基于响应曲面法的臭氧生成敏感性分析

准确判断臭氧(O₃)生成敏感性对O₃污染成因分析和防控对策的制定至关重要.首次利用响应曲面方法设计最优试验方案,基于盒子模式模拟结果,快速量化O₃对其前体物变化的响应.结果表明,CO对O₃有正贡献,NO_x和VOCs与O₃呈现显著非线性关系,当φ(VOCs)与[φ(NO_x)-13.75]比值大于4.17时,为NO_x控制区,小于4.17时,为VOCs控制区;烯烃为影响O₃生成的关键VOCs组分,当φ(烯烃)与[φ(NO_x)-15]比值小于1.10且φ(烯烃)<35×10^-9时,烯烃有利于O₃的生成.响应曲面法在多因素和其交互作用对O₃生成影响的研究中取得了良好效果,为高效判断O₃敏感性提供了新的思路和方法.     

沈阳工业区夏季VOCs组成特征及其对二次污染形成的贡献

利用2019年和2020年夏季沈阳市工业区大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)的观测数据,研究沈阳市夏季工业区大气VOCs的组成特征并初步判断其来源,并利用最大增量反应活性(MIR)和气溶胶生成系数(FAC)法分别估算该地大气VOCs的臭氧生成潜势(OFP)及二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(AFP).结果表明,观测期间沈阳市工业区ρ(总VOCs)平均值为41.66μg·m^-3,烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃和乙炔分别占总VOCs浓度的48.50%、 14.08%、 15.37%和22.05%.浓度排名前10的物种累计占总VOCs浓度的69.25%,其中大部分为C2～C5的烷烃,还包括乙炔、乙烯和部分芳香烃.总VOCs整体上呈现出早晚浓度高、中午浓度低的日变化特征,峰值分别出现在06:00和22:00,11:00～16:00处于较低水平.由甲苯/苯(T/B)和异戊烷/正戊烷的比值判断工业区主要受机动车尾气排放、溶剂使用、燃烧源和LPG/NG的影响.工业区大气VOCs的总AFP为41.43×10^-2μg·m^-3,其中芳香烃的贡献最大;总OFP贡献值为1...     

2021年夏季新乡市城区臭氧超标日污染特征及敏感性

基于2021年6～8月新乡市市委党校站点观测的挥发性有机物(VOCs)、常规空气污染物和气象参数,采用基于观测的模型(OBM)对臭氧(O₃)超标日的O₃敏感性和前体物的管控策略进行了研究.结果发现,O₃超标日呈现高温、低湿和低压的气象特征.在臭氧超标日,O₃及其前体物的浓度均有上升.臭氧超标日的VOCs最高浓度组分为含氧挥发性有机物(OVOCs)和烷烃,臭氧生成潜势(OFP)和·OH反应性最大的VOCs组分为OVOCs.通过相对增量反应性(RIR)分析,新乡6月O₃超标日臭氧生成处于VOCs控制区,7月和8月处于VOCs和氮氧化物(NO_x)协同控制区,臭氧生成对烯烃和OVOCs最为敏感.6月各前体物的RIR值在一天中会发生变化,但始终保持为VOCs控制区;7月和8月在上午为VOCs控制区,中午为协同控制区,下午分别为协同控制区和NO_x控制区.通过模拟不同前体物削减情景,结果表明削减VOCs始终有利于管控臭氧,而削减NO_x     

京津冀城市群冬季二次PM2.5的时空分布特征

二次组分是造成京津冀城市群冬季PM_2.5污染的重要因素.采用CO示踪法,估算2017～2021年冬季京津冀城市群二次PM_2.5浓度,并分析其时空分布特征,探讨区域二次PM_2.5的影响因素.结果表明,2017～2021年冬季京津冀区域PM_2.5浓度下降趋势明显,河北中南部一次PM_2.5下降幅度最大,二次PM_2.5浓度年际波动平稳,北京和天津二次PM_2.5占比明显高于其他城市.随着污染程度加剧,一次PM_2.5和二次PM_2.5质量浓度均有不同程度的增加,二次PM_2.5占比呈显著增大趋势.与直接测量结果相比,CO示踪法获得的结果偏低,与冬季CO浓度较高,一次PM_2.5浓度高估有关,选取合适的一次气溶胶基准值是改进该方法,获取合理估算值的关键.     

