有机硒多糖对铬致小鼠细胞DNA损伤与氧化损伤的保护作用

采用单细胞凝胶电泳技术研究了富硒金针菇中提取的硒多糖对铬致小鼠骨髓细胞DNA损伤的保护作用,进而通过考察小鼠内源性脂质过氧化的抑制作用进一步探究硒多糖的生物活性.结果表明:硒多糖在硒含量为0.0244～0.0650μg.mL-1范围内,随浓度和在小鼠体内作用时间的增加,骨髓细胞尾长和尾矩与对照组相比都有显著下降;对小鼠内源性脂质过氧化的抑制作用随浓度的升高而增强,与对照组相比有显著差异.硒多糖作为有机硒对铬致细胞DNA损伤和脂质过氧化均有保护作用,可为新型有机硒补剂的开发和有机硒在食品、药品以及预防科学领域的应用提供科学的理论依据.     

东方伊萨酵母降解染料蛋白质组的双向电泳条件优化

利用双向凝胶电泳技术分离东方伊萨酵母Issatchenkia orientalis降解染料活性艳红K-2BP前后细胞内总蛋白质,并比较不同样品处理方法、不同上样量以及不同染色方法等对电泳结果的影响,进而获得较优的分离染料降解相关蛋白的双向凝胶电泳条件.在3种样品处理方法中,单纯超声波破碎,超声波-TCA/丙酮沉淀,超声...     

Bacterial community composition and abundance in leachate of semi-aerobic and anaerobic landfills

Different municipal solid waste landfill methods and landfill ages had crucial impacts on bacterial abundance and composition in leachate.     

甲磺隆除草剂的测定方法及其吸附行为研究

采用批量平衡法系统研究了甲磺隆除草剂在几种土壤（熟化红壤、砖红壤性红壤、红筋泥、砖红壤）和矿物（高岭石、针铁矿、和Ca²⁺、Al³⁺、Cu²⁺单离子饱和蒙脱石）上的吸附行为.建立了硼酸-硼砂缓冲液体系的毛细管电泳测定甲磺隆的分析方法.甲磺隆在本实验条件下能够与土壤中的杂质达到基线分离,迁移时间为4.6 min.对比实验表明,毛细管电泳法测定甲磺隆与高效液相色谱法具有一致性.然而,毛细管电泳法能显著节省测试时间和成本,在本类吸附实验研究中具有很好的应用价值.吸附实验数据分析表明甲磺隆的吸附行为都可以用Freundlich模型描述,矿物和土壤的K_f值分别在0.82～199.69和1.97～10.48范围.在几种影响甲磺隆吸附的因素中,pH的影响作用最为显著,说明静电作用可能是甲磺隆在土壤及矿物上吸附的主要机理.     

Effects of cultivation conditions on the diversity of microbes involved in the conversion of rice straw to fodder

To confirm the optimum cultivation conditions for analyzing lactic acid bacterial communities and to provide the cultivation foundation for lactic acid bacterial communities that were used to convert straw into fodder, fermented rice straw was inoculated into 13 different broths. After 48 h of cultivation, pH values, volatile products, and microbial diversity were analyzed. Except for LAB broth, the pH values of the other broths could decrease to approximately 4.5. GC/MS analysis showed that lactic acid in Tomato MRS broth, MRS broth, LAB broth, and Tomato juice broth was higher than that in the other broths. DNA concentration analysis showed that the counts of microbes in Tomato MRS broth were 2.5 times of those in other broths and that tomato juice favored the reproduction of the microbes. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） analysis showed that the number of lactic acid bacterial species in HYA broth, Tomato juice broth, and Tomato MRS broth were higher than those in the other broths.     

Community analysis of ammonia and nitrite oxidizers in start-up of aerobic granular sludge reactor

A lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was setup and the aerobic granular sludge was successfully incubated by using anaerobic granular sludge as seed sludge. Nitrogen was partially removed by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) via nitrite with free ammonia (FA) of about 10 mg/L. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method was used to investigate community structure of α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and Nitrospira populations during start-up. The population sizes of bacteria, AOB and Nitrospira were examined using real-time PCR method. The analysis of community structure and Shannon index showed that stable structure of AOB population was obtained at the day 35, while the communities of α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, and Nitrospira became stable after day 45. At stable stage, the average cell densities were 1.1×1012, 2.2×1010 and 1.0×1010 cells/L for bacteria, AOB and Nitrospira, respectively. The relationship between characteristics of nitrifying bacteria community and nitrogenous substrate utilization constant was discussed by calculating Pearson correlation. Certain correlation seemed to exist between population size, biodiversity, and degradation constant. And the influence of population size might be greater than that of biodiversity.     

