Relationship between herbaceous community distribution and soil environmental factors in the riparian zone of the Baiyangdian River Basin北大核心CSCD

Riparian zone vegetation is an important part of the riparian ecosystem and plays an important role in the riparian zone functioning. Herbs, which are one of the main types of riparian vegetation, are extremely sensitive to environmental changes and human activities and have become a hot spot of riparian vegetation research. In this study, the herbaceous communities of four representative rivers (Xiaoyi, Baohe, Fuhe, and Baigouyin River) entering Baiyangdian Lake in China were researched. The herbaceous species in their riparian zones were systematically investigated using the sample plot method. The Shannon-Wiener diversity (H’), Pielou evenness (J), and Patrick richness (R) indices were estimated to examine the species composition and diversity of the herb communities, following which redundancy analysis (RDA) was conducted. The relationship between species diversity, distribution patterns of herbaceous plant communities, and soil environmental factors in the riparian zone of the four rivers is discussed. (1) Eighty-three species of herbaceous plants belonging to 66 genera and 27 families in the riparian zone entering Baiyangdian Lake. Most herbaceous plants, including Poaceae, Compositae, and Chenopodiaceae, were weeds or associated plants. Riparian vegetation was greatly affected by human disturbance. (2) All the three estimated indices of the Xiaoyi, Baigouyin, and Fuhe rivers were better than those of the Baohe River. (3) The vegetation coverage and species diversity of riparian herbaceous communities were positively correlated with soil organic matter and water content but negatively correlated with pH, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. Therefore, these communities are conducive to the restoration of vegetation and the stability of biodiversity in the riparian core area to reduce the disturbance of human activities and increase humidity. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Cloning,expression, and functional identification of CaSWEET7 and CaSWEET15 genes in Canarium album北大核心CSCD

糖外排转运蛋白(sugars will eventually be exported transporters,SWEET)介导植物光合同化产物蔗糖的跨膜运输.以橄榄(Canarium album(Lour.)Raeusch.)果实为材料,通过气相色谱串联质谱(GC-MS)检测橄榄果实中糖组分及含量变化,利用RT-PCR技术克隆得到CaSWEET7和CaSWEET15基因开放阅读框(ORF)序列.结果表明:CaSWEET7和CaSWEET15基因ORF全长分别为774 bp和951 bp,分别编码长度为257个和316个氨基酸残基,具有2个MtN3_slv结构域;进化树分析表明,CaSWEET7属于CladeⅡ,CaSWEET15属于CladeⅢ.实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术检测其在不同发育时期的果实中相对表达量变化,结果表明,随着果实发育,CaSWEET7和CaSWEET15表达量逐渐递增,且与果实发育蔗糖含量变化呈显著正相关(相关性系数分别为0.931和0.904,P<0.05);利用酵母功能互补证明CaSWEET7和CaSWEET15基因编码的蛋白具有转运蔗糖能力.本研究表明CaSWEET7和CaSWEET15基因可能在橄榄果实蔗糖积累中发挥作用.(图9表2参44)     

Dynamic characteristics of woody plant regeneration in karst secondary forests in central Guizhou北大核心CSCD

Based on community data (2012, 2020) of the Tianlong Mountain evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest plot in central Guizhou, China, the species composition, importance value index, diversity, and dynamic changes were estimated to explore the renewal and change characteristics of karst secondary forests. The results showed that: (1) the number of individual species in the investigated two hm2 plot encompassing 33 families and 55 genera, totaling 69 species decreased from 10 276 to 7837. Five families, 10 genera, and 18 species were newly added, while seven families, nine genera, and 11 species disappeared. The difference between the importance value indices of the species was obvious; that of Lithocarpus confinis (20.97–23.26) was much higher than that of other species. Except for some species, the overall inter-annual differences were not large, and the status of mesophytic and shaded species has increased. Life forms were dominated by small trees and shrubs or small trees, and the plant number density of different life forms is reduced. (2) The Margalef and Shannon-Wiener indices of shrubs were the largest, and the Pielou indices of shrubs or small trees were the largest. The composition of most life forms has increased; the diversity became richer; and the uniform distribution of individual species has increased, but the change was small. (3) With respect to the spatial distribution pattern, the species were generally clustered, and only a few were randomly distributed. The Cx, I, m*, CA, and G indices of the species were reduced, and those of some species were quite different. A tendency for aggregated distribution was observed over random distribution, but the aggregation degree of Lithocarpus sphaerocephala was still high. The PAI index of most species increased but was not obvious, whereas the K value changed irregularly. Overall, the species composition, importance value index, diversity, and spatial distribution pattern of the main species in this community have changed to some extent but without any significant fluctuations. L. sphaerocephala was still the dominant species in succession, and the species composition of the flora was stable. The restoration of vegetation and the development of the entire community are slow. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