Comparison of temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Ozone Pollution at Ground Level in the Eastern China

Monitoring data from ozone（O3） automatic stations in three typical cities with different climatic areas in the southern and northern parts of eastern China are used to analyze temporal and spatial characteristics of ozone pollution at ground level. The results show that ozone pollution level has distinct regional differences and the concentration in the suburbs is higher than that in the urban areas. The seasonal variation of ozone concentration in different climatic areas is greatly affected by the variation of precipitation. Ozone concentration in Shenyang and Beijing , in the temperate zone, has one perennial peak concentration, occurring in early summer, May or June. Ozone concentration in Guangzhou, in sub-tropical zone, has two peak values year round. The highest values occur in October and the secondary high value in June. The ozone season in the south is longer than that in the north. The annual average daily peak value of ozone concentrations in different climates usually occur around 3 pm. The diurnal variation range of ozone concentration declines with the increase of latitude. Ozone concentration does not elevate with the increase of traffic flow. Ozone concentration in Guangzhou has a distinct reverse relation to CO and NOx. This complicated non-linearity indicates that the equilibrium of ozone photochemical reaction has regional differences. Exceeding the rate of Beijing＇s lh ozone concentration is higher than that of Guangzhou, whereas the average 8h ozone level is lower than that of Guangzhou, indicating that areas in low latitude are more easily affected by moderate ozone concentrations and longer exposure. Thus, China should work out standards for 8h ozone concentration.     

Seasonal variations of Rn concentrations in the air of a tunnel located in Nagano city

The seasonal variation of 222Rn concentrations in the air of tunnels constructed during World War II at Nagano City has been investigated. The determination of 222Rn concentrations in tunnel air was performed using a solid-state nuclear track detector technique. The monthly radon concentrations changed smoothly, decreasing towards winter and increasing towards summer, and it was found that the concentrations strongly correlate with the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the tunnel. In the innermost areas of the tunnel, the maximum concentration was observed in July, its value being about 6500 Bq m (-3). The concentrations of radon in the tunnel air decrease exponentially towards the openings of the tunnel, which indicates that the radon concentration in the tunnel is basically governed by diffusion and mixing of radon gas with air. These observations lead to the conclusion that the seasonal variation of the radon concentration in the tunnel air is mainly caused by a convection current due to a stack effect induced by the temperature difference between the tunnel air and the outside air.     

臭氧-生物活性炭组合工艺中最佳臭氧投加剂量的确定

在水处理过程中投加臭氧,可提高饮用水的可生物降解性.臭氧氧化后继的生物过滤,可以减少水中可生物降解有机物数量,提高饮用水的生物稳定性.试验表明,臭氧投加量2～8mg/L可使AOC-P17,AOC-NOX和BDOC分别增加20.9%～85.5%,42.1%～158.2%和21.4%～84.4%.臭氧投加量为3mg/L时,AOC和BDOC增加得最多,即3mg/L的臭氧投量为最佳投加剂量.生物活性炭滤柱(BAC)出水AOC浓度(乙酸碳)均低于50μg/L,在35.9～46.6μg/L之间,属于生物稳定性水质.     

大气臭氧浓度升高对丛枝菌根(AM)及其功能的影响

通过模拟大气O₃浓度(0.02μL·L^-1、0.1μL·L^-1和0.2μL·L^-1)升高,观察其对丛枝菌根(AM)及功能的影响.结果表明,大气O₃浓度升高对菌根侵染率影响较小,但对孢子和外生菌丝影响显著,高浓度O₃时的孢子数比自然O₃浓度时增加1倍,低、高浓度O₃分别使AM外生菌丝量比自然浓度时下降48.7%和85.6%.随着O相似文献   

固定式可燃气体检测报警器运行管理中存在的问题及对策

针对固定式可燃气体检测报警器运行管理中存在的问题进行了分析,并提出整治措施.     

石油化工企业有限空间中的气体检测

介绍了便携式气体检测报警仪用于石油化工企业中有限空间的气体检测时的采样方法、检测点选择、检测工作程序以及检测结果的处理.