海洋自然环境下舰载武器失效模式分析

目的分析舰载武器在海洋自然环境下的失效模式。方法对舰载武器装备全寿命周期环境剖面进行分析,经过梳理确认与海洋自然环境有关的任务剖面。以提高产品海洋自然环境适应性和可靠性为目标,设计海洋自然环境试验,根据产品实际使用所处的海洋自然环境,确定参试产品投放的位置为远海库内和平台库内。根据产品的组成,确定失效模式分析的对象,给出了失效模式分析的流程。结果基于试验结果,给出了舰载武器在海洋自然环境下的4种失效模式。结论舰载武器在海洋自然环境下的典型失效模式,包括单机壳体表面金属材料生锈、单机产品表面涂漆气泡、活动部件迟钝及接插件表面锈蚀等。     

Investigating new risk reduction and mitigation in the oil and gas industry

The complexity of the processes and the nature of volatile petroleum products urged the oil and gas industry to utilize various risk assessment techniques to identify potential failure modes that can interrupt operation processes. Consequently, government agencies and nonprofit professional societies guide the industry with regulatory guidelines, standards, and best recommended practices to oversee the operations management, assure safe working environment, and contain failures within tolerable limits. Yet, accidents due to electro-mechanical failures still occur and result in various consequences. Accordingly, critics have raised concerns about the petroleum industry's safety and risk mitigation credentials and question its ability to prevent future major accidents. Therefore, new risk assessment tools need to be introduced to provide decision makers and novice engineers with a diverse perception of potential risks. The aim of this paper is verify the application of Risk in Early Design (RED), a product risk assessment tool, in identifying potential failures in the oil and gas industry. Approximately thirty major accident underwent the RED analysis to verify the software's application to identify and rank potential failure modes.     

中空玻璃受热破裂行为规律研究

研究了单层玻璃厚度为6mm,两块玻璃间距为6mm的中空玻璃的受热响应规律,分析了向火面和背火面玻璃板的表面温度、玻璃板向火面中心点处的热通量、两块玻璃的破裂时间、裂纹形态以及玻璃脱落情况等。定义玻璃边长区域范围为[-0.5L,0.5L],则玻璃首次起裂点均位于被遮蔽边上,且在[-0.25L,0.25L]的范围内。进一步研究了遮蔽方式对中空玻璃破裂行为的影响,在本实验条件下,四边遮蔽的向火面玻璃最易破裂,且左右垂直遮蔽比上下水平遮蔽情况下脱落程度严重。     

西南喀斯特石漠化治理植物选择与生态适应性

在概述喀斯特生境特征和主要石漠化治理模式的基础上,对石漠化主要治理植物物种进行了统计分析,从干旱、土壤质量、小生境异质性和地形海拔等方面对石漠化治理植物物种的生态适应性研究进了简要评述。结合现有研究基础和国家对西南喀斯特石漠化区主体生态功能的定位,提出了加强石漠化治理特色植物物种选育研究;治理植物物种生境适应性研究;石漠化治理过程中的植被演替规律研究;不同石漠化治理植被恢复模式的适用性与治理综合效益的监测与评价研究等四个主要研究方向。     

UNITANK工艺降低污泥产率操作的可行性研究

随着改善环境的需求和污水处理行业的发展,污水处理产生的污泥的处置已经成为行业急待解决的问题,无论何种方式的污泥处置都极大地增加了企业的运营成本.针对UNITANK工艺分析了工艺运行的操作特点,并根据SBR反应器中进水与曝气方式对活性污泥产率的影响这一实验结论,论述了UNITANK工艺降低污泥产率操作的可行性.通过对UNITANK工艺进水和曝气阶段操作模式的选择确定工艺操作参数,并对生产采取过程控制,降低污泥产率这一目标是可以达到的.     

甘肃地区春冬季颗粒物输送路径及潜在源分析——基于HYSPLIT4模式及TraPSA分析平台

利用HYSPLIT4模式和全球资料同化系统数据,计算了甘肃地区5个站点2017～2018年逐时72h气团后向轨迹;结合各站点颗粒物逐时质量浓度数据,选择颗粒物污染最严重的春冬季,利用轨迹聚类方法分析了甘肃地区后向气流轨迹特征;基于潜在源贡献函数(PSCF)分析法和浓度权重轨迹(CWT)分析法,将各站点分析结果输入Tra...     

