栽培对集约化养殖鱼塘水质的影响

以叶绿素a(Chla)、TN、NH4+-N、NO2-N、NO3-N、TP、PO43-P、CODMn等为主要水质指标研究浮床栽培空心菜对集约化养殖鱼塘的净化作用。结果表明,通过4次收获,空心菜产量可达69618.0～73161.6kg.hm-2;空心菜覆盖率为10%和20%处理组通过收获空心菜直接从1hm2养殖池塘中移出的TN分别为27.51、52.35kg,TP分别为2.83、5.39kg。在相同监测时间下,Chla、TN、NH4+-N、NO2-N、NO3-N、TP、PO43-P、CODMn等各项水质指标按对照组、10%处理组、20%处理组的顺序均呈逐渐降低趋势;其中20%处理组对Chla、TN、NH4+-N、NO2-N、NO3-N、TP、PO43-P、CODMn的去除率分别为15.16%～49.02%、9.04%～36.56%、19.23%～46.34%、22.76%～47.74%、13.33%～56.52%、33.33%～45.10%、27.27%～48.15%、3.13%～19.05%。与对照塘相比,处理塘鱼类成活率明显提高,说明在主养鱼为鲫鱼的苗种养殖池塘中采用浮床栽培空心菜能够促进水体物质循环,加强...     

南岳旅游客源市场开拓存在的问题及营销策略

客源是旅游业发展的原动力,客源市场分析准确与否,直接决定着旅游投资资金的可行性和安全性．而要把握好旅游客源市场,必须进行深入细致的市场调查与分析．南岳作为全国五大名山之一,近年来虽然旅游环境不断优化,产业素质明显增强,产业规模迅速扩大．但与国内各大知名旅游景区相比,南岳还有很大的差距,许多方面还存在着严重的不足,特别是在旅游市场开拓方面还有巨大的潜力需要发掘,为此,从客源市场特征反映的角度对南岳旅游做出一番有益的探讨,旨在为南岳的旅游发展提出建设性的措施．表4,参3．     

Organizational safety: which management practices are most effective in reducing employee injury rates?

PROBLEM: While several management practices have been cited as important components of safety programs, how much does each incrementally contribute to injury reduction? This study examined the degree to which six management practices frequently included in safety programs (management commitment, rewards, communication and feedback, selection, training, and participation) contributed to a safe work environment for hospital employees. METHOD: Participants were solicited via telephone to participate in a research study concerning hospital risk management. Sixty-two hospitals provided data concerning management practices and employee injuries. RESULTS: Overall, the management practices reliably predicted injury rates. A factor analysis performed on the management practices scale resulted in the development of six factor scales. A multiple regression performed on these factor scales found that proactive practices reliably predicted injury rates. Remedial measures acted as a suppressor variable. DISCUSSION: While most of the participating hospitals implemented reactive practices (fixing problems once they have occurred), what differentiated the hospitals with low injury rates was that they also employed proactive measures to prevent accidents. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The most effective step that hospitals can take is in the front-end hiring and training of new personnel. They should also ensure that the risk management position has a management-level classification. This study also demonstrated that training in itself is not adequate.     

Biochemical responses of Cr-tolerant and Cr-sensitive mung bean cultivars grown on varying levels of chromium

Biochemical investigations were carried out in Cr-tolerant and Cr-sensitive cultivars of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) with different concentrations of hexavalent chromium (as K₂Cr₂O₇) in hydroponics culture. Seeds were germinated and grown in the presence or absence of chromium under controlled environmental conditions. Protein, pigment and enzyme analysis were conducted in both Cr-tolerant and Cr-sensitive cultivars of mung bean after 72 h of treatments. Chlorophyll and protein contents were reduced in Cr-sensitive cultivars more than those of the tolerant ones. The enzyme activity varied among the Cr-tolerant and Cr-sensitive ones. Activities of catalase, peroxidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase were greater in Cr-sensitive than tolerant cultivars.     

我国红豆杉资源现状和紫杉醇产业化对策

红豆杉资源匮乏是制约我国紫杉醇产业化发展的关键问题,野生资源的合理利用,红豆杉的人工种植和细胞培养技术是目前主要的解决途径,在分析我国红豆杉植物的野生资源的分布和资源蕴藏量,总结我国红豆杉人工扦插技术研究的主要成果和综述了国内红豆杉细胞培养的研究进展的基础上,通过对上述主要资源提供途径的现状和可操作性的比较分析,明确指出大规模,规范化人工种植红豆杉是当前解决红豆杉产业化过程中的资源匮乏的主要途径;建议在切实保护野生红豆杉资源的同时,有计划地合理利用野生红豆杉植株的小枝和针叶。