钝顶螺旋藻突变株FBL的生理特性

利用倍频Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光（λ＝５３２ｎｍ，ｐ＝５００ｍＷ，Ｓ＝１６０ｍＷ／ｃｍ＾２）对钝顶螺旋藻进行诱变处理，辐照１０ｍｉｎ，经分离获得藻丝开矿变成直形的钝顶螺旋突变株ＦＢＬ。对该变株ＦＢＬ的生长特性、藻多糖、氨基酸、β－胡萝卜素、叶绿素ａ等生化组成的研究。结果表明：与出发株相比，突变株ＦＢＬ生长速度加快；β－胡萝卜素含量提高２２．３％；藻多糖提高４２．０％；氨基酸增幅５．２％，氨基酸的组成比例发     

Laser therapy for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS)

Monochorionic twins are subjected to specific complications which originate in either imbalance or abnormality of the single placenta serving two twins including twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. The diagnosis is well established in overt clinical forms with the association of polyuric polyhydramnios and oliguric oligohydramnios. The best treatment of cases presenting before 26 weeks of gestion is fetoscopic laser ablation of the intertwin anastomoses on the chorionic plate. Although subjected to subtle variations, the core technique follows robust guidelines which could help understanding and acquiring the required skills and experience to perform this procedure. However appropriate and tailored hands-on training and appropriate perinatal set-up are critical not only for surgical management but also for the follow-up and management of related complications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Determination of Toxic Pollutants in Water Using A Marine Phytoplankton Dunaliella Bioculata and Doppler Laser Velocimetry

This paper reports an experimental study of the response of the unicellular flagellated algae Dunaliella bioculata to toxic pollutants in water using the 'Doppler laser velocimetry' method. the response to toxic pollutants was encouraging and indicates that Dunaliella bioculata is a good biological model for the detection of toxic pollutants in water.     

CO气体激光检测仪中基于FPGA的信号源设计

在激光检测仪的系统设计中,要求信号源四路波形同步异频发生,且有移相、倍频、波形叠加等要求。利用FPGA技术完成满足以上要求的直接数字频率合成器(DDS)的设计。在实现中选用Altera公司的FPGA芯片EP2C8Q208C8为主芯片进行设计,充分利用了该芯片的超大集成性和快速性。在改进的DDS算法结构的基础上,系统的复杂度降低,更趋于模块化,产生的波形频率更准确。     

敌百亩和阿米津的太赫兹透射光谱研究

为获得敌百亩和阿米津两种农药在太赫兹频段内的光学参数,完善常用农药太赫兹光谱数据库,利用太赫兹时域光谱技术(THz-TDS),在室温294 K和氮气环境(湿度小于4%)下,对两种农药标准样品进行测试。获得了两种农药的太赫兹时域信号,并利用傅里叶变换和菲涅尔公式得到0.3~1.5 THz频段内的折射率谱和吸收谱。结果表明,敌百亩和阿米津的平均折射率分别为1.59和1.55,敌百亩吸收谱有3个吸收峰,阿米津有2个吸收峰,且两者吸收峰的位置与峰值存在明显的差异。相对于阿米津,敌百亩对于太赫兹波有更好的吸收特性。试验光谱特征说明,利用THz-TDS可以实现对农药的检测与鉴别。     

Wood-Specific Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Patterns in Soot Using Gas Chromatography-Atmospheric Pressure Laser Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (GC-APLI-MS)

If organic matter is burnt, the combustion of wood produces the highest amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compared with other fossil energy sources such as oil, coal, or gas. Emissions from wood combustion are increasingly of special interest due to the rising use of wood as a renewable energy source in residential heating in Europe. To the authors' knowledge, reproducible wood-specific PAH patterns in soot were identified for the first time by use of a sampling interval of only 5 min in this study. The short sampling interval was enabled by the very sensitive analytical method of gas chromatography–atmospheric pressure laser ionization–mass spectrometry (GC-APLI-MS) applied. The analysis of 40 PAH of soot from wood logs of spruce, pine, larch (softwood) and beech, birch, oak (hardwood), and wood pellets, as well as wood briquettes, showed 13.46–250.62 mg/kg for ∑40 PAH and 10.75–177.94 mg/kg for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PAH standard (without acenaphthylene and anthracene). Highest concentrations occurred in the samples from birch with bark, beech, and wood briquettes. Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, naphthalene, and alkylated naphthalenes were also detected. Significant concentrations of the very toxic dibenzopyrenes (up to 11.30 mg/kg) are reported. Softwood soot contained highest amounts of 2–4-ring PAH, followed by hardwood which is in accordance with the presence of highest amounts of abietic acid in softwood, a known precursor of retene and phenanthrene. PAH in soot from five spruce samples from different locations show a mean ∑40 PAH concentration of 13.46 mg/kg (n = 5, minimum 8.03, maximum 23.32 mg/kg, SD = 5.65) and exhibited a typical pattern that differed from all other wood soot samples. The distributions of alkylated naphthalenes of the spruce samples show a bell-shape distribution in contrast to the alkylated phenanthrenes/anthracenes of all samples (except the wood pellets), showing a slope distribution. The data indicate that wood-specific PAH patterns exist and under the applied conditions, spruce logs produced the least toxic soot.     