HF-LLLME-CE法测定偶氮染料氧化降解生成的有机酸

采用纤维膜三相液相微萃取(HF-LLLME)和毛细管电泳技术,对偶氮染料氧化降解过程中可能产生的小分子羧酸甲酸、乙酸、草酸、乳酸、丁二酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸进行了测定。以pH值为7.2的230 mmol/L磷酸二氢钠、115 mmol/L四硼酸钠和0.5 mmol/L十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)溶液为缓冲液,分离电压-12 kV,检测波长200 nm的条件下,10 min内达到基线分离。三相液相微萃取以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为有机相,供体相pH为2.5,接收相pH为12.0,萃取时间为45 min,将萃取接收相直接进行毛细管电泳(CE)测定,富集倍数在7~67之间。样品相中7种有机酸的质量浓度在5 mg/L~1 000 mg/L的范围内与电泳峰面积呈良好线性(r2>0.999 1),方法的检出限为0.09 mg/L~0.54 mg/L。运用该法对TiO2光催化降解偶氮染料过程中产生的有机酸进行测定,检测到的4种羧酸的投加回收率在93%~110%之间。     

大庆聚驱后油藏内源微生物群落结构解析与分布特征研究

利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)技术和主成分分析法(principal component analysis,PCA)解析了大庆油田聚驱后油藏的细菌和古菌群落结构组成及分布特征.结果表明,注水井中的细菌主要以好氧的假单胞菌属和不动杆菌属为主,注水井近井地带以兼性厌氧的肠杆菌属为主,各采油井中的细菌则包括陶厄氏菌属、梭菌纲、假单胞菌属、油杆菌属及大量的未培养细菌;各注水井及注水井近井地带检测到的古菌主要是乙酸型产甲烷的甲烷鬃菌,各采油井中古菌则以甲烷微菌属、甲烷螺菌属及甲烷杆菌属等为主.总体上,该聚驱区块从注水井到采油井,细菌优势菌群依次呈好氧细菌-兼性厌氧细菌-严格厌氧细菌分布;古菌的分布受环境因素及微生物代谢产物影响,注水井和采油井中的优势菌群差异显著.     

Mineral nutrient imbalance, DNA lesion and DNA-protein crosslink involved in growth retardation of Vicia faba L. seedlings exposed to lanthanum ions

Effects of mineral nutrient imbalance, DNA lesion and DNA-protein crosslink on growth of Vicia faba L. seedlings hydroponically cultivated in concentrations of extraneous lanthanum (La) for 20 days were investigated in the present experiment. The results showed that contents of La, Cu or K elements in roots generally changed synchronously with those in leaves, while Ca, Fe, Zn, Mg, Mn or P in the roots altered inversely to those in the leaves. Thus, the extraneous La led to redistribution and imbalance of mineral nutrient elements in the roots and leaves. DNA lesion and DNA-protein crosslink were investigated by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate/potassium (SDS/K⁺) precipitation methods, respectively. The results demonstrated that the increasing La induced DNA break and DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) in the seedlings. These results suggested that mineral nutrient imbalance, DNA lesion and DNA-protein crosslink were involved in the growth retardation and growth alteration of the seedlings, which may help to understand the mechanisms of rare earth elements (REEs) on plant growth.     

Methanogenic community dynamics in anaerobic co-digestion of fruit and vegetable waste and food waste

A lab-scale continuously-stirred tank reactor (CSTR), used for anaerobic co-digestion of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) and food waste (FW) at different mixture ratios, was operated for 178 days at the organic loading rate of 3 kg VS (volatile solids)/(m³.day). The dynamics of the Archaeal community and the correlations between environmental variables and methanogenic community structure were analyzed by polymerase chain reactions - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and redundancy analysis (RDA), respectively. PCR-DGGE results demonstrated that the mixture ratio of FVW to FW altered the community composition of Archaea. As the FVW/FW ratio increased, Methanoculleus, Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina became the predominant methanogens in the community. Redundancy analysis results indicated that the shift of the methanogenic community was significantly correlated with the composition of acidogenic products and methane production yield. Different mixture ratios of substrates led to different compositions of intermediate metabolites, which may affect the methanogenic community. These results suggested that the analysis of microbial communities could be used to diagnose anaerobic processes.