KOH活化鱼鳞基生物炭的制备及其对VOCs的高效吸附去除研究

以废弃生物质罗非鱼鱼鳞为原料,用 KOH一步炭化活化法制备了鱼鳞基多孔生物炭,并借助 XRD、SEM、FTIR及 Boehm等方法对所制备生物炭的孔隙结构、形貌特征及表面化学性质进行表征 .结果表明：650 ℃条件下制备的生物炭（FSBC-1）表面含有最多的含氧基团,其中酚羟基含量为 0.3102 mmol·g^-1,而 850 ℃条件下制备的生物炭（FSBC-3）具备最高的比表面积(3370 m²·g^-1)和孔容(1.91 cm³·g^-1). 静态吸附实验表明,所制备生物炭对非极性分子甲苯的吸附过程符合 Langmuir模型,而 n-layer BET 模型能更好地描述材料对极性分子丙酮的吸附 .298 K条件下,FSBC-3 对 3 kPa 甲苯的吸附量高达 12.75 mmol·g^-1,对 20 kPa 丙酮的吸附量达 16.74 mmol·g^-1. 动态吸附实验和机理分析表明,对于低浓度VOCs,所制备生物炭对非极性分子甲苯的穿...     

Economic and Environmental Analysis of Retrofitting a Large Office Building with Energy-Efficient Lighting Systems

An evaluation of the economic and environmental costs and benefits that would result if the Zorinsky Federal Building, located in Omaha, Nebraska, USA, converted its current lighting system to a more energy-efficient system (i.e., joined the EPA's Green Lights Program) was conducted. Lighting accounts for 20–25 percent of all electricity sold in the United States. Costs considered in the study included the cost of retrofitting the building's existing lighting system and the cost of disposal of the current lamps and ballast fixtures. Benefits included a reduction of electric utility costs and a reduction of emissions of SO₂, NO _x , CO₂, and CO from electric utility power plants. Environmental and health issues for air pollutant emissions were also addressed. The results showed that significant reductions in utility bills as well as reductions in air emissions would result from a major building converting to a more energy efficient lighting system. The results showed that conversion of this large building would reduce SO₂ emissions by 14.6 tons/yr and NO _x emissions by 6.3 tons/yr. In addition, the conversion would reduce annual energy costs by approximately $114,000.     

高效无囊过滤器在热电厂水处理中的应用

结合吉林油田热电厂YN-高效过滤器存在的问题,将YN-高效过滤器改造成Gxw-高效无囊过滤器,解决了原系统存在的生水处理能力小、出水浊度大、过滤设备反洗自用水量大的问题,保证了生水系统及后续水处理设备的正常运行,且节水、节能,效益显著。     

Decolorization of Blue CL-BR dye by AOPs using bleach wastewater as source of H2O2

This research was focused on the investigation of the efficacy of advanced oxidation processes (Fenton,ozonation and UV/H_2O_2) for decolorization of reactive azo dye (Blue CL-BR) using bleach wastewater as possible source of H_2O_2.All the experiments were performed on the laboratory scale set-up.The results showed that colour removal efficiencies by UV or bleach (H_2O_2) alone were not so efficient.Fenton process with bleach wastewater was found to be the most effective at process conditions such as pH of 3 and H_2O_2/Fe~(2 ) ratio of 24:1,resulting in 64% colour removal.Almost complete colour removal,i.e.,99% and 95% were achieved by UV/H_2O_2 and UVfoleach wastewater in 30 and 60 min,respectively.Ozonation proved an efficient method for decolorization of Blue CL-BR dye at alkaline pH.It was possible to achieve 98% colour removal with 30 min of ozonation at pH 9.The colour removal of dye was found to follow first order kinetics.     

活性黑5高效脱色菌的固定化及其脱色特性研究

采用海藻酸钙包埋法固定活性黑5高效脱色菌,通过正交试验确定固定化的最优条件,考察了pH、温度、初始染料浓度和重复利用次数等因素对固定化菌体脱色特性的影响,同时通过投加固定化颗粒处理模拟染料废水研究其生物强化作用。结果表明,最优固定化条件为海藻酸钠浓度3%,CaCl2浓度2%,菌体量与包埋剂量之比2:1;固定化颗粒对染料脱色的最适pH为8左右,最适温度为30℃,具有耐低温、染料浓度耐受极限高和可重复利用等特性,但在强碱性、高温和重复利用多次后,其机械强度降低;固定化菌体对以葡萄糖为外加碳源的染料废水的脱色效果较好,且浓度以1 g/L为宜,在厌氧污泥反应器中投加固定化颗粒对染料去除效率有所提高。     

兼氧接触氧化与土地渗滤联合处理农村污水的研究

采用兼氧接触氧化与土地渗滤联合处理工艺对农村混合污水进行了试验.结果表明,系统对污染物有良好的去除效果.在进水COD 397～564 mg/L条件下,兼氧接触氧化水力停留时间为24 h时COD去除率大于75%;经过土地渗滤系统处理,在0.02 m3/(m2·d)的水力负荷下,COD去除率大于60%,氨氮、总磷的去除率大于99%.     

用铁泥制备高效无机絮凝剂聚硅酸铁及其絮凝性能研究

研究了以铁泥、硅酸钠为原料，制备高效絮凝剂聚硅酸铁（PSF）的方法，确定了合理的生产工艺和操作条件。并对絮凝剂PSF处理工业废水的絮凝性能进行了研究，探讨了PSF处理工业废水的反应机理。结果表明，PSF具有良好的絮凝性能，是一种比聚合硫酸铁（PFS）性能更优良的絮凝剂。     

河北丰宁坝上高原寒区抗灾补墒灌溉基本途径

我国是世界上高原众多的国家,高原面上土地资源丰富,而长期干旱缺水困扰高原农业的发展,当前生产水平低。“八五”期间采用半移动式喷灌获得成功,粮食单产可从现在的每公顷７５０ｋｇ,提高到５２５０ｋｇ,大多数作物品种一年便可收回投资成本。巨大的增产潜力,对于我国粮食生产供应态势趋紧具有特殊意义。     

高效原油降解菌筛选驯化实验研究

由含油废水原有微生物种群中分离出纯种菌株，通过纯种菌株的单一菌种降解性能实验，混合菌株垢正交性能实验，筛选出7种高效原油降解菌（包括芽孢杆菌属，黄杆菌属，黄单胞菌属，和假单胞菌属），其中芽孢杆菌属降解原油能力最强，对于18．4mg/L的含油废水，降解去除率高达94％－95％，实验还表明，单种菌株降解原油的能力比混合菌株要好。     

微生物胞外电子传递过程强化机制及污染物高效转化

微生物水处理技术因运行成本低、处理量大、环境影响小等优点,被广泛的用于市政污水和工业废水的处理.微生物水处理的本质过程是生物催化氧化,涉及不同微生物种群间物质、能量和电子传输过程,而微生物胞外电子传递过程是影响其处理效率的关键因素之一.本研究立足于微生物氧化的原理,从介体材料强化、光电磁强化及微生物电化学强化等角度,系统论述了铁基材料、碳基材料、光、电、磁等对微生物电子传递过程的影响与机制.在此基础上,本论文总结了微生物电化学系统原理,分析了该系统中各类强化材料、强化技术对微生物胞外电子传递的影响,揭示了强化条件下污染物高效转化的作用机制,介绍了基于各种强化原理的系统构建因素及应用现状,并展望了该技术的发展趋势及存在的挑战.