露天矿山隐伏盲空区精确探测及爆破优化设计

隐伏盲空区是严重威胁露天矿山正常采矿作业的安全隐患,应予以探明并处置。针对露天矿隐伏盲空区探测难度大、崩落处置爆破设计精度差等问题,以白马铁矿1号溜井盲空区为例,首先基于矿山历史资料,利用钻探手段,初步圈定盲空区异常分布范围;然后运用钻孔激光扫描设备进行三维精确扫描,获得盲空区塌腔三维形态和真实边界,并以实测数据为基础,利用逆向建模方法,构建盲空区三维可视化模型;最后根据盲空区的三维空间特征和分布条件,进行爆破分区及参数优化设计。结果表明:采用钻探圈定结合三维激光精确扫描建模的综合探测方法,可获得露天矿山盲空区的可靠信息,准确掌握盲空区垮塌现状,进而为制定更为精准的爆破设计方案提供重要依据,最终达到消除盲空区的目的。研究结果对保障矿山安全生产具有重要意义,同时可为类似工程提供有益参考。     

北京冬春和夏初季节大气O3浓度的垂直分布特征

为探究北京地区不同季节大气O₃浓度垂直分布特征,于2010年12月1日—2011年3月31日（冬春季）和2011年5月7日—6月9日（夏初）,在北京北部地区的中国环境科学研究院内,利用第三代移动式大气环境激光雷达系统,对$\varphi $（SO₂）、$\varphi $（NO₂）以及$\varphi $（O₃）和气溶胶后向散射系数垂直方向和垂直剖面进行试验观测,并结合天气要素的变化进行了分析研究.结果表明:①$\varphi $（O₃）存在明显的季节变化,表现为夏季>春季>冬季,同时晴天、微风、逆温条件等气象背景是O₃污染过程出现的主要气象因素,在微风和南风的情况下,会出现高$\varphi $（O₃）带,在北风影响情况下,$\varphi $（O₃）相对较低,雨水冲洗的作用对$\varphi $（O₃）分布也有明显的影响;②$\varphi $（O₃）的日变化曲线呈单峰单谷型,$\varphi $（O₃）峰值一般出现在14:00—18:00之间,谷值则出现在22:00—翌日09:00之间;③$\varphi $（O₃）垂直分布呈现单峰、双峰、多峰型分布等多种垂直分布特征,10 km以上高空这3种分布特征均有出现,但是在5 km以下的近地面$\varphi $（O₃）垂直和斜程分布基本呈现多峰型,斜程方向上$\varphi $（O₃）的高低与下垫面及其所排放的O₃前体物有密切的关系;④$\varphi $（O₃）垂直分布呈现一定的不均匀性,其数值范围浮动比较小,最大值之间相差30×10-9.研究显示,$\varphi $（O₃）垂直规律主要表现出两种分布特征,一种是在3~5 km处有高浓度的堆积区,另一种则没有明显高值堆积区.      

管道站场基础沉降远程在线监测评价系统设计

为解决部分站场地基承载力不足,经过长期运营部分站场基础沉降不同步,造成的管道弯曲甚至管道破裂问题,提出1种由位置标识物来实现实时准确采集站场基础位移数据的方法,研制1套基于激光测距技术的基础沉降远程在线监测评价系统;系统软件根据实时采集的沉降量与历史监测数据比对,评价站场运行状态,并给出基础沉降安全储备。结果表明:结合历史监测数据可预测站场基础下一检修周期的沉降状况,给出是否需要在检修期内对站场基础进行维护的建议。系统可有效预防基础沉降带来的安全隐患,减小管道破损带来的经济损失。     

过电位抛光增材制造双极板流道结构及性能研究

目的 研究过电位抛光对不锈钢异形截面微流道内壁成形性及双极板性能的影响。方法 采用电化学实验、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、粗糙度测试分别对激光粉末床熔融技术成形异形截面微流道进行测试分析,研究抛光时间对微流道内壁表面形貌、典型缺陷、表面粗糙度及双极板耐腐蚀性的影响。结果 在抛光前10 min,微流道内壁的质量得到有效提升,随着抛光时间的延长,其表面粗糙度达到稳定值,同时典型缺陷也由黏粉、半熔金属颗粒等局部缺陷逐渐变化到球化、挂渣、阶梯效应等大范围缺陷,直至出现点蚀现象。抛光时间在5～15 min内,LPBF成形316L不锈钢表面质量提升,随着抛光时间的增加,其耐腐蚀性下降。结论 采用过电位抛光工艺并选择适当的过电位抛光时间,能有效提升微流道内壁成形质量及双极板耐腐蚀性能。