南宁市酸沉降来源的研究

建立2类模式(拉格朗日烟团轨迹模式和欧拉模式)研究南宁市的酸雨成因,计算出硫沉降场的分布特征和南宁市与广西各地区之间硫输送的关联矩阵.结果表明,2001年外来源的贡献占南宁市总硫沉降量的72%,而本地源的贡献占南宁市总硫沉降量的28%,故在南宁市的酸雨形成过程中外地源占据主导地位.自2001年8月-2002年9月,桂林、柳州、梧州、南宁4个城市环保监测站同步进行的10次降雨过程的pH观测结果亦表明,对南宁市硫沉降贡献最大的仍为外来源.因此,这2类模式的计算结果合理.      

Can imitation explain dialect origins?

Imitation is one of the central processes underlying learning. Although the mechanisms of imitation at the individual level have received considerable attention, the population effects of imitative behavior have scarcely been investigated. In this paper I address the problem of self-organization at the population level emerging from imitative behavior between individuals. The model considered is a modification of that developed by Durrett and Levin [Durrett, R., Levin, S.A., 2005. Can stable social groups be maintained by homophilous imitation alone? J. Econ. Behav. Organ. 57, 267–286] in investigation of the coexistence of social groups. I modified the previous model in order to approach it in describing not only human societies but also animal populations with simpler cultures. In contrast with the other studies, I do not assume any payoffs related to imitation behavior and the existence of social rank. Individuals are assumed to be of equal rank and to accept opinions of others in proportion to their similarity (homophilous imitation). The symmetrical structure of interactions induces random drift and development of stable self-organized social groups in both homogeneous and spatially distributed societies. This type of self-organization may be widely distributed in natural systems, where imitative behavior takes place. In particular, it can be involved in origins of dialects and ring species.     

新疆叶尔羌河流域地表水水化学特征及控制因素

本文运用Piper三线图、Gibbs图、饱和指数和离子比例关系等方法分析新疆叶尔羌河流域地表水水化学特征及其控制因素,对流域地表水资源合理开发利用具有重要意义.结果表明,地表水pH范围为7.40~8.33,均值为7.92,整体呈弱碱性.河水、渠水和水库水的溶解性总固体（TDS）均值呈现依次递增的趋势,其中河水的TDS均值为429.24 mg·L^-1,高于世界河流的平均值（115 mg·L^-1）.河水的水化学类型主要为HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Na和SO₄·HCO₃·Cl-Ca·Na·Mg型.渠水的水化学类型主要为HCO₃·SO₄·Cl-Ca·Na型.水库水的水化学类型主要为SO₄·Cl-Na·Ca型.叶尔羌河沿程河水TDS呈连续增加趋势,提孜那甫河沿程河水TDS呈连续波动变化,而主要离子的变化趋势较为复杂.地表水体离子主要受岩石风化、蒸发结晶和阳离子交换作用影响,其中岩石风化作用过程中以石膏和岩盐的溶解为主.此外,人类活动对下游地表水水化学组分具有重要影响.     

河南黄河改道区浅层地下水化学特征与主控污染源解析

黄河下游的河南北部平原是黄河频繁发生改道的地区.该地区浅层地下水水质较差且超标组分类型多,但是多种因素影响下各环境因子对水质的贡献作用仍需进一步得到量化.为了明确研究区浅层地下水的水质成因,采集330组浅层地下水样品进行区域性水质调查,通过主成分-绝对主成分得分-多元线性回归（PCA-APCS-MLR）模型揭示豫北黄河改道区的浅层地下水水质演化来源.结果表明,研究区浅层地下水超标率从高到低依次为：锰>铁>总硬度>溶解性总固体>钠>氟>砷>氯离子>硫酸根>铵根,特别是锰的超标率达到76％.水-岩溶滤富集作用、土壤来源、氧化还原条件和农业活动这4种因素是导致地下水水质较差的主要原因,四者方差累积解释率达到71.24％,同时地表水的补给也会影响地下水质.新乡等北部的黄河故道区地下水中,铁、砷、铵根、总硬度和TDS等组分主要受到水-岩溶滤作用和氧化还原条件影响造成浓度增加;黄河沿岸的水-岩溶滤作用、土壤来源与黄河侧向补给造成水中氟的富集;高锰地下水受到土壤组分影响广泛存在于研究区,而个别地区农业活动和地表水补给造成硝酸盐的点状污染.     

