Performance evaluation of Nahar oil–diesel blends in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine

This study attempts to use plentiful available high oil content (67% of Nahar seed kernel) non-edible feedstock as a source for powering diesel engine. Various performance and emission characteristics of prepared Nahar oil–diesel blends (5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) are analyzed in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine at different load spectrum, in order to judge the optimum blend, which can be efficiently used in a diesel engine. 10% blending of Nahar oil with diesel fuel has shown a reduction in hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emission by 8.64% and 8.34%, respectively. With the increase in blend concentration, the nitrogen oxide emission decreased considerably and smoke emission increased slightly. Further pressure crank angle and heat release rate analysis of 10% blending of Nahar oil with diesel confirms its smooth combustion inside the engine combustion chamber.     

An effective approach to improve ethanol productivity by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of rice straw

Fuel ethanol was produced using rice straw with the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) method. The influence of cellulose liquefaction pretreatment and Fe²⁺ quantity on ethanol productivity was investigated in detail. At the same time, the optimized conditions including fermentation temperature, Fe²⁺ amount, yeast inoculation quantity, and the inoculated cellulose enzyme dosage in the SSF process were systematically investigated by analyzing fuel ethanol yield. The result indicated that fuel ethanol yield was 0.319 g per gram rice straw by SSF approach when appropriate amount of Fe²⁺ was added into the reaction system. The optimal technology parameters were: fermenting temperature of 36°C, Fe²⁺ amount of 4 mg · g^?1, inoculating proportion of 20%, cellulose enzyme of 20 IU · g^?1, and Pachysolen tannophilu/saecharomyces cerevisiae of 1:2 ratio. The ethanol yield under the best conditions was larger than that of the control group. We hope that this research can facilitate to achieve large-scale comprehensive utilization for rice straw.     

Insiders and outsiders: local government and NGO engagement in disaster response in Guimaras,Philippines

This paper examines local government and non‐governmental organisation (NGO) engagement in disaster response in the wake of the M/T Solar 1 oil spill in Guimaras, Western Visayas, Philippines, on 11 August 2006. It assesses the response activities of these two entities as well as the institutional factors that affected their interaction on the ground. Local government and NGO engagement was shaped by multi‐layered, overlapping, and oftentimes contending government‐designed response frameworks. Within these frameworks, government actors played the role of primary implementer and provider of relief, allowing them to determine who could be involved and the extent of their involvement. The absence of formal roles for NGOs in these frameworks not only undermines their ability to work in a setting where such institutional set‐ups are operational but also it reaffirms their ‘outsider’ status. This study of the Guimaras oil spill illustrates the complexity and the institutional difficulties inherent in disaster response and coordination in the Philippines.     

油田作业废水臭氧化处理技术的实验研究

针对油田作业废水(COD)高、难降解的特点,探讨了废水的pH、COD初始浓度、臭氧投加量和臭氧化时间等因素对油田作业废水的COD去除效果的影响。结果表明,臭氧化对油田作业废水COD去除效果影响的主要因素为废水pH、废水的COD和臭氧投加量;当废水的COD为1064.0mg/L、pH为3.0、臭氧投加量为10g/L时,废水的COD去除率达到69.1%;臭氧化处理对低浓度油田作业废水的COD去除效果低于其对高浓度废水的处理效果。     

CC-100复合型绝热涂层系统在油气储罐上的应用研究

塔里木油田主力油区年平均气温高且昼夜温差大,普通油气储罐的油气蒸发损耗大,同时由于油气蒸发导致储罐附近油气浓度大,存在一定安全隐患,对储罐周围的环境也造成一定污染。CC-100复合型绝热涂层系统具有高反射率、高辐射率、低导热系数、低蓄热系数的特点,通过在塔里木油田的应用,有效降低了油气储罐表面温度和油气损耗。文章对该绝热涂层系统在塔里木油田的应用情况及取得的效果进行了论述。     

高效物化法处理炼油废水

采用斜板式隔油沉淀与两级混凝气浮组成的工艺处理炼油废水。隔油池中设置斜板提高了油与悬浮物的去除率，同时也提高了油的回收量。循环式刮油刮泥机可及时刮除浮油与沉泥。混凝使胶粒与乳化油粒脱稳、聚集，易被气浮法去除。两级气浮串联使气浮系统的去除效率高并运行稳定。     

基于油冷管失效的振动试验方法的研究

本文研究了普通轿车变速箱油冷器连接管路的典型失效模式。通过采集实车振动谱,采用快速傅立叶变换成PSD图谱并分析频域特点,选择特征点能量修正试验台架规范的输入,从而复现失效模式达到充分验证的目的。     

稠油及超稠油污水达标外排处理工艺研究

稠油及超稠油污水具有黏度大、油水密度差小、乳化严重、水温高、水质水量变化大、成分复杂等特点,该废水的B/C小于0.3,属于难生物降解污水.通过试验表明,采用预处理工艺先除油、除悬浮物,再进行生物处理工艺去除可生化降解COD,最后经过深度处理工艺去除残余的难生化降解COD,可保证处理后水质全面达标.     

油田污水膜法处理工艺优化及膜污染分析

利用扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、能谱分析等对油田采出水膜污染的机理进行研究,确定了污水中的有机污染物是导致膜污染的主要因素.通过优化预处理,控制膜污染,形成以生物接触氧化为核心的预处理与膜过滤相集成的油田污水资源化处理工艺.现场试验结果表明：预处理后污水COD67.3～92.6mg/L,浊度〈0.5NTU,悬浮物〈1.0mg/L,含油〈1.0mg/L,保障了膜过滤系统的稳定运行.膜过滤产水达到油田锅炉用水和配制聚合物用水标准.     

国内外废弃油脂的处理情况及利用方式概述

介绍了国内外废油脂的产生及回收利用现状,研究了废油脂不同的处理利用技术,并重点分析了生物柴油技术的制备应用。