A cleaner two-step synthesis of high purity diallyldimethylammonium chloride monomers for flocculant preparation

In order to improve the flocculation efficiency of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride（PDADMAC）, high molecular weight PDADMAC should be prepared from high purity diallyldimethylammonium chloride（DADMAC） monomers. In this paper, a cleaner method with microwave irradiation and alkali solidification was proposed for preparing high pure DADMAC by selective heating under low temperature, and the prepared high purity DADMAC is characterized using FTIR and atomic absorption spectrometry. The new method provides a solution to the key technical problem of PDADMAC synthesis. Comparing with the conventional methods, the results showed that the advantages of the novel synthesis include： （a） high purity DADMAC is improved from 57% to 71% ; （b） reaction time of tertiary amine preparation is shortened from 6 h to 7 min; （c） water instead of acetone was used as reaction medium; （d） toxic by-products, wastewater and waste gas are eliminated. Flocculant made from the synthesized high purity DADMAC monomers was proved more efficient in flocculation tests.     

超声辐射浸渍法制备Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3催化剂及性能研究

以Al2O3为载体,分别采用超声辐射浸渍法和普通浸渍方法制备Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3催化剂。采用BET、XRD和SEM对催化剂的理化性质和孔结构进行了分析,以模拟酸性绿B废水为研究对象考察催化剂的催化性能。实验结果表明,浸渍溶液pH值和焙烧温度显著影响催化剂的性能。与普通浸渍法相比,超声浸渍法制备的Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3催化剂对酸性绿B脱色反应表现出较高的催化活性。     

微波辐射对污泥性质及脱水性能的影响

将微波辐射用于污泥预处理,考察了500、750和900 W的微波作用下,污泥性质(温度,污泥粒径,胞外聚合物和水解程度)和脱水性能(毛细吸水时间和污泥比阻)的变化情况,并探讨了相关的机理。结果表明,适宜的微波条件能够增加污泥粒径,提高污泥的脱水性能。900 W微波辐射60 s后,污泥粒径增加了71.40%,污泥毛细吸水时间和污泥比阻分别减少了42.70%和73.11%。若进一步增加微波接触时间,不仅使能耗增加,同时也会恶化污泥的脱水性能。     

酸性条件下微波改性活性碳纤维对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附

采用微波辐照的方法,在混酸条件下对活性碳纤维(ACF)进行改性,制备得到一种改性活性碳纤维(M-ACF).通过小试吸附实验考察了微波功率、溶液pH值对M-ACF吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的影响.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、电子能谱(EDX)等技术对ACF和M-ACF进行表征.结果表明,M-ACF表面的羧基等酸性含氧官能团增多,纤维长度变短且表面粗糙化.当M-ACF的投加量为10 mg、含铅溶液初始浓度为50 mg/L、pH为6、吸附时间为24 h、吸附温度为308 K时,M-ACF对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附量高达248.5 mg/g.吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型;热力学参数表明吸附为吸热、自发的过程.     

Photolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on soil surfaces under UV irradiation

Photolysis of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on soil surfaces may play an important role in the fate of PAHs in the environment.Photolysis of PAHs on soil surfaces under UV irradiation was investigated.The effects of oxygen,irradiation intensity and soil moisture on the degradation of the three PAHs were observed.The results showed that oxygen,soil moisture and irradiation intensity enhanced the photolysis of the three PAHs on soil surfaces.The degradation of the three PAHs on soil surfaces is related to their absorption spectra and the oxidation-half-wave potential.The photolysis of PAHs on soil surfaces in the presence of oxygen followed pseudo first-order kinetics.The photolysis half-lives ranged from 37.87 days for benzo[a]pyrene to 58.73 days for phenanthrene.The results indicate that photolysis is a successful way to remediate PAHs-contaminated soils.     

微波改性MWNTs/TiO2复合材料对1,2,3-三氯苯的光催化降解研究

在微波辐照干化的条件下用溶胶-凝胶法制备了MWNTs/TiO2复合光催化剂.对该复合材料的表征表明：随着微波功率逐渐增大至400 W,MWNTs/TiO2复合材料管径逐渐变小,且在400 W时制备的MWNTs/TiO2复合材料分散性较好.进一步增大微波功率导致复合材料的管径增大,分散性降低.研究了不同微波辐照条件下制备的MWNTs/TiO2复合光催化剂对1,2,3-三氯苯的光催化降解效果,结果表明,该复合光催化剂对1,2,3-三氯苯的光降解遵循一级反应动力学;在微波功率为400 W、辐照时间为5 min情况下制备的复合光催化剂对1,2,3-三氯苯的降解速率最快,其反应常数为0.023 7 min^-1,该值比非微波加热干化的同样复合材料的反应速率常数值提高了52%.     

