增强UV-B辐射对小麦叶片黄酮类化合物日变化的影响

通过温室盆栽试验,初步研究了UV-B辐射对灌浆期小麦叶片中黄酮类化合物含量日变化的影响.结果发现,UV-B胁迫条件下,黄酮类化合物含量明显上升,而胁迫解除后,其含量下降,与对照组间差异逐渐减小.合成黄酮类化合物的关键性酶--苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性的变化也表现出大致相同的趋势.同时,UV-B辐射对小麦叶片净光合速率没有影响,但使其夜闯呼吸速率显著加强 .这些结果表明,小麦在UV-B胁迫解除前后黄酮类化合物的持续波动可能是植物在UV-B辐射条件下光合能力未受影响而生物量明显下降的一个重要原因.     

黄河流域氮磷营养盐动态特征及主要影响因素

收集了黄河流域下游主要干流监测站近40a来(氮数据)或20a(磷数据)来的水质数据,同时,收集了流域各省人口、氮肥磷肥施用量(折纯)及工业废水排放量等数据,研究了黄河氮磷营养盐通量(或浓度)的多年变化趋势,并统计了水质变化与流域人口、化肥用量和工业废水排放量等社会经济指标的关系.结果表明,黄河氮输送通量近40a来有不断升高的趋势,但1990s后期受黄河断流影响有明显下降;同时,由于下游引黄灌区大量取水使得花园口-利津之间的氮通量相对入海口的氮通量为负值.黄河总磷含量在一定范围内波动,没有呈现趋势性变化,受断流影响1990s后期总磷含量值也明显减小.进一步分析表明,黄河氮输送通量的变化主要受流域内人口、氮肥施用量的影响,而与工业废水排放量没有统计上的相关性;黄河总磷含量和流域人口、磷肥施用量和废水排放量均无相关性,而与黄河水体中悬浮物含量显著相关.回归分析结果表明,黄河水体悬浮物中的总磷含量为0.54g·kg-1,与黄土高原总磷背景值十分接近.由于黄河悬浮物主要来自黄土高原,故判断黄河总磷输送的主要影响因素是黄土高原的水土流失.查明黄河流域氮磷输送量多年变化情况和主要影响因素可为流域和海域污染控制及负荷分配提供依据.     

Modelling the potential impacts of land use/cover change on terrestrial carbon stocks in north-west Morocco

Terrestrial ecosystems store more carbon (C) than the atmosphere and provide ecosystem services (ES) such as global climate regulation, by sequestering carbon within biomass and soil. Land use land cover (LULC) change is considered a key factor, playing an important role in the dynamic variations of carbon storage. The aim of this paper is to assess the effects that LULC has had on carbon stocks and consequently on climate change regulation in north-western Morocco over 21 years. To achieve this aim, the Integrated Valuation of ES and Trade-offs (InVEST) model is used to assess status and variation in the net amount of carbon stored by the different types of LULC, and the economic value of the carbon sequestered in the remaining stock. The results show that the total carbon stock increased from 4.81TgC in 1996 to 4.98TgC in 2017. Over the 21 years, the LULC changes had the greatest effect on carbon storage - an increase of 6.87% with 0.17TgC of carbon sequestered, since the majority of unused land was changed to forest and cultivated land. Based on the global costs of atmospheric carbon, we estimate the economic value of carbon storage services to be between US$1,800,000 and US$3,570,000 for the whole period, with an average yearly increment of between US$86,000 and US$170,000. The results show that the ecosystem management has had a substantial climate mitigation effect. Also, the possibility of paying for ES could inform policy on the adoption of LULC to support livelihood and management choices.     

深圳市大气中PM2.5载带金属污染特征及健康风险

于2020年3月～2021年2月对深圳市道路环境空气中PM_2.5载带的15种金属元素的质量浓度进行时间分辨率为1h的全年在线观测.结果显示,深圳市道路环境空气中PM_2.5载带金属元素的总平均浓度为(1062.3±434.6) ng/m³,其中Fe、Al、K、Ca和Zn为主要贡献元素,在金属元素中总贡献达到95.5%.Fe的浓度较高,受到与道路扬尘和机动车排放的强烈影响.金属浓度存在着显著的季节性差异,冬季浓度最高(1709.3ng/m³),夏季最低(644.1ng/m³).Mn、Fe、Cr、Zn和Ca元素呈现明显的双峰日变化分布,与机动车流量高峰一致.昼夜浓度分布结果显示,夜间船舶排放V和Ni的浓度高值得关注,而Mn、Zn和Ca的浓度白天较夜晚高,与白天机动车流量较高有关.高污染日总金属日间浓度和夜间浓度均为全年日间和夜间平均浓度的1.9倍.成年人与儿童暴露于深圳市道路环境空气的非致癌风险均低于阈值1,但是总致癌风险(6.5×10^-6)超过阈值10     

