Decomposition of hexachlorobenzene over Al2O3 supported metal oxide catalysts

Decomposition of hexachlorobenzene(HCB)was investigated over several metal oxides(i.e.,MgO,CaO,BaO,La2O3,CeO2,MnO2, Fe2O3,and Co3O4)supported on Al2O3,which was achieved in closed system at a temperature of 300°C.Catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation with different metal oxides loading and impregnating solvents.The decomposition effciency of different catalysts for this reaction depends on the nature of the metal oxide used,and Al2O3 supported La2O3 was found to be the most active one.Pe...     

不同水解方法对土壤中性糖和氨基糖含量测定的影响

碳水化合物是土壤有机质的重要组成成分,其含量和特性对土壤性质有很大的影响。水解试剂的选择对土壤碳水化合物测定的准确度有着至关重要的影响,文章首次研究了不同水解方法测定土壤中性糖和氨基糖含量的差异。结果表明,中性糖的最佳水解条件为4mol·L-1三氟乙酸(TFA)在105℃下水解4h,氨基糖的最佳水解条件为6mol·L-1HCl在105℃下水解8h。此外文章实现了8种中性糖(核糖、鼠李糖、岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖和甘露糖)和4种氨基糖(氨基葡萄糖、氨基半乳糖、氨基甘露糖和胞壁酸)同时在DM-1毛细管气相色谱柱上的基线分离且本方法具有一定的精密度和准确度。该实验的研究将为土壤中性糖和氨基糖的同时分析提供一定的技术支持和理论基础。     

Studying ecological communities from a neutral standpoint: A review of models’ structure and parameter estimation

Neutral models provide an alternative to niche-based assembly rules of ecological communities by assuming that communities’ properties are shaped by the stochastic interplay between ecological drift, migration and speciation. The recent and ongoing interest about neutral assumptions has produced many developments on the theoretical side, with nevertheless limited echoes in terms of analyses of real-world data. The present review paper aims to help bridge the widening gap between modellers and field ecologists through two objectives. First, to provide a multi-criteria typology of the main neutral models, including those from population genetics that have not yet been transposed to ecology, by considering how the fundamental processes of ecological drift, speciation and migration are modelled and, specifically, how space is taken into account. Second, to review methods recently proposed to estimate models parameters from field data, a point that should be mastered to allow for broader applications.     

Plastic shaping of aqueous alumina suspensions with sucrose and maltodextrin additives

Traditional methods for the shape-forming of engineering ceramics entail plastic deformation of powder slurries containing hazardous organic liquids as suspending media. Replacing these organic with aqueous media requires the development of environmentally benign, water-soluble additives which serve as plasticizers and binders. Fundamental studies were performed with aqueous suspensions of colloidal-Al₂O₃ to evaluate the role of sucrose and maltodextrin on viscosity, sedimentation, and filtration characteristics, plastic flow behavior of filter cakes, and sinterability. Maltodextrin systems exhibited superior results, including filtration to high packing densities and clay-like plasticity with minimal cracking.Paper presented at the Bio/Environmentally Degradable Polymer Society—Third National Meeting, June 6–8, 1994, Boston, Massachusetts.Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract W-7405-Eng-82.     

粉煤灰对酸性矿井水处理的研究

粉煤灰是火力发电厂的主要废弃物,能够污染地下水,造成严重的环境问题,而酸性矿井水也是工业污染和地下水资源损失的重要因素.用粉煤灰直接与模拟酸性矿井水作用,探讨作用过程中体系pH,总硬度以及总铁浓度的变化,说明混合灰水作用既有中和又有吸附和絮凝等协同作用.     

关于宽板塑性弯曲变薄理论解的讨论

指出了宽板塑性弯曲原理论解[1]和实验值[2]的矛盾,提出了一种新的理论解法,并与实验值作了比较,二者非常接近。     

Role of Bio-Energy Plantations for Carbon-Dioxide Mitigation with Special Reference to India

Fuelwood plays an important role in the rural economy of the developing countries of Asia and Africa. Optimizing energy fixation in forest trees through high density energy plantations (HDEP), gasification of wood, and conversion of forest tree biomass, are some of the potential areas whereby additional research and development input for efficient management of atmospheric carbon in our energy system can be incorporated. For example, the photosynthetic efficiency of forest trees is rarely above 0.5%, which on the basis of theoretical considerations can be increased by up to 6.6%. Thus there is an ample scope to improve the efficiency up to 1%, which amounts to doubling of the productivity of the forests. Recent policy changes and experiences with wood-based bio-energy programmes in several countries indicate that woodfuels may become increasingly attractive as industrial energy sources. Use of biodiesel and the formulation of a project for undertaking 13.4 million ha of Jatropha plantations in India highlight the seriousness with which the Government of India is promoting carbon neutral energy plantations. The cost of establishment of plantations primarily for fuel production and its conversion to energy are major deterrents in this pursuit. Some of the issues in developing countries, like low productivity on marginal lands, degraded forest lands, and unorganized units for biomass energy conversion, result in cost escalation as compared to other energy sources. This paper revisits the scope for raising energy plantations, a comparison of the direct and indirect mitigation potential uses of plantations as an adaptation strategy through reforestation and afforestation projects for climate change mitigation and socio-economic issues to make this venture feasible in developing countries.     

铜绿微囊藻中性红染色研究

以铜绿微囊藻为材料,研究了中性红染色法在藻细胞活性检测方面的运用。对染色剂浓度、染色时间、细胞密度和细胞活性等条件进行了研究。结果显示,中性红浓度为1/5000,染色时间15min时,染色率可以达到98%以上。而常用的台盼蓝染色效果较差,只有50%左右。在藻细胞活性检测中,中性红比台盼蓝更准确和可靠。     

由粉煤灰提取高纯纳米氧化铝活化过程研究

使用煅烧-沥滤新工艺从粉煤灰中提取高纯氧化铝,探讨了活化过程中活化剂的选择、煅烧工艺等因素对粉煤灰活化过程的影响,结果表明:选用Na2CO3为活化剂,900℃下煅烧2h,粉煤灰被充分活化,可以制得晶型结构为α-Al2O3的纳米粉体,形态为类球状,平均粒径为30-50nm,纯度大于99.6%.该方法具有提取率高、能耗低、污染小、易于操作等优点.     

中和共沉淀法形成铁氧体微晶及其对重金属离子的并合

本文对中和共沉淀法Fe_3O_4生成过程中重金属离子并合程度及其影响因素进行了研究,在实验条件下,发现重金属离子在Fe_3O_4晶格中的并合与其离子半径、电负性和外层电子分布等因素有关。并合程度为:Cu~(2+),CO~(2+),Fe~(2+)>Mn~(2+),Zn~(2+)>Ni~(2+),Cd~(2+),当Fe~(2+)/Fe~(3+)=0.5,pH=9.5±0.5时,对40mgCu~(2+),总铁量(Fe~(2+)+Fe~(3+))2.5g为最小投料量,其并合率可达99.7％以上,相同条件下CO~(2+)并合率大于99.7％,其它重金属离子由于本征特性影响,并合率各不相同,工艺条件适合于污水中Cu~(2+)和Co~(2+)的有效去除,对Mn~(2+),Zn~(2+)的去除也有一定效果,从沉渣的XRD物相分析可知,重金属离子在Fe_3O_4中的并合,是以尖晶石型结构取代式固溶体组成完成的。