基于多因子影响的东南沿海地区服役涂层环境试验设计

目的通过分析东南沿海地区车辆服役环境特点,提取了光照、温度、水、化学介质四种影响因素,分析四种影响因素的影响机理、影响方式、影响效果。方法对《GJB 150A—2009军用装备实验室环境试验方法》的基本运用方法及裁剪技术进行初步探讨,依据该标准制定东南沿海地区服役车辆涂层实验室试验的流程方法,并进行试验验证。结果实验室加速腐蚀试验结果与现役涂层腐蚀情况具有较好的相关性。结论为东南沿海地区涂层环境试验的设计、实施及测评,对涂层寿命预测、有效性检验和维修保养方案制定提供了重要的依据。     

氯酚溶液的γ辐照还原降解研究

氯酚由于氯取代基产生的诱导效应,使其容易受到亲核粒子的攻击而被还原降解.通过测定γ辐照前后氯酚母体、Cl-离子以及反应中间产物的浓度变化,研究了4种氯酚水溶液(4-CP、2-CP、2,4-DCP、2,4,6-TCP)与水合电子ea-q反应的降解脱氯过程.结果表明,在水合电子ea-q还原体系中,4种氯酚的降解脱氯顺序依次为:2,4,6-TCP>2,4-DCP>2-CP>4-CP,多氯酚比单氯酚容易降解脱氯,邻位上的氯原子要比对位上的氯原子更容易去除,苯酚和Cl-是氯酚反应降解的最终产物.另外,4种氯酚的降解和脱氯过程皆遵循一级反应动力学特征,4-CP、2-CP、2,4-DCP和2,4,6-TCP的降解反应常数分别是0.154、0.253、0.750和1.188 kGy-1,脱氯反应常数分别为0.137、0.219、0.251和0.306 kGy-1.     

Ultraviolet irradiation induced oxidative stress and response of antioxidant system in an intertidal macroalgae Corallina officinalis L.

The response of the antioxidant defense system of an intertidal macroalgae Corallina officinalis L. to different dosages of UV-B irradiation was investigated. Results showed that superoxide dimutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX) increased and then maintained at a relatively stable level when subjected to UV-B irradiation. Catalase (CAT) activity under medium dosage of UV-B irradiation (Muv) and high dosage of UV-B irradiation (Huv) treatments were significantly decreased. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity first remained unaltered and then increased in Huv treatment. In addition, the assay on isozymes was carried out using non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The activities of some SOD isoforms were altered by UV-B. Two new bands (POX V and POX Ⅶ) appeared upon exposure to all three UV-B dosages. CAT Ⅲ activity was increased by low dosage of UV-B irradiation (Luv),whereas CAT Ⅲ and CAT Ⅳ disappeared when the alga was exposed to Muv and Huv. Two bands of APX (APX Ⅵ and APX Ⅶ)were increased and a new band (APX X) was observed under Huv exposure. H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid reacting substance (TBARS)increased under Muv and Huv treatments. Overall, UV-B protection mechanisms are partly inducible and to a certain extent sufficient to prevent the accumulation of damage in C officinalis.     

Photoreductive degradation of sulfur hexafluoride in the presence of styrene

Sulfur hexafluoride （SF6） is known as one of the most powerful greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Reductive photodegradation of SF6 by styrene has been studied with the purpose of developing a novel remediation for sulfur hexafluoride pollution. Effects of reaction conditions on the destruction and removal efficiency （DRE） of SF6 are examined in this study. Both initial styrene-to-SF6 ratio and initial oxygen concentration exert a significant influence on DRE. SF6 removal efficiency reaches a maximum value at the initial styrene-to-SF6 ratio of 0.2. It is found that DRE increases with oxygen concentration over the range of 0 to 0.09 mol/m^3 and then decreases with increasing oxygen concentration. When water vapor is fed into the gas mixture, DRE is slightly enhanced over the whole studied time scale. The X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy （XPS） analysis, together with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） analysis, prove that nearly all the initial fluorine residing in the gas phase is in the form of SiF4, whereas, the initial sulfur is deposited in the form of elemental sulfur, after photodegradation. Free from toxic byproducts, photodegradation in the presence of styrene may serve as a promising technique for SF6 abatement.