原子吸收法测定水中镉的质量控制指标研究

通过全国多家实验室的大量监测数据,研究分析了镉测定的质量控制指标,并与《水质镉的测定双硫腙分光光度法》（GB/T 7471-1987）和《环境水质监测质量保证手册》（第二版）进行了比较,旨在为环境监测工作提供质量控制依据和质量控制指标。研究表明,标准样品的精密度质量控制指标范围：RSD≤5.0%和RSD’≤8.0%;准...     

水质检测中实验室检测结果的质量控制与保证

在水质检测工作中,质量控制方法是确保检测数据准确的一种重要手段。当前水质检测实验室中常用的质控手段有盲样考核、平行测定、加标回收、比对试验、期间核查、相关性分析与质量监督六类,通过分析比较这些质控手段在分析检测中的差异及其对检测结果的影响,为提升水质检测工作质量,出具科学、公正的检测报告提供保障。     

动态瓦斯地质预测算法研究与可视化应用

为实现煤矿瓦斯地质动态精准预测与可视化,基于煤层埋深、厚度、倾角、地质构造等多种因素,通过将相似的地质模块定义为同一微单元,在此基础上将反距离权重插值算法和递归邻域搜索策略与数据优化处理算法相结合,应用于瓦斯地质动态预测可视化系统开发。研究结果表明:根据递归邻域搜索算法模型开发的多级瓦斯地质图动态分析系统利用瓦斯地质基础数据可对矿井瓦斯含量、压力、涌出量等瓦斯赋存参数进行实时分析和计算,动态绘制散点图、等值线和区域预测图,使瓦斯区域预测图过渡更加平缓,显著提高预测的精准性及整体的显示效果,同时其制图耗时也无明显增加,可为高瓦斯矿井安全生产提供决策依据。     

Extent and Channel Morphology of Unmapped Headwater Stream Segments of the Quabbin Watershed,Massachusetts1

Brooks, Robert T. and Elizabeth A. Colburn, 2011. Extent and Channel Morphology of Unmapped Headwater Stream Segments of the Quabbin Watershed, Massachusetts. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(1):158‐168. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00499.x Abstract: Effective regulatory protection and management of headwater resources depend on consistent and accurate identification and delineation of stream occurrence. Published maps and digital resources fail to represent the true occurrence and extent of headwater streams. This study assessed the accuracy of mapped origins of “blue‐line” streams depicted on U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps, and, if present, the morphological characteristics of unmapped stream segments. We identified 170 mapped stream origins on the Quabbin Reservoir watershed, Massachusetts. Of 30 mapped stream origins, we identified and examined 26 unmapped stream segments above 25, with an average length of 502 m. Twenty unmapped tributaries occurred on 10 of the 26 unmapped segments, with an average length of 127 m. Wetland reaches occurred more frequently and were larger on unmapped than on mapped stream segments. A significant and complex stream network occurs above most mapped stream origins. For the Quabbin watershed, we estimate that there are 85.8 km of unmapped stream upgradient of 314.5 km of mapped streams. Reliance on mapped stream networks for regulatory standards allows for the potential disturbance or even destruction of the unmapped stream resources. Jurisdictional regulations and guidelines should be revised so that the occurrence of streams should require field validation.     

基于MAWEI指数的水体信息提取方法

遥感技术是快速而又准确获取水体信息的有效途径,对水资源管理与评估有着重要意义。以福州市闽江、贵阳市百花水库、曲靖市南盘江和泰安市东平湖区域Landsat 8影像为基础,构建改进的自动水体提取指数（MAWEI）对水体信息进行提取,利用目视解译结果作为精度验证数据,量化不同水体指数在多种环境条件下的水体提取精度。研究结果表明：（1）面向对象的分类方法改善了面向像素方法存在“椒盐现象”的缺点;（2）MAWEI、AWEInsh、AWEIsh和MNDWI四种水体指数在最优提取阈值的情况下,MAWEI指数提取水体的精度最高,效果最佳。且通过实验发现不同环境条件下MAWEI水体指数的稳定性较好。MAWEI指数可用于快速有效地提取大面积水体信息,能满足大面积的水体快速制图和土地利用的分类,对水体信息快速提取具有较强的应用价值,值得推广。     

生物多样性维护功能评估及其空间尺度效应分析——以陕西省为例

生物多样性维护功能评估是生态系统综合评估的重要内容。基于物种丰富度的海拔梯度格局规律来修正生物多样性维护服务能力指数模型,并探讨该模型在省级、市级和生物多样性优先区三种不同尺度水平的评估响应。结果显示：（1）三种尺度识别的生物多样性极重要区面积和空间分布差异较大,省级尺度评估的极重要区集中于秦巴山地,市级尺度评估时极重要区分布广泛且布局分散,优先区尺度评估时极重要区与自然保护区重叠面积最大。（2）三种尺度评估识别的精准度由大到小依次为：优先区尺度（19.5%）>省级尺度（11.7%）>市级尺度（11.2%）,优先区尺度评估识别的精准度明显高于行政区尺度的评估。（3）优先区尺度评估识别的极重要区面积为28032.3 km²,占陕西省国土面积的13.7%;极重要区内土地利用结构和物种重要性综合评估结果优于行政区尺度的评估结果。     

测定化学需氧量的新型分光光度法

研究了一种测定化学需氧量(COD Mn)的新型分光光度法。试验结果表明,该法简便快速、准确,精密度高,并且通过与国标法测定结果对比后确定该方法可用于自来水、饮用水等多种水体中COD Mn的测定。     

MERITS OF STATISTICAL CRITERIA FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF HYDROLOGICAL MODELS1

ABSTRACT: The performance of a hydrological model is usually assessed first by visual inspection of the measured and computed hydrographs. Numerous statistical criteria are available for numerical evaluations of model accuracy in each single year, in a particular season of the year, or in a sequence of years or seasons. In the last case, the problem of computing the overall result has to be considered. If too many criteria are used and the criteria are switched frequently, an assessment of a model's performance becomes difficult for a potential user. Therefore, this paper concentrates on just three criteria and their combined evaluation: The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient, which compares the model computed discharge with the average measured discharge; the “coefficient of gain from daily means” in which a uniform average discharge is replaced by daily average discharges; and the volumetric difference between the total measured and computed runoff. The three criteria are combined in a three dimensional representation that allows intercomparisons of model performance in a single diagram.     

ESTIMATES OF MEAN CHLOROPHYLL-a CONCENTRATION: PRECISION,ACCURACY, AND SAMPLING DESIGN1

ABSTRACT: Data from 56 north-temperate lakes and reservoirs are used to develop models predicting temporal variance as a function of the mean chlorophyll-a concentration. Trophy, as estimated by mean chlorophyll-a concentration, is shown to have little effect on the sampling effort required to achieve a pre-determined level of precision for lakes sampled year-round. Collecting ten observations results in a coefficient of variation that averaged 20 percent; collecting more than ten observations yields increasingly marginal improvements in precision. The same guidelines apply to mesotrophic or eutrophic lakes sampled in the summer, whereas oligotrophic lakes sampled in the summer require fewer observations to achieve the same level of precision. The bias resulting from collecting too few observations is minimized if five or more observations are collected.     

微重力测量在高度测量中应用对比研究

高差测量试验对比及微重力测量应用实例,对重力测量在高程测量上应用原理与方法及适用范围进行对比研究。研究表明：使用重力仪进行高度测量,操作简单快捷、可达到厘米级的测量精度,观测数据稳定,不需要任何通视条件,具有垂直方向定位准确和全天候测量的优势。