Efficient management capacity evaluation of tourism in protected areas

Despite the increasing number of protected areas around the world and their importance in the conservation of species and ecosystems, protected areas management capacity remains difficult to evaluate. A standard is needed to help policy makers compare the goals with the results obtained. This empirical research builds a tool to analyze the management efficiency and predicts the new touristic outcomes in case of a policy change. Using as example the state parks agencies in the USA, this paper develops a technological frontier using data envelopment analysis based on the Protected Areas Management Approach. After that, a prediction of the outcomes is analyzed with a budget change for any state park agency. Data suggest that many of them need to improve their performance to be more efficient. Another result obtained shows how budget changes will affect each agency's performance in different degrees and, therefore, budget reductions should be modeled separately.     

高效降解黑臭废水细菌的筛选及鉴定

以筛选出能够高效降解黑臭废水的更多细菌为目的,从不同重污染水体和底泥中筛选获得了多种细菌,并对其降解能力进行检测。净化实验结果表明,筛选出的50多株细菌中有12株对废水COD有明显的降解效果,降解率在45%以上;有4株菌对废水氨氮有明显的降解效果,降解率在30%以上,其中4号菌株对COD和氨氮都有很高的降解能力。经16SrRNA基因鉴定,4号菌株为不动杆菌属,由单因子优化实验得出4号菌株生长的最适条件为:温度30℃,pH7.5,转速180r/min,培养时间为22h时,微生物达到稳定期。在此条件下,4号菌株对自然黑臭废水COD和氨氮的降解率可达到92%和72%。     

Removal of heavy metals using waste eggshell

The removal capacity of toxic heavy metals by the reused eggshell was studied.As a pretreatment process for the preparation of reused material from waste eggshell,calcination was performed in the furnace at 800℃for 2 h after crushing the dried waste eggshell.Calcination behavior,qualitative and quantitative elemental information,mineral type and surface characteristics before and after calcination of eggshell were examined by thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA),X-ray fluorescence (XRF),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),respectively.After calcination,the major inorganic composition was identified as Ca(lime, 99.63%)and K,P and Sr were identified as minor components.When calcined eggshell was applied in the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing heavy metals,a complete removal of Cd as well as above 99% removal of Cr was observed after 10 min. Although the natural eggshell had some removal capacity of Cd and Cr,a complete removal was not accomplished even after 60 min due to quite slower removal rate.However,in contrast to Cd and Cr,an efficient removal of Pb was observed with the natural eggshell rather than the calcined eggshell.From the application of the calcined eggshell in the treatment of real electroplating wastewater, the calcined eggshell showed a promising removal capacity of heavy metal ions as well as had a good neutralization capacity in the treatment of strong acidic wastewater.     

Copper biosorption on immobilized seaweed biomass： Column breakthrough characteristics

The biosorption of copper by the brown seaweed Sargassum baccularia,immobilized onto polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)gel beads, was investigated with fixed-bed experiments.Laboratory-scale column tests were performed to determine breakthrough curves with varying flow rates and feed concentrations.A theoretical fixed-bed model,known as the Bohart-Adams equation,was evaluated in simulating the experimental breakthrough curves.The Bohart-Adams model qualitatively predicted the breakthrough trends.PVA- immobilized seaweed biomass beads were amenable to efficient regeneration with aqueous solution containing the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA).The biosorbent retained most of its original uptake capacity over three cycles of use.The excellent reusability of the biosorbent could lead to the development of a viable metal remediation technology.     

高校科学管理的几点思考

高校深入学习实践科学发展观活动的开展，要求在加强教育教学管理工作中逐步确立科学发展观，以系统的管理理论为基础，坚持以人为本、凸显观念创新和机构创新的管理思想，切实提高高校党政领导驾御全局、领导学校可持续快速发展的能力。     

高效吸附剂（RCA）在处理焦化废水BaP中的应用

本文研究了高效吸附剂（RCA）和絮凝剂联合使用处理焦化废水，摸索出处理焦化废水中3,4苯并（a）芘（BaP）的最佳pH值、时间、温度、吸附剂和絮凝剂的用量。     

交通运输业碳排放效率时空演变及趋势预测

为探索周围邻域对交通运输业碳排放效率演变的影响,分析了交通运输业碳排放效率的时空演变特征,并对其长期演变趋势进行预测.首先,采用超效率SBM模型测度我国30个省份的交通运输业碳排放效率,利用核密度估计方法分析其随时间演变的特征;其次,构建传统与空间马尔可夫概率转移矩阵进一步分析了交通运输业碳排放效率的时空演变特征;最后,针对不同类型的省份提出相关建议.结果表明：(1)交通运输业碳排放效率的平均水平低于0.6,但呈逐年递增的趋势,且区域差异逐渐缩小.(2)各省份交通运输业碳排放效率至少有71%的概率维持原有状态,且短期内难以实现跨阶段转移.(3)地理空间格局影响交通运输业碳排放效率的演变过程,当某省份与碳排放效率高的省份相邻时,转移到高效率的概率增加,而与碳排放效率低的省份相邻时则相反.此外,在空间溢出效应的影响下,交通运输业碳排放效率的演变逐渐呈现“俱乐部收敛”的趋势.(4)从长期演变趋势来看,各省份交通运输业碳排放效率向高水平转移的可能性增大,呈现出由低到高递增的态势,同时“俱乐部收敛”现象逐渐消失.     

紧急避险设施内一氧化碳气体吸附性能研究

紧急避险设施作为灾变情况下为井下人员提供安全避险的密闭空间,要求能够对空间内部的有毒有害气体进行及时处理。针对井下密闭空间内部一氧化碳气体的吸附处理问题,采用北京科技大学避险技术研究中心的地面模拟救生舱作为实验平台,以实验为基本手段,对两种药剂A、B在不同药剂量、风量的情况下进行去除效率的对比实验,并测定环境湿度对药剂性能的影响,确定一氧化碳药剂的最佳吸附条件,以达到提高去除效率的目的。最终得出药剂A以全风量条件下4kg时吸附效果为最佳,药剂B以全风量条件下8kg时吸附效果为最佳,湿度对一氧化碳药剂的吸附效率有显著影响,需配合干燥剂使用。     

孔腐蚀损伤对LY12CZ铝合金疲劳寿命的影响研究

对Kt=3．0的LY12CZ铝合金疲劳试验件的中心孔进行加速腐蚀,经3次不同腐蚀时间后取样,用KH-7700型三维数字显微镜检测腐蚀坑,获得了包括长、宽、深、表面积和体积的三雏形貌。通过疲劳试验,获得不同腐蚀损伤下试件的S-N曲线;通过理论推导得到了孔边在不同腐蚀损伤下的有效应力集中系数。建立了腐蚀损伤量与孔边有效应力集中系数增量之间的关系,使得在已知腐蚀损伤的情况下可以更直接地获得疲劳寿命。     

紫外诱导高效降解菌处理生活污水的实验研究

由武汉某生活污水受纳水体的底泥中筛选分离得到生活污水降解菌,并经紫外诱导后投加到生活污水中进行处理.结果发现,在紫外线诱导下,该降解菌在3 min和5 min时,紫外致死率分别达到85％和90％;经紫外诱导后分离的两株突变菌,对TN的降解率分别提高到61.21％和63.89％,对TP的降解率分别提高到93.06％和93...