Eutrophication development and its key regulating factors in a water-supply reservoir in North China

Yanghe Reservoir is an important source of drinking water for Qinhuangdao City,North China;however,in recent decades this water source has been eutrophic with recurrent summer cyanobacterial blooms.The trophic grade of the system in summer was mesotrophiceutrophic in 1990 and became hypertrophic in 2011.The nutrient availability is extremely high during the entire year,and the water temperature should be the primary driver of the summer blooms.In May-October of 2010 and 2011,abrupt variations were observed in the Secchi depth(SD) and chlorophyll a(Chl-a),and both the correlated analysis of Chl-a-SD and trophic status indices(TSI) deviation(TSI Chl-a-TSI SD) showed that algal cell density dominated light attenuation.During the algal bloom outbreak,the microcystin concentration was found to vary between 0.35-2.12 μg/L in 2010 and 0.11-1.86 μg/L in 2011.The maximum microcystin content was more than two times the safety limit required for drinking water.Inflow discharges were most concentrated in the summer,with periods of lower residence time and the largest water level fluctuation over the entire year.When a high availability of nutrients promoted a high Chl-a concentration in the whole system,it appeared that the instability caused by the decrease in residence time could not produce effective changes in the cyanobacterial abundance.The results indicated that nutrient enrichment in the aquatic systems of Yanghe Reservoir is the most serious problem and that the status would not been modified effectively by increasing hydrological fluctuations(e.g.,decreasing the residence time).Therefore,decreasing the nutrient concentrations is the only route to improve the water quality of this reservoir.     

中美地热能资源管理比较探析

地热资源作为一种清洁能源在欧美国家已经普遍获得立法肯定,并建立起了较为成熟的法律规则。美国在地热资源的界定、地热财税制度、国有资源的保护等方面进行的立法探索,为中国当前的地热资源开发提供了良好的制度借鉴。在欧美国家的实践基础上,中国资源立法可以籍此完善国有资源的产权结构,构建起科学的地热资源用益机制。     

磁湖底泥氮释放通量的研究

本研究通过对磁湖底泥氮释放的特性进行实验室静态模拟实验,测定不同温度对磁湖底泥中氮释放量的影响。结果表明,温度升高时,底泥中NH3-N、TN释放通量增大,NO2-N和NO3-N释放通量减小。磁湖底泥的TN释放通量为-120到-25 mg/m3.d,NH3-N、NO2-N和NO3-N和TN释放通量基本呈负释放,说明磁湖大部分氮元素沉积到底泥中。本研究为探讨磁湖水质的改善提供相关的依据,并为以后关于磁湖的治理研究提供一定参考。     

球形棕囊藻与红树林细菌Flavobacterium sp.相互关系的研究

从深圳福田红树林中分离出一株细菌,对球形棕囊藻有溶藻活性,通过形态鉴定为假单胞菌属细菌。将球形棕囊藻、藻过滤液和提取的溶血毒素与细菌共培养,通过荧光显微计数及平板计数研究活细菌数和可培养细菌数,结果表明:当细菌直接与棕囊藻共培养时,细菌很快进入VBNC状态,细菌能够促进棕囊藻溶血毒素的积累。而将细菌置于透析袋中与棕囊藻一起共培养时,棕囊藻对细菌的VBNC状态影响不大,细菌对棕囊藻溶血毒素的积累无影响。对数期、稳定期棕囊藻培养过滤液和溶血毒素均可使细菌很快进入VBNC状态,溶血毒素可能在球形棕囊藻在被牧食及抑制其他竞争者中(化感作用)扮演着重要的角色。     

嫩江水体溶解氧变化规律的混沌研究

针对目前溶解氧研究主要是从生物、化学等方面开展,而对溶解氧自身变化规律的研究很少的特点,以嫩江干流浏园水文站测得的溶解氧质量浓度序列为例,首先进行相空间重构,应用自相关函数法确定出延迟时间、伪邻近点法确定出嵌入维数;然后应用主分量分析(PCA)方法对序列进行分析,表明该序列不是噪声序列而可能是混沌序列,通过计算Kolmogorov熵得出溶解氧质量浓度序列具有混沌特性的结论;最后应用基于关联度的局域加权线性回归预测法对该序列进行了混沌预测研究,得到了比较理想的预测结果,这为应用混沌理论进行溶解氧变化规律的研究提供了依据.     