楚雄市空气环境质量状况、变化趋势及对策

根据楚雄市"十五"期间空气环境质量监测结果,对楚雄市空气环境质量状况、变化趋势进行分析、研究,并提出改善空气环境质量的对策、建议.     

长江口水域浮游动物生物量及其年间变化

根据2000～2003年长江口邻近海域2个季节8个航次海洋调查资料,对长江口邻近海域浮游动物生物量及其年间变化进行研究。结果表明：5月高生物量分布区在交汇水团的海水一侧,而交汇水团的淡水一侧生物量较低。8月高生物量分布在交汇水团的两侧,交汇水团的生物量较低。长江口生物量的年间变动与外海水势力有关。高生物量分布区往往位于长江口水域的东侧,当外海暖水势力强盛时,高生物量分布区向长江口伸展,使整个水域浮游动物生物量增高,而当外海暖水势力较弱时,高生物量分布区范围缩小。2001至2003年浮游动物生物量逐年迅速降低与此有密切的关系。浮游动物优势种组成及丰度变化是影响长江口饵料生物量变化的重要因素。     

新旧版美国四轮全地形车安全标准ANSI/SVIA 1分析与研究

本文通过对美国四轮ATV强制性安全标准ANSI/SVIA 1-2010与ANSI/SVIA 1-2007的分析研究,阐述了2010版标准中许多修改内容是对2007版标准编辑性的修改,其目的是改善标准清晰度和一致性;实质性修改主要包括8项,其目的主要是适应安全性要求。同时也提出我国ATV产品在设计、配置和性能等方面面临的技术壁垒和安全技术改进方向,这对我国ATV产品出口美国和制定国家、行业标准具有重要指导意义。     

基于模糊-理想点法的海下采场顶板稳定性分析

为准确评价复杂地质条件下海下采场顶板的稳定性,提出将模糊数学中的隶属度与理想点法相结合的模型。针对海下采场的特殊地质条件,综合考虑水文地质因素、工程地质因素、采场结构因素以及其他因素4个方面,选取9个评价指标。通过对指标进行隶属度化处理,由变异系数法确定指标权重,建立顶板分级模型。最后,根据三山岛金矿5个采场现场调查以及室内试验获得的指标数据,应用该模型对顶板稳定级别进行评判。结果表明,该模型的评判等级结果与工程实际相符,从而验证模型可用于海下采场顶板的稳定性分析。     

Runoff variation affected by precipitation change and human activity in Hailiutu River basin,China

For recent years,runoff generation and hydrological processes in Hailiutu River basin have been greatly changed by climate change and human activity,especially water and soil conservation construction.In this study,the trends in precipitation,evapotranspiration(ET)and river runoff as well as the effects of precipitation change and human activity on runoff variation have been studied.The results showed that during 1960-2000,annual precipitation and river runoff,monthly precipitation and ET in September and October as well as monthly runoff in all months showed a significant decrease.In addition,peak flow and base flow had a large decrease.Under the joint influence of precipitation change and human activity,the mean annual runoff decreased by 35 million m3 from the baseline period(1960-1985)to the change period(1986-2000),which accounted for 60.9%and 39.1%of the total runoff decrease,respectively.Precipitation change played a primary role in the decrease of annual runoff whereas human activity,particularly water and soil conservation construction,also had remarkable impacts on runoff variation.     

基于GM（1,1）模型的秦皇岛市大气污染物SO2预测

根据2004—2009年大气中SO2污染物的监测数据,通过灰色GM(1,1)模型预测了未来6年秦皇岛市大气中SO2的变化趋势。结果显示,灰色系统GM(1,1)模型合理,精度较高,相对误差为-1.875%～1.228%,与环保部门公布的数据吻合程度较好。