元素-锶同位素技术在农产品原产地溯源中的应用

农产品质量安全及其产地溯源是当今世界共同关注的问题。国际上,将元素-同位素技术应用到农产品溯源领域正受到极大关注。通过研究农产品原产地土壤、岩石、降水及地表水等环境因子中元素-同位素组成与农产品之间的对应关系,可定位农产品原产地及其生长地域环境地球化学特征。目前,追溯农产品产地的技术方法存在同位素分馏效应,人为干扰因素...     

Assessment of heavy metal contamination in Hindon River sediments: a chemometric and geochemical approach

The aim of this study was to assess the level of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the surface sediments of the Hindon River, India that receives both treated and untreated municipal and industrial discharges generated in and around Ghaziabad, India. Mean metals concentrations (mg kg⁻¹) were in the range of; Cu: 21.70-280.33, Cd: 0.29-6.29, Fe: 4151.75-17318.75, Zn: 22.22.50-288.29, Ni: 13.90-57.66, Mn: 49.55-516.97, Cr: 17.48-33.70 and Pb: 27.56-313.57 respectively. Chemometric analysis was applied to identify contribution sources by heavy metals while geochemical approaches (enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index) were exploited for the assessment of the enrichment and contamination level of heavy metals in the river sediments. Chemometric analysis suggested anthropic origin of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, and Ni while Fe showed lithogenic origin. Mn and Cr was associated and controlled by mixed origin. Geochemical approach confirms the anthropogenic influence of heavy metal pollution in the river sediments. The study suggests that a complementary approach that integrates chemometric analysis, sediment quality criteria, and geochemical investigation should be considered in order to provide a more accurate appraisal of the heavy metal pollution in river sediments. Consequently, it may serve to undertake and design effective strategies and remedial measures to prevent further deterioration of the river ecosystem in future.     

新装修居室甲醛污染的危害与控制技术

综述了新装修居室的甲醛对人体健康的危害，通过分析污染的来源，提出了切实可行的控制方法。     

室内环境污染与人体健康

主要介绍了室内环境污染的来源及对人类健康的影响、污染物的监测方法，并针对我国的实际情况提出控制室内污染的措施。     

室内空气污染现状及控制研究

由于大量新型建筑材料、建筑装饰材料以及日用化学用品的使用,这些材料在室内会释放出大量有害的成份,室内空气污染问题已经引起了人们的广泛重视.本文在大量文献调研的情况下,得出目前室内污染物的主要成份为室内总挥发性有机物(TVOC)、氡、石棉和微生物.装饰、装修材料仍然为室内空气污染物的主要来源,本文给出了室内空气污染的预防措施防治措施.通过分析可以得出,应该重视对室内环境质量的监测控制和管理.     

喀拉通克铜镍硫化矿地质特征及找矿预测

喀拉通克铜镍硫化物矿床产于侵位于准噶尔褶皱系的中基性岩体群中 ,下石炭统南明水组是这些岩体的直接围岩 ,岩体群呈带状沿NW向断裂带分布 ,主要岩体分异良好 ,由上至下可划分为 :黑云母石英闪长岩相、黑云母石英角闪辉长岩相、黑云母角闪苏长岩相和黑云母角闪橄榄苏长岩相 ;各岩相之间均呈渐变过渡关系 ,矿体均赋存于中基性岩体的橄榄苏长岩相、苏长岩相和橄榄辉绿辉长岩中 ,矿体形态与岩体基本一致 ,反映出本区铜镍矿体均受中基性岩体控制。这些含矿岩体具有“三高一低”的地球物理特征。矿床的硫同位素、铅同位素、锶同位素和稀土元素特征表明 :这些岩体群具有明显的亲缘性 ,它们和成矿物质均来源于地幔的玄武岩浆。最后 ,根据这些特征指出了找矿方向