气升式内循环蜂窝陶瓷反应器降解2,4-二氯酚的研究

从以2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)长期驯化的好氧活性污泥中分离出一株以2,4-DCP为唯一碳源的菌种,将这种菌固定在气升式内循环蜂窝陶瓷反应器内,研究了此反应器在半连续流运行时,对2,4-DCP单基质及其与苯酚共基质时对污染物的降解情况及降解动力学.结果表明,2,4-DCP单基质时,反应器对氯酚的去除效果随着实验次数的增加而加快;2,4-DCP与苯酚共基质时,苯酚的降解速率随着半连续流实验次数的增加而加快,而氯酚的降解速率则表现出下降的趋势.此外,还研究了此反应器在连续流运行时对2,4-DCP的降解,水     

The implications of planting mode on cadmium uptake and remobilization in rice: Field experiments across growth stages

•Direct seeding (DS) method led to more distributed Cd in aerial parts of rice. •The Cd content was significantly higher in brown rice with planting mode of DS. •Using DS lessened the Fe plaque covering the root surface in all growth stages. •Transplantation mode should be considered as a priority in Cd-contaminated areas. Global rice production practices have gradually changed from a reliance on transplanting to direct seeding. Yet how this shift may alter cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice is poorly known. Here we conducted field experiments with two rice genotypes cultivars that were planted using three methods: via direct seeding (DS), seedling throwing (ST), and manual transplanting (MT). Rice samples were collected during four growth stages. The formation and distribution of iron plaque were analyzed using DCB (dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate) extractions and observed under micro-XRF (micro X-ray fluorescence). The results revealed that, in each growth stage, DS rice was more apt to harbor Cd distributed in the plant’s aerial parts, and the Cd concentration of brown rice from DS was 21.8%–43.3% significantly higher than those from ST and MT at maturity stage (p<0.05). During the vegetative stages, the Cd uptake percentage was higher in DS than MT rice, and those plants arising from the DS method were capable of absorbing more Cd earlier in their growth and development. Conversely, using DS decreased the amount of iron plaque covering the root surface in every growth stage, especially in the critical period of Cd accumulation, such that the roots’ middle areas were distinguished by a near-complete absence of iron plaque, thus weakening its role as an effective barrier to Cd uptake from soil. Collectively, this study demonstrated that implementing the DS mode of planting will increase Cd’s distribution in the aboveground parts of rice, and heightening the risk of Cd contamination in grain.     

EPC模式下ESCO激励政策设计与实施策略

EPC模式下运行离不开ESCO内在驱动,实施ESCO激励是既有建筑节能改造实践的必然要求。理清既有建筑节能改造ESCO激励政策设计的基本思路,分析ESCO市场发展不同阶段激励政策的实际需求及其演变规律,架构ESCO激励政策体系与实施流程,规划EPC模式下既有建筑节能改造ESCO激励政策实施路径设计与选择过程,提出EPC模式下ESCO激励政策实施有效性提升具体对策,以有效的激励政策调动ESCO积极行为,推动既有建筑节能改造市场健康发展。     

厌氧推流进水对反硝化除磷好氧颗粒污泥系统的影响

实际生活污水成分复杂,且碳氮比较低,而厌氧推流进水可以通过提供局部高底物浓度来加强好氧颗粒污泥对进水中COD的利用.实验采用间歇曝气的方式在序批式反应器（SBR）中培养好氧颗粒污泥,以实际生活污水为进水,接种污水厂污泥.R1采用厌氧快速进水,R2采用厌氧推流进水,探究不同进水模式对生活污水好氧颗粒污泥系统的影响.结果表明,快速厌氧进水条件下,R1中更早出现颗粒结构,但在运行71 d时出现颗粒破裂的现象;应用厌氧推流进水模式的R2生成的颗粒结构较R1的更为致密,颗粒表面更加光滑,且反硝化聚磷菌（DPAO）的富集效果更好.最终R1和R2反应器内DPAO占聚磷菌（PAO）的比例分别为14.17%和22.07%.结果表明,厌氧推流进水模式能够加强颗粒污泥对进水中COD的利用,有利于富集DPAO,生成结构更加致密稳定的颗粒,实现"一碳两用",获得更好的脱氮除磷效果.