Thermal rehabilitation of Romanian housing: a low cost assessment tool

The numerous buildings that currently require thermal rehabilitation in Romania means that substantial resources and a large number of competent people are required to carry out surveys and energy audits. However, commercial energy balance software is mostly unaffordable for those organisations involved in this process. This paper describes an energy balance programme – ENEFControl – developed to be a rapid, low cost, local tool able to assist in the choice of energy efficient solutions for buildings. To test the software, thermal and energy analyses were carried out on a 1970s built apartment block in Transylvania. Based on these analyses, three constructive scenarios were proposed for thermal rehabilitation. Compared to the performance of the analysed building, the thermal and energy performance of the retrofitted building in all three scenarios significantly improved. Since European Union accession in 2007, rapidly rising energy costs have affected the Romanian population. ENEFControl offers Romanian engineers and architects an opportunity to speed up the rehabilitation programme of buildings without the need for more expensive expertise and tools.     

A framework to minimise total energy consumption and total tardiness on a single machine

A great amount of energy is wasted in industry by machines that remain idle due to underutilisation. A way to avoid wasting energy and thus reducing the carbon print of an industrial plant is to consider minimisation of energy consumption objective while making scheduling decisions. To minimise energy consumption, the decision maker has to decide the timing and length of turn off/turn on operation (a setup) and also provide a sequence of jobs that minimises the scheduling objective, assuming that all jobs are not available at the same time. In this paper, a framework to solve a multiobjective optimisation problem that minimises total energy consumption and total tardiness is proposed. Since total tardiness problem with release dates is an NP‐hard problem, a new greedy randomised multiobjective adaptive search metaheuristic is utilised to obtain an approximate pareto front (i.e. an approximate set of non‐dominated solutions). Analytical Hierarchy Process is utilised to determine the ‘best’ alternative among the solutions on the pareto front. The proposed framework is illustrated in a case study. It is shown that a wide variety of dispersed solutions can be obtained via the proposed framework, and as total tardiness decreases, total energy consumption increases.     

全国碳市场启动后北京热电行业低碳运行管理方式研究

随着四大热电中心的建成投产,北京市完成了由燃机替代煤机的转变,实现了更加智能化的清洁能源发电供热。2013年北京市碳市场启动运行,给刚起步的燃气供热机组运行赋予了更广阔和更深远的意义;2017年12月19日,以发电行业为突破口,全国碳排放交易体系正式启动,北京市热电行业低碳运行管理意义重大而深远。本文以燃气热电联产机组运行数据为基础,通过计算分析,提出燃气热电联产机组清洁、高效、低碳运行方式,为全国碳市场启动后,北京乃至全国热电行业低碳运行管理提供经验借鉴。     

新型稠油原油污水高效破乳剂-PAMAM树形分子

通过保护与反保护的方法,合成了PAMAM稠油原污水高效破乳剂。探讨了原油废水的 pH值、温度,以及不同 PAMAM代数对稠油原油污水破乳效果的影响。联合无机高分子絮凝剂得了更好的效果。现场试验表明,PAMAM树形分子是一类性能优良的原油污水破乳剂。     

资源丰度和资源有效空间——中国农业资源丰度综合估算方法的探讨

开展资源丰度的研究，关键在于找到多种资源综合可比的计算单位和计算方法。本文以中国主要农业资源为例，探讨了一种以净产值为基础估算农牧林渔资源量的方法，并按一个年度的基数值计算了各地区单位面积农业资源的平均丰度。然后，以全国平均丰度值为１，计算出各地区的平均丰度比，再换算为各地区的农业资源有效面积。     

用氧化铝厂赤泥制备高效混凝剂聚硅酸铁铝

研究了以氧化铝厂赤泥为原料,在常压通氧条件下,用稀硫酸浸取制备高效混凝剂聚硅酸铁铝（PSAF）的方法,确定了合理的生产工艺和操作条件。该混凝剂用于处理工业废水,并与聚合硫酸铁（PFS）的处理效果比较,CODCr和色度去除率分别提高约20％和28％,SS去除率提高约10％,同时,探讨了该混凝剂处理废水的反应机理。     

进口高效菌用于青藏铁路污水处理应急保障的可行性研究

青藏铁路沿线污水处理安全运营保障体系中,应急状态下需要大量的接种备用活性污泥。在实验室研究基础上,考察了进口高效菌低温低压条件下对污染物的处理能力,最后将其应用到拉萨污水处理厂实际工程。实验室研究及实际对比实验结果表明,高效菌在低温低压下的处理性能和青藏高原实际的活性污泥性能基本相当,如与微生物固定化技术结合使用,可大大增加强化生化处理的效果。进口高效菌具有微生物活性高、培养时间短、保存携带方便,能快速提升生化系统处理能力的优点,可满足青藏线污水处理设施应急状态下处理能力快速提升和安全稳定运行的需要。     

黄河三角洲高效生态区生态补偿制度研究

实施生态补偿制度是保障黄河三角洲高效生态区可持续发展的基础。该文在明晰黄河三角洲高效生态区生态补偿原则和利益相关方各自的责任和义务的基础上,提出并设计了黄河三角洲高效生态区生态补偿平台建设思路和生态补偿运行机制。生态补偿平台建设主要包括:建立由政府主导的生态补偿交易市场平台;建立以生态补偿保险、生态补偿期货、互助基金、证券化交易为主要内容的生态补偿风险保障平台;建立以相关独立认证和监测(检测)、资产评估、审计、代理等机构组成的生态补偿交易中介服务平台;建立生态补偿监管平台。生态补偿运行机制需要将法制建设、财政扶持、税收调节和保障措施等系统化:推进《生态补偿法》、《黄河三角洲高效生态区补偿协定》的制定;完善并建立中央财政转移支付、财政转移制度纵向化、"环境财政"等制度;改革创新区域或专项税收制度;构建完备的生态补偿评估、考核、监督管理体系,等等。     

油气田开发水资源高效利用探

在油气田开发过程中,尤其是干旱缺水地区,处理好生产用水与产出废水之间的关系是油气田企业可持续发展的重要问题。油气田开发水资源高效利用的最终目的是减少淡水的消耗量,主要体现在新鲜水的合理使用及产出废水的回收再利用两个方面。提出应以产出废水为生产水源,研发适合其水质特征的工作液体系,实现产出废水"免处理"再利用;建立油气田开发水管理体系,根据水的不同用途,科学调配新鲜水和产出废水,实现水资源的高效利用。     

火焰原子吸收法测定清洁水中痕量铜铅锌镉——高效富集

采用高效富集技术,以火焰原子吸收法测定清洁水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉,满足日常分析要求。火焰原子吸收法测定重金属具有快速、准确、干扰少的优点。但因其灵敏度不够无法直接测定清洁水中痕量元素。将高效富集技术,引用火焰法可以测定清洁水中痕量重金属,此法操作简便,易于掌握,免去萃取富集的繁琐操作,避免使用有毒有害有机溶剂,克服无火焰原子吸收法灵敏度差的缺点,减少操作沾污,提高测量准确度。是一种可靠的分析方法。