郑州市夏季大气VOCs污染特征及来源解析

采用GC5000在线气相色谱仪,于2019年和2020年夏季6~8月分别对郑州市城区中大气环境挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）进行监测,探究了VOCs的污染特征,并重点利用比值分析,PMF受体模型和条件概率函数（CPF）模型对比研究了其来源贡献.结果表明,2019年和2020年夏季ρ（VOCs）平均值分别为65.7 μg·m^-3和71.0μg·m^-3.2019年烷烃占比逐月变化幅度不大,占比在55%左右,芳香烃整体呈上升趋势,烯烃呈下降趋势;前10物种占总VOCs的65.5%,主要物种依次为异戊烷、乙烷、丙烷、甲苯、正丁烷和间/对-二甲苯等.2020年烷烃和烯烃占比呈逐月升高趋势,芳香烃呈逐月降低趋势;前10物种占总VOCs的71.1%,主要物种依次为乙烷、乙烯、丙烷、异戊烷、正丁烷、甲苯和间/对-二甲苯等.2019年夏季OFP平均值为224.9 μg·m^-3,其中芳香烃对OFP贡献率逐月升高,烯烃逐月降低;对OFP贡献的物种主要为间/对-二甲苯、异戊二烯、反式-2-丁烯、甲苯和乙烯等.2020年夏季OFP平均值为243.6 μg·m^-3,其中芳香烃对OFP贡献逐月降低,烯烃逐月升高;对OFP贡献的物种主要为乙烯、间/对-二甲苯、异戊二烯、甲苯和间-乙基甲苯等.PMF和CPF模型解析表明,2019年对VOCs贡献较大的是溶剂使用源和油气挥发源,贡献率分别为36.7%和25.1%,其对OFP贡献也较大,分别为39.9%和23.3%,需重点关注西南部区域.2020年对VOCs贡献较大的仍为溶剂使用源和油气挥发源,贡献率分别为24.9%和22.5%;对OFP贡献较大的为溶剂使用源和机动车尾气排放源,贡献率分别为33.6%和22.9%,需重点关注北部和南部区域.因此,今后应重点关注溶剂使用、机动车尾气排放和油气挥发源的排放,尤其监测点位的西南部、北部和东南部区域污染源.     

典型高原湿地底泥微生物对砷污染的响应

为了深入探讨典型高原湿地底泥微生物群落对砷胁迫的响应规律,通过砷添加(As浓度分别为0、100、150、300 mg·kg^-1,依次记为YZ1、YZ2、YZ3、YZ4)的淹水模拟湿地生境试验,利用高通量测序技术对样品中细菌16S rRNA的V3～V4区进行测序.结果显示,底泥中砷形态主要以专性吸附态砷（F2）和弱结晶度的铁铝水合氧化物结合态砷（F3）为主,且随着砷污染浓度的升高,活性态砷（F1、F2和F3）占比上升.砷污染会影响底泥微生物多样性和群落结构.与YZ1组相比,YZ2组在一定程度上刺激了砷敏感微生物的生长和繁殖,如拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）;YZ4组处理下明显抑制了该微生物生长,但会促进耐砷微生物生长,如厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和变形菌门（Proteobacteria）使其成为群落主导.同时,在属水平上,YZ4处理组中具有As（V）异化还原功能的地杆菌属（Geobacter）细菌的占比也较YZ1组有所上升.基于功能预测结果表明,与YZ1处理组相比,其它3个处理组中均降低了底泥细菌的功能.研究显示,砷胁迫下,影响了底泥细菌的群落组成.高...     

铜胁迫对小麦根系微域微生物群落的影响

小麦是我国主要的粮食作物,土壤重金属污染会严重威胁作物生长和粮食安全.大量研究表明根际微生物在调控作物发育和抗逆性方面具有非常重要的作用.因此,本研究通过高通量测序技术研究铜胁迫条件下小麦根际微生物群落的变化,从微生物学角度揭示铜污染胁迫对小麦根际的影响作用.采用盆栽培养试验对铜污染处理中小麦非根际、根际以及根内微生物进行测序后,分别比较小麦不同根系分区环境中的微生物群落结构和多样性.结果发现,所有处理中小麦的根内微生物多样性均显著（P<0.001）低于根际和非根际微生物多样性,表明根表作为微生物进入根内环境的门户,对根内微生物的定殖起着过滤和筛选的作用.铜污染胁迫降低了根际土环境中的微生物多样性,且差异显著（P<0.05）;而在非根际和根内环境中,尽管铜污染胁迫降低了对应根系分区中的微生物多样性,但差异不显著（P>0.05）.变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria）是小麦根际和非根际环境中的共有优势菌群,通过比较发现铜污染胁迫对这两种优势菌门的影响作用较小.另外,芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、假黄色单胞菌属（Pseudoxanthomonas）和鞘氨醇单胞菌属（Sphingomonas）等菌属具有较强的抗逆性,能够在铜污染胁迫下存活且能够为植物提供营养物质.     

