苯酚分子印迹聚合物的合成、表征及吸附性能研究

以苯酚为模板,2-Vpy为功能单体,EGDMA为交联剂,采用本体聚合方式在氯仿溶剂中合成了一系列分子印迹聚合物,并通过静态吸附实验对聚合物的选择吸附性进行评价.结果显示,以氯仿作为致孔剂,模板分子与功能单体的摩尔比为1∶2时,聚合物对模板分子的印迹因子为3.96,最大表现结合量(Qmax)为120.7 mmol/g,具...     

混凝-气浮控制三卤甲烷生成势的研究

研究了混凝一气浮工艺对不同分子量区间三卤甲烷生成势（trihalomethanes formation potential,THMFP）的去除效果及絮体形态对THMFP去除效果的影响。结果表明,混凝一气浮工艺以去除大分子量区间THMFP为主,对小分子量区间THMFP的去除效果较差。UV254值与THMFP值的线性相关系数为0．9449,UV254值可以较好地反映THMFP的含量。絮体的分形维数为1．17～1．2时,孔隙率较大,可增加絮体对THMFP的活性吸附空间,且絮体相对密度较小,可增强同向絮凝作用,增加絮体和THMFP的接触概率,有利于气浮对THMFP的去除。     

Degradation of tert-butyl formate and its intermediates by an ozone/UV process

In this paper, the oxidation of tert-butyl formate (TBF) in aqueous solution by an ozone/UV process was described. The oxidation process was investigated experimentally in a semibatch reactor. The results of the study indicated that the ozone/UV process was very effective in oxidizing TBF. tert-Butyl alcohol (TBA), hydroxy-iso-butyraldehyde (HiBA), acetone, formaldehyde, and formic acid were identified as major primary intermediates during the oxidation of TBF. About 90% organic carbon balance was obtained indicating that most reaction intermediates have been identified and quantified. Some of the primary intermediates were also oxidized in the ozone/UV system. Accordingly, HiBA, acetone, formaldehyde, and formic acid were the primary intermediates of TBA oxidation. The oxidation of acetone in the ozone/UV system generated formaldehyde, pyruvaldehyde, acetic acid, formic acid as primary intermediates. It was also observed that the reaction intermediates formed during the oxidation of TBF react well in the ozone/UV system and complete mineralization could be achieved by the process.     

低分子环保型压裂液技术的开发及应用

通过对低分子环保型压裂液体系(LMF)与传统瓜尔胶压裂液体系的性能进行对比分析,得出低分子环保型压裂液体系,无论在工程还是在环保方面,都有明显的优势。它的推广应用,将产生明显的经济和社会效益,为我国绿色环保压裂液的发展,提供了新的思路。     

利用磷肥生产废弃物制备4A分子筛

以磷肥生产废弃物氟硅酸制备氟化铵溶液时副产的白碳黑为原料,以铝矾土为铝源,制备了晶化导向剂,并采用水热法制备了4A分子筛.考察了晶化导向剂加入量、晶化时间和晶化温度对4A分子筛性能的影响.实验结果表明,当晶化导向剂的加入量为7%(质量分数)、晶化温度为80℃、晶化时间为2 h时,制备的4A分子筛的钙交换容量(以CaCO_3计)为336 mg/g,并采用X射线衍射仪和红外光谱仪对4A分子筛的结构进行了表征.     

气相分子吸收光谱法测定印染废水中氨氮的影响因素

采用气相分子吸收法光谱测定印染废水中的氨氮,并对相关影响因素进行探讨。结果证实,硫化物和尿素会对氨氮的测定产生负干扰,硫化物干扰可用乙酸锌-乙酸钠固定液沉淀法去除,尿素干扰可以用稀释法去除,但仅适用于氨氮质量浓度0.10 mg/L且稀释后尿素质量浓度≤100 mg/L的水样;苯胺、浊度和色度对测定无干扰,可直接检测。     

大气中酮类化合物污染事故应急监测

研究了大气中低分子量酮类化合物的气相色谱测定方法 ,进行了线性范围、精密度和准确度实验。结果表明 ,该方法具有简便快捷、准确灵敏的特点 ,适合于大气污染事故应急监测     

气相分子吸收光谱法测定海水中氨氮的干扰因素识别及预处理方法研究

采用气相分子吸收光谱法测定海水样品中的氨氮,重点考察海水中共存离子对氨氮测定结果的影响规律,识别测定过程中主要的干扰因素,并提出消除干扰的预处理方法.研究结果表明,碘离子会对氨氮的测定产生负干扰,当样品中碘离子质量浓度达到0.0765 g/L时,氨氮的测定结果与标准值相比明显降低,且在碘离子质量浓度达到0.1910 g...     

Importance of greater interdisciplinarity and geographic scope when tackling the driving forces behind biological invasions

Invasive non-native species are important drivers of ecosystem change, yet the driving forces of biological invasions themselves are poorly understood. Such information is essential to ensure policies focus on the most relevant drivers, and that future scenarios capture the full range of potential outcomes for invasive non-native species. I carried out a bibliometric analysis of articles published from 2000 to 2020 that address either invasive non-native species or biodiversity and ecosystem services and that also mention 1 or more drivers of ecosystem change. I examined 5 indirect drivers (demographic, economic, governance, sociocultural, and technological) and 6 direct drivers (climate change, invasive non-native species, land-use or sea-use change, natural hazards, pollution, and resource extraction). Using the Web of Science core collection of citation indexes, I undertook searches of article titles and keywords and retrieved 27,462 articles addressing invasive non-native species and 110,087 articles dealing with biodiversity or ecosystem services. Most research to date on biological invasions as well as on biodiversity and ecosystem services has focused on anthropogenic direct drivers of ecosystem change rather than indirect drivers. Yet currently, less than 18% of articles addressing biological invasions examined drivers of ecosystem change, a similar level to that found over 20 years ago for biodiversity or ecosystem services. Knowledge of the drivers of biological invasions is limited, emphasizes tractable drivers over those that require an interdisciplinary approach, and is biased toward developed economies. Drivers generally deemed important for biological invasions, such as governance and resource extraction, accounted for less than 2% of research effort. The absence of a systematic understanding of the forces that drive invasive non-native species and how they interact means that attempts to mitigate or forecast biological invasions are likely to fail. To address biological invasions requires a much better orientation of national and international research on drivers in relation to both their actual importance as well as their policy relevance.     

气相分子吸收光谱法测定海水中的氨氮

采用气相分子吸收光谱法测定海水中的氨氮,并对相关影响因素进行探讨。结果证实,近海岸海水和河口水样品加酸固定后需调节pH值至中性;无须滤膜抽滤,可直接上机检测;所用溴酸盐混合储备液和40%氢氧化钠溶液在25℃保存不宜超过2周,超过25℃应现用现配;采集好的水样不宜长时间保存,应立即测定。方法在ρ(氨氮)为0.01~0.40 mg/L和0.10~2.00 mg/L范围内均具有良好的线性,r值均0.999;方法检出限为0.003 mg/L;实际样品和标准样品的RSD为1.0%~1.6%;加标回收率为94.0%~110%。与次溴酸盐氧化法相比,二者氨氮的测定结果无显著性差异,气相分子吸收光谱法测定氨氮的范围更宽,高浓度的氨氮样品可直接检测,减少稀释带来的误差。