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991.
John Sheail 《Journal of environmental management》1997,50(4):429-443
In the U.K., the Countryside Act of 1968 represented the first “updating” of the pioneering National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act of 1949. Through the archival material that survives for the Ministry of Agriculture and Nature Conservancy, the paper commemorates that first quarter-century of post-war adjustment to the needs of farming and wildlife conservation. It does so through a case study of the documented discussion, both inter-agency and within separate counsels, of whether agricultural improvement grants should be paid for land scheduled as Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs). The post-war assumptions of both parties were shattered by clashes over the SSSIs of Cavenham Heath (Suffolk) and Waddingham Common (Lincolnshire). Characterized as a “cold” war, there was a point beyond which antipathy served no one's interests. Fully aware of the options available to policy-makers, both parties recognized the Countryside Bill as an opportunity to obtain greater protection for SSSIs without prejudicing the larger notions of guardianship of the rural resource and the importance that continued to be given to the countryside as the farmer's “workshop”. 相似文献
992.
993.
JIN Lei 《中国减灾(英文版)》2001,(3)
1Introduction of urban industrial disastersAt the Ministers' Forum on Disaster Reduction and Economic Development in China held on1March2 0 0 0 ,Deputy Director-General YANG Fu of the State Commission of Economy and Tradeemphasized by saying:" Security is importantnotonly to individual life,butalso to social stabilityand economic development. Among the 1 1 8catastrophic accidents in China in 1 999,each ofwhich caused the death of more than ten people,over70 % were connected with urban… 相似文献
994.
基于ARMA模型的中国工伤事故死亡率预测研究 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
文中用ARMA模型,对1974年至2003年全国工业企业事故死亡率进行时间序列分析,用SAS软件检验模型的可行性,并进行预测应用.结果表明,基于ARMA模型的中国工伤事故死亡率的模拟值和真实值较吻合. 相似文献
995.
996.
基于模糊概率的震害预测模型及其应用 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
将模糊数学中的模糊概率理论应用于震害预测之中,建立了模糊概率的震害预测模型.并应用此模型对单层砖排架柱厂房进行了震害预测;算例表明,该预测模型概念清晰,计算简单,效果较好. 相似文献
997.
中国工业二氧化硫排放量既是一个灰色系统,又是一个离散动态系统。本文基于GPM(1)灰色生长曲线,建立了预测中国工业二氧化硫排放量的GIPM(1)这一灰色对数幂函数曲线新模型。应用表明,GIPM(1)不仅与实际具有良好的一致性,也为国家制定工业二氧化硫排放量的控制治理规划提供了理论依据。 相似文献
998.
Within the emerging concept of industrial ecology (IE) that belongs to the research and practical field of sustainable development (SD), the natural ecosystem evolution over time has been described as a metaphor that presents systems of type I, type II and type III ecology. Type I describes a situation when there was little life on earth and plenty of resources. In type II, the ecosystem starts to develop material cycles and energy cascades between organisms and species due to increasing amount of life and emerging scarcity of resources. In type III, the mature ecosystem stage, the system actors have developed nearly completely cyclic flows of matter, energy cascades and diverse interdependencies between them. This paper uses the metaphor in the three systems to develop practical models of type I, II and III industrial ecosystems for an economic system of heating energy and its evolution over time. First, the physical flows of matter and energy are described by using two contrasting case system characteristics, 'throughput' and 'roundput'. Throughput means linear material and energy flows. Roundput means material cycles, energy cascades and sustainable use of renewables, i.e., ecosystem type III. Second, the more structural and organisational features are considered with the characteristic of 'diversity' meaning diversity in resources, human involvement and economic actors and technology used. The case system development over time shown with our practical model of type I–III is radically different from the ecosystem evolution as described in the literature on the industrial ecosystem metaphor of type I–III. This conclusion as a research result, however, is tentative, because of the fuzzy and vague meaning assigned to a metaphor and its confusion with a practical model of industrial development in the industrial ecology literature. 相似文献
999.
The characteristics of the airborne particulates in the industrial belt of the city of Madrid were studied and their metal content in Pb, Ca, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cr, Mg, Zn and K were determined, with the purpose of assessing any differences when compared to typical urban particulates. The object was to examine the sources of the trace metals analysed and to evaluate their spatial and temporal variations. Six sample collection points were chosen in the industrial belt of the city of Madrid and more than 320 samples were collected over a period of one year. Various forms of source identification were used in order to study the origins of each of the analysed metals. The data obtained indicates that the area studied has a different kind of pollution from that which typically occurs in urban or industrial areas. We were also able to explain a high percentage of the inorganic pollution investigated using a small number of sources: resuspended ground dust, vehicle exhaust, building, industrial combustion and metal processes, and fuel-oil combustion. 相似文献
1000.