SBR法处理还原段DSD酸废水脱氢酶活性的研究

对SBR法处理还原段DSD酸生产废水处理中污泥活性进行了分析。脱氢酶活性能及时准确地反映污泥活性变化,预知水质波动。在整个代谢过程中,总脱氢酶活性(Dt)和基质脱氢酶活性(Ds)变化规律相似;当了解体系大体情况时,Dt可代替Ds反映污泥活性变化。Dt与可降解COD浓度之间较好的服从莫诺关系式,Dt具有生化反应速率的意义。研究表明,在温度为30℃,葡萄糖投加量为250mg/L,有机负荷为0.6kg(/kg·d),pH值为7的条件下,脱氢酶活性最高。     

二氧化硫对大鼠肺泡细胞和肺泡灌洗液的生化效应

研究了二氧化硫(SO2)对大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗细胞和肺泡灌洗液(BALF)的生化指标的影响。结果表明，吸入SO2后大鼠BALF中肺泡巨噬细胞数量增加、但比例减少，中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞数量和比例均增加，并存在剂量一效应关系；熏气后BALF的pH下降、蛋白质含量和肺通透指数升高，BALF中酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性升高，脂质过氧化水平提高：这些细胞和生物化学指标的改变从不同的方面反映了SO2可引起大鼠肺组织和肺泡细胞的结构和功能的损伤。     

The use of bioluminescent biotests for study of natural and laboratory aquatic ecosystems

A set of bioluminescent tests was developed to monitor water quality in natural and laboratory ecosystems. It consisted of four bioluminescent systems: luminous bacteria, coupled enzyme system NADH:FMN-oxidoreductase-luciferase and triplet enzyme systems with alcohol dehydrogenase and trypsin. The set of biotests was applied for a small forest pond (Siberia, Russia), laboratory microecosystems polluted with benzoquinone and a batch culture of blue-green algae. Thereby effects of natural water compared to those of models of heavy pollution and “bloom” of blue-greens on the bioluminescent tests were revealed. The set of biotests was not affected by a natural seasonal variability of water quality in the unpolluted pond, but responded to the heavy pollution and the “bloom” of blue-greens. The set of biotests could be recommended as the alarm test to control the acute toxicity of natural water bodies.     

Effects of Cd2+ and Pb2+ on the substrate biofilms in the integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland

The effects of single Cd~(2+)and Pb~(2+),and combined Cd~(2+)and Pb~(2+)on dehydrogenase activity and polysaccharide content of the substrate biofilms in the integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland(IVCW)were studied.Dehydrogenase activities decreased linearly with the increasing concentrations of Cd~(2+)and Pb~(2+)at different times(6,24,72,and 120 h).The activities at both 6 and 24 h were significantly higher than that at 72 and 120 h in the case of single and combined treatments.The single Cd~(2+)...     

Biological control of AFB1-producing Aspergillus section Flavi strains isolated from brewer's grains,alternative feed intended for swine production in Argentina

The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from brewer's grains on Aspergillus section Flavi growth and aflatoxin B₁ production. The Aspergillus strains tested were inhibited by all the LAB strains assayed. The isolates Lactobacillus brevis B20, P. pentosaceus B86, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis B87, L. brevis B131, and Lactobacillus sp. B144 completely suppressed the fungal growth and reduced aflatoxin B₁ production. In conclusion, LAB isolated from brewer's grains show a high inhibitory activity on fungal growth and aflatoxin biosynthesis by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Further studies must be conducted to evaluate the success of in vitro assays under food environment conditions and to elucidate the antifungal mechanism of these strains.     

