钙基物料在砖坯烧制过程中固氟特性的研究

提出添加适量钙基物料抑制制砖中氟的逸出，对固氟机理进行了试验研究；并试验分析了钙基物料粒径、微孔结构、碱金属盐添加剂、制砖工艺对固氟性能的影响。在此基础上，进行了添加钙基物料的工业应用试验，砖存氟率由约25％增至70％以上，且对砖制品质量没有不利影响。     

石灰石对粉煤灰堆放场灰水及赤泥废水中氟离子吸附能力试验

利用石灰石对某粉煤灰堆放场灰水及某铝厂赤泥废水中的氟离子进行模拟吸附试验.分别从石灰石对氟离子的吸附量、F-浓度、pH及总硬度四个方面,分析石灰石对可溶性氟的吸附能力.结果表明,石灰石对中性水质中可溶性氟有较强吸附能力,而对强碱性水质中的可溶性氟的吸附能力微弱.这一结论可为地下水氛污染防治提供理论基础.     

煤燃烧过程中有机钙固氟效果研究

选择醋酸钙镁、醋酸钙2种有机钙为固氟剂,在固定床管式炉上对它们的固氟效果进行了初步研究,并分析了粒径、温度、钙硫比等对试验结果的影响.通过与传统固氟剂碳酸钙的固氟效果进行比较发现:在相同实验条件下,这2种有机钙具有良好的固氟效果,高温阶段效果更加明显,温度为1 000～1 100℃时,醋酸钙镁的固氟率是碳酸钙的1.68～1.74倍,醋酸钙的固氟率为碳酸钙的1.28～1.37倍.     

离子选择性电极法对氟离子吸附反应动力学的研究

尝试建立了一种利用双离子选择性电极法测定土壤对氟离子吸附动力学的新方法.     

离子筛与醋酸纤维素混合超滤膜的制备及降氟性能

在超滤膜制备过程中，向铸膜液中引入亲氟物质———水合氧化镧，经熟化后制备的混合超滤膜具有分离大分子和降低水体中氟离子浓度两种功能．以含氟饮用水为研究对象，对其混合膜的降氟机理进行了探讨．     

负载型稀土复合氧化物燃烧催化剂的失活研究

本文探讨了负载型稀土复合氧化物燃烧催化剂在使用过程中失活的主要特征.通过XRD,TEM,BET比表面测定及不同使用期的活性测定.证实催化剂在使用后的4—8个月内,烧结是失活的主因;而XPS谱显示硫中毒有积累性,以SO_4~(2-)形式沉积于催化剂表面,构成了燃烧催化剂后期失活的主要因素.由于催化燃烧反应在较高的温度下进行,并充分供氧,所以积炭引起失活的可能性较小,这可以从孔容数据和一些电镜照片中得到证实.     

氟与健康的环境流行病学研究

氟是与机体健康密切相关的微量生命元素,原生环境中氟过量或缺乏均会导致机体产生疾病。氟对人类健康的影响已成为全球性的环境健康问题。综合国内外近年来的相关资料,作者概述了环境生态系物质中氟的含量、分布及化学行为,阐述了氟对机体的健康效应,分析了我国地氟病的现状,并指出了今后在氟与健康研究领域中应关注的问题。     

Evaluation of Public Housing Lead Risk Assessment Data

A unique data set from lead risk assessments performed on 67 public housing developments from across the United States was made available for analyzes. The data set includes results of lead analysis from 5906 dust wipes and from 1222 soil samples. A total of 487 dwelling units in these developments, as well as associated common areas, were sampled, all by the same team of inspectors. The number of dwelling units within a development that were sampled reflected the guidelines then in force, the 1990 Interim HUD Guidelines, rather than those specified in the 1995 Guidelines. Median dust lead loadings for floors, 151gm^–2 (14gft^–2), and window sills, 936gm^–2 (87gft^–2), were much less than former HUD limits of 1076gm^–2 (100gft^–2) and 5380gm^–2 (500gft^–2), respectively and are only about one-third of the recently established limits of 431gm^–2 (40gft^–2) and 2690gm^–2 (250gft^–2). In contrast, the median lead loading for window troughs, 8560gm^–2 (795gft^–2), was almost identical to the HUD clearance limit of 8610gm^–2 (800gft^–2). There was a strong positive correlation between floor and window trough lead loading values for samples from the same dwelling units and those from common areas of the housing developments. Door threshold samples, which may reflect conditions exterior to the dwelling unit, were collected from 53 dwelling units. Median lead loading levels of these samples were more than ten times higher than those in floor samples from the same dwelling units, were about the same as window sill samples and about one-half of levels in window trough samples. Composite sample results, simulated by averaging results from four samples within a dwelling unit, revealed that in order to have the same rate of excedence of standards, the composite standards would have to be reduced, for example, from the single sample value of 1076gm^–2 (100gft^–2) to 527gm^–2 (49gft^–2) for floor samples and from the single sample value of 8610gm^–2 (800gft^–2) to 5160gm^–2 (479gft^–2) for window troughs. For this public housing data set, the portion of the units in developments containing more than 225 units which exceeded the established limit for window samples was the same when using either the full data set or a random one-half of the data set. This suggests that, for this data set, the number of dwelling units sampled was excessive . Thus, the required increase in the number of dwelling units to be sampled specified in the 1995 Guidelines for developments with more than 225 dwelling units, may not have been necessary if this data set is representative of public housing developments in the United States.     

硅营养缓解水稻幼苗Cd、Cr毒害的生理研究

两系法杂交稻“培杂山青”和常规稻“双桂３６”幼苗经较高浓度的Ｃｄ２＋（ｃ＝９．６～３８．４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）或Ｃｒ３＋（ｃ＝７．５～２５．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）处理可使其叶片光合速率、叶绿素（ａ＋ｂ）含量、叶绿素ａ／ｂ比值、叶片可溶性糖、淀粉及可溶性蛋白质含量降低，而叶片的ＰＯＤ活性提高；低浓度Ｃｄ２＋（ｃ＝４．８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和Ｃｒ３＋（ｃ＝２．５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）处理幼苗对上述生理指标有提高作用，但ＰＯＤ活性稍降低．加Ｓｉ（Ｎａ２ＳｉＯ３）［ｃ（ＳｉＯ２）＝１．３３１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ］的Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ处理比不加Ｓｉ的Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ处理的幼苗叶片上述生理指标明显提高，且明显降低其ＰＯＤ活性．说明Ｓｉ在不同程度上起到缓解Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ对水稻幼苗的毒害作用．而ｃ（Ｃｒ３＋）＝２５．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ是“双桂３６”幼苗的致死浓度     

铝业含氟、沥青烟气净化回收研究及工程实践

应用沥青凝聚装置和静电回收净化技术 ,处理铝厂排出的含有氟、氟化物、沥青的烟气及粉尘 ,即能净化有害烟气又能回收有价值的工业原料。处理后的各项指标为 :粉尘排放浓度≤ 15 0mg/m3 ,沥青烟的排放浓度≤ 80mg/m3 ,氟化物的排放浓度≤ 11mg/m3 。