Progress of the scientific expedition and research on farmland ecosystem and food security in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau北大核心CSCD

介绍第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究任务三生态系统与生态安全专题三“农田生态系统与粮食安全”科学考察背景、总体思路、研究内容、研究目标和取得的阶段性进展.该专题针对青藏高原地区农业生产中逐渐出现的局部农田生态系统结构失稳、功能失衡、地力衰退、作物品质下降、农残渐增等问题,在区域尺度上,从耕地肥力和土壤生物、农田植被、农业生产经营管理、作物产量品质和利用、农业气象条件等方面开展科学考察研究,在青藏高原农田生态系统相关生态环境参数的时空特征、分布规律与作物开发利用等考察研究方面取得阶段性重要进展,可为青藏高原农业生态系统可持续经营管理和粮食安全提供数据及科技支撑.(图1参90)     

城市水体微塑料垂向分布下附着细菌群落结构和功能响应

微塑料作为环境微生物的附着载体已经引起了世界范围内的广泛关注.然而,水环境中微塑料往往呈现垂向分布特征,附着的细菌群落结构和功能是否会随之产生变化仍少见报道.因此,选取了水环境中常见的微塑料聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)为研究对象,通过野外水体垂向暴露,结合高通量测序技术,探究微塑料垂向分布下附着的细菌群落结构变化和功能表达响应.结果表明,相较于PVC微塑料,附着于PET微塑料上的细菌群落α多样性更高;随着暴露水深的增加,附着于PET和PVC两种介质的细菌群落丰富度和多样性均随之增加,且深水条件下(90 cm),附着于两种微塑料的细菌α多样性指数均明显高于其在30 cm和60 cm的值.蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、变形菌门(Protobacteria)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)为PET和PVC附着细菌群落的优势物种.进一步分析发现,深水环境明显改变了附着于微塑料的细菌群落结构.相关功能预测表明,嘧啶代谢、氨基糖和核苷酸糖的代谢、淀粉和蔗糖代谢和酰胺生物合成代谢功能表达与水深深度呈正相关性;深水条件...     

小麦与不同作物多样化轮作对土壤真菌群落的影响

为明确华北平原冬小麦与不同作物多样化轮作下的土壤真菌群落差异,为生态可持续种植制度的构建和优化提供理论依据,采用实时荧光定量PCR和高通量测序技术研究了连续冬小麦-夏玉米M、冬小麦-夏花生(夏玉米)PM和冬小麦-夏大豆(夏玉米)SM轮作处理的土壤真菌群落丰度、组成和多样性.结果表明,与连续冬小麦-夏玉米处理相比,轮作花生PM2和大豆SM2处理显著降低了土壤真菌ITS序列拷贝数,轮作花生或大豆处理增加了土壤真菌群落丰富度和多样性.非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)结果显示,不同轮作茬口之间土壤真菌群落存在明显分离,轮作作物对土壤真菌群落结构的影响达显著水平.华北平原砂壤质潮土中不同作物轮作处理的土壤真菌群落均以Ascomycota为优势菌门,以Sordariomycetes和Eurotiomycetes为优势菌纲.不同轮作茬口土壤真菌群落组成存在差异显著的类群,Neocosmospora、Plectosphaerella和Gibellulopsis等潜在病原真菌在冬小麦-夏花生(夏玉米)轮作处理中显著富集,而Penicillium和Zopfiella等潜在有益真菌在冬小麦-夏大豆(夏玉米)轮...     

天津独流减河流域不同等级河流沉积物细菌区系及功能辨识

细菌群落对环境变化的敏感性较高,但在相似等级的生态条件下其代谢功能或具有趋同性.为探讨微生物群落的这种环境属性并验证其用于流域功能单元划分方面的可行性,本文以天津市独流减河流域上游汇水段河流表层沉积物为研究对象,从河道干流(MS)、左岸支流(LT)和右岸支流(RT)这3个连续的空间单元入手,研究沉积物中细菌的多样性、结构和功能代谢丰度,并探讨其作为流域功能单元划分关键因子的可行性.结果表明,不同等级河流沉积物之间细菌的Shannon指数和Simpson指数无显著差异(P>0.05),但Chao1、 Ace、 Observed＿species和PD＿whole＿tree指数均呈现支流显著高于干流的现象(P<0.05).细菌优势菌门的相对丰度在不同等级河流沉积物中差异不显著,但其功能代谢丰度则表现为干流显著高于支流(P<0.05),而不同支流之间差异不显著(P>0.05).本研究发现,除可交换态磷和硝态氮之外,其他理化性质在不同河流空间单元之间差异不显著,但pH和铁铝结合态磷显著影响了细菌群落的结构组成,有机质和总氮则与细菌功能代谢密切相关.研究同时发现,基于细菌代...