啶酰菌胺在斑马鱼体内的富集特性及其对SDH和复合物Ⅱ活性的抑制

为进一步探索啶酰菌胺对水生生物的毒性,选择斑马鱼为供试生物,采用半静态法,研究了啶酰菌胺在斑马鱼体内的富集与消除规律及对其肝脏和鳃的毒性作用。结果表明,斑马鱼暴露于0.08、0.32 mg·L~(-1)中,14 d后均达到富集平衡,28 d生物富集系数(BCF_(28 d))分别为35.50和36.72。在0.16、0.32 mg·L~(-1)浓度下,斑马鱼的比肝重(HSI)和比鳃重(BSI)均明显高于对照组,而肝脏和鳃中琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)和线粒体呼吸链复合物II活性均明显低于对照组,浓度低于0.08 mg·L~(-1)时,对斑马鱼无明显影响。由此可知,啶酰菌胺对斑马鱼为中等富集性,并对其肝脏和鳃有一定毒性作用。     

TiO2光催化氧化降解乳酸的工艺及机理研究

以TiO2为催化剂、紫外灯为光源对乳酸进行光催化降解实验,考察了乳酸初始浓度、TiO2用量、反应时间、曝气方式等因素对乳酸降解率的影响,并在此基础上应用正交实验对降解条件进行优化,同时对乳酸的降解机理进行了探索研究。实验结果表明：以300 W紫外汞灯为光源,在乳酸初始浓度为0.5 g/L、TiO2量为0.20 g/L、反应时间120 min、持续通入空气鼓泡的条件下,乳酸降解效果最佳,乳酸降解率为99.9%;降解12 h总有机碳去除率达91.2%。乳酸光催化降解的反应途径为：乳酸脱羧生成乙醇,乙醇被氧化生成乙醛,进而氧化为乙酸,所有的中间产物被继续降解,最终矿化为CO2和H2O等小分子物质。     

一株高效耐冷菌的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

寒冷地区水温偏低,污水生物处理效果差,出水达标困难。从寒冷地区水土样品中,分离到数株能在2℃下生长的低温菌株,选择优势菌N进行重点研究。从脱氢酶活性机制上,考察了不同条件对N菌株降解能力的影响;对比研究了它与常温活性污泥降解能力和脱氢酶活性的差异。结果表明:N菌株属于耐冷型低温微生物,结合16S rDNA序列同源性分析及生理生化特性鉴定为黄假单胞菌;5℃曝气8 h,接种废水COD、氨氮去除率均在90%以上;低温条件下,该耐冷菌对生活污水降解率比常温活性污泥高出40%,脱氢酶具有更高的活性,在低温污水处理方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

TiO2光催化氧化降解乳酸的工艺及机理研究

以TiO2为催化剂、紫外灯为光源对乳酸进行光催化降解实验,考察了乳酸初始浓度、TiO2用量、反应时间、曝气方式等因素对乳酸降解率的影响,并在此基础上应用正交实验对降解条件进行优化,同时对乳酸的降解机理进行了探索研究.实验结果表明:以300 W紫外汞灯为光源,在乳酸初始浓度为O.5 g/L、TiO2量为0.20 g/L、...     

Blood biomarkers and contaminant levels in feathers and eggs to assess environmental hazards in heron nestlings from impacted sites in Ebro basin (NE Spain)

Blood biomarkers and levels of major pollutants in eggs and feathers were used to determine pollution effects in nestlings of the Purple Heron Ardea purpurea and the Little Egret Egretta garzetta, sampled on three Ebro River (NE Spain) areas: a reference site, a site affected by the effluents of a chlor-alkali industry and the river Delta. The two impacted heron populations showed mutually different pollutant and response patterns, suggesting different sources of contamination. In the population nesting near the chlor-alkali plant, elevated levels of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) in eggs, and mercury in feathers in A. purpurea chicks were related with reduced blood antioxidant defenses and increased levels of micronuclei. In Ebro Delta, high levels of plasmatic lactate dehydrogenase in A. purpurea chicks and high frequency of micronuclei in blood of both species were tentatively associated with intensive agricultural activities taking place in the area. These results provide the first evidence of a biological response in heron chicks to the release of pollutants at a chlor-alkali plant.