论经济欠发达地区如何建设生态工业园区——以千里山工业园区为例

资源和环境问题已成为各界关注的焦点,工业园区向现代生态工业因区建设转变是新形势生态文明下的必然要求。文章以内蒙古乌海市海勃湾区千里山工业园区为例,阐述了该工业园区建立生态型工业园区的可行性。     

池塘残饵对底泥氮、磷释放影响的模拟研究

运用室内静态模拟的方法,设置静态释放组(A组)和饲料添加组(B组),研究了池塘残饵分解对底泥氮、磷释放的影响.结果表明,A组DO高于B组(P<0.05),A组pH值为中性,B组pH值呈弱酸性.添加饲料后,B组硝态氮低于A组(P<0.05),而B组活性磷高于A组(P<0.05).实验第2~14 d,A组氨氮高于B组(P<0.05),此后B组氨氮升高,实验结束时B组氨氮高于A组(P<0.05).研究表明,添加饲料的B组,初期氨氮和硝态氮的释放都受到抑制.静态释放的A组,氮的释放变化是先上升,后降低的趋势,而饲料添加的B组,氮的释放变化趋势则是先降低,后升高.B组饲料分解向上覆水释放大量的磷,活性磷的变化呈现先上升后下降的趋势.     

利用SPAMS研究华北乡村站点(曲周)夏季大气单颗粒物老化与混合状态

利用单颗粒气溶胶飞行时间质谱(SPAMS)于2013年6月30日~7月8日对华北地区乡村站点曲周大气单颗粒粒径及其化学组成进行了在线测量,共采集到同时含有正负离子谱图的颗粒230 152个,其粒径主要集中在0.2~2.0μm.结果表明,该地区的大气颗粒物主要分为8类:元素碳(EC,55.5%)、有机碳(OC,10.7%)、钠,钾等碱金属颗粒(alkalis,17.4%)、其他金属颗粒(other metals,1.7%)、富铁颗粒(Fe-rich,6.3%)、富铅颗粒物(Pb-rich,3.1%)、沙尘颗粒(dust,4.8%),other颗粒(0.8%),观测得到的8类气溶胶颗粒中绝大部分包含46NO-2、62NO-3、80SO-3、96SO-4、97HSO-4等二次组分离子,说明这些颗粒都经历了不同的老化过程或与二次组分进行了不同程度的混合.从气溶胶类型的谱分布看,各类型颗粒数浓度峰值基本出现在700~800 nm之间,dust、Fe颗粒主要集中在粗粒径段,EC颗粒子类研究表明随着表面不断吸附NH+4、NO-3、SO2-4等二次组分,EC颗粒逐步演化成老化程度较低的NO-3吸附型EC(ECN)和严重老化的SO2-4吸附型EC(ECS)混合态,两者日变化呈现明显的负相关性,也可能随着二次有机物在EC表面吸附,形成OC/EC混合态.     

Characterising the landscape of state environmental review policies and procedures in the United States: a national assessment

Following the intent of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, many states have adopted policies and procedures directing state agencies and local government units to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of development projects prior to their undertaking. In contrast to a rich literature on federal requirements, current understanding of state environmental review is narrowly focused and outdated. This paper seeks to provide information on the landscape of state environmental review policy frameworks. The paper identifies 37 states with formal environmental review requirements through a document review of state statutes, administrative rules and agency-prepared materials, and confirms this finding through a survey of state administrators. A two-tier classification is used to distinguish states based on the approach taken to address environmental review needs and the scope and depth of relevant policies and procedures implemented. This paper also provides a discussion of policy and programme attributes that may contribute to effective practice, and of the potential for adopting relevant legislation in states where environmental review is currently lacking.     

M3法测定土壤有效态Cd、Cr、Pb和Ni

通过M3法对耕地土壤重金属的联合测定,为土壤重金属污染监测应用提供快速联合测定的方法。用M3法测定北方耕地土壤的有效Cd、Cr、Pb和Ni,通过对M3法与其他方法进行有效重金属测定值差异性及其相关性比较,与全量的浸出率分析等探讨M3法对耕地土壤有效重金属测定的特征。结果表明,M3法在《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618—1995)的土壤重金属含量范围内可以测定土壤有效态重金属Cd、Cr、Pb和Ni,且呈线性极显著相关。M3法与其他方法有效Cd、Cr、Pb和Ni有较好的相关性,与DTPA法呈极显著相关;与NaNO₃法除有效Pb外,呈极显著和显著相关;与HCl法除褐土和潮土的有效Pb外,也呈极显著和显著相关。M3法的有效态Cd、Cr、Pb和Ni的测定值均为最大。M3法对4种耕地土壤有效Cd、Cr、Pb和Ni的浸出率,因土壤类型不同,有效重金属含量所占比率不同,但利用M3法测定的有效态Cd、Cr、Pb和Ni的浸出率最大。