Toxic effects of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide on the wheat seedlings

The toxic effects of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide ([C8mim]Br) on wheat seedlings were evaluated. Wheat seedlings were cultivated in aqueous solution with [C8mim]Br at di erent concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 mg/L). The contents of photosynthetic pigment and proline, peroxidation of membrane lipid, and activities of antioxidation enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase) in leaves were measured on day 7 after treatment with [C8mim]Br. The results showed that [C8mim]Br significantly decreased the contents of photosynthetic pigments, activities of antioxidant enzymes in the wheat leaves and in dry weight of seedlings, while increased the proline content and membrane lipid peroxidation. The results suggested that [C8mim]Br can inhibit photosynthesis and lead to oxidative stress to wheat seedlings.     

湖泊沉积物再悬浮对苦草光合机能的影响

不同光照强度下,研究湖泊表层沉积物再悬浮对苦草光合机能的影响。沉积物再悬浮后大量颗粒细粒径(4μm)颗粒附着在苦草的叶片上,造成叶片的叶绿素含量降低、叶绿体电子传递速率(ETR)和光合系统I(IPSII)活力(Yield)降低、光能耗散过程变化等不利的影响,并且弱光条件下影响程度较大。文章认为水体沉积物再悬浮对沉水植物的影响主要是细粒径(4μm)颗粒的作用。太湖沉积物再悬浮后细质颗粒附着在苦草叶片上,影响其光合机能,是苦草种群退化的重要机制之一。     

高速公路建设对牡荆生理因子影响的研究

以生物化学手段测定了高速公路建设中牡荆的净光合速率、叶绿素含量和硝酸还原酶活性,并用统计学方法进行了分析。结果表明:不同监测样方的净光合速率、叶绿素含量和硝酸还原酶活性存在着显著的差异,即均川最高,柳林次之,钱场最低,这可能与各监测样方受到高速公路建设所造成的环境污染程度不同有关。同时,高速公路的建设所造成的环境污染对叶绿素含量产生较大影响,使各监测样方的叶绿素含量随时间变化有下降趋势。本研究为高速公路的生态破坏和恢复监测评价提供了依据。     

Elevated atmospheric CO2 and drought effects on leaf gas exchange properties of barley

Atmospheric CO₂ concentration (C_a) is rising, predicted to cause global warming, and alter precipitation patterns. During 1994, spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Alexis) was grown in a strip-split-plot experimental design to determine the effects that the main plot C_a treatments [A: Ambient at 370 μmol (CO₂) mol⁻¹; E: Enriched with free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) at ∼550 μmol (CO₂) mol⁻¹] had on several gas exchange properties of fully expanded sunlit primary leaves. The interacting strip-split-plot irrigation treatments were Dry or Wet [50% (D) or 100% (W) replacement of potential evapotranspiration] at ample nitrogen (261 kg N ha⁻¹) and phosphorous (29 kg P ha⁻¹) fertility. Elevated C_a facilitated drought avoidance by reducing stomatal conductance (g_s) by 34% that conserved water and enabled stomata to remain open for a longer period into a drought. This resulted in a 28% reduction in drought-induced midafternoon depression in net assimilation rate (A). Elevated C_a increased A by 37% under Dry and 23% under Wet. Any reduction in A under Wet conditions occurred because of nonstomatal limitations, whereas under Dry it occurred because of stomatal limitations. Elevated C_a increased the diurnal integral of A (A′) that resulted in an increase in the seasonal-long integral of A′ (A″) for barley leaves by 12% (P = 0.14) under both Dry and Wet - 650, 730, 905 and 1020 ± 65 g (C) m⁻² y⁻¹ for AD, ED, AW and EW treatments, respectively. Elevated C_a increased season-long average dry weight (DW_S; crown, shoots) by 14% (P = 0.02), whereas deficit irrigation reduced DW_S by 7% (P = 0.06), although these values may have been affected by a short but severe pea aphid [Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)] infestation. Hence, an elevated-C_a-based improvement in gas exchange properties enhanced growth of a barley crop.     

UV-B辐射增强与O3胁迫对冬小麦光合特征的影响

为探明UV-B和O3复合胁迫对冬小麦光合作用的影响,开展了UV-B和O3单因子及其复合的大田开顶式气室（OTC）试验（CK,自然空气和UV-B辐射强度;T1,O3含量100 nmol.mol-1±9 nmol.mol-1;T2,UV-B辐射强度相对CK增加10%～10.9%;T3,复合处理组）,利用LCpro＋光合仪和...     

黔中地区不同林龄马尾松小气候特征研究

以黔中地区不同林龄马尾松人工林为研究对象,采用时空替代法,选取农田（对照）、林窗、中林龄、近熟林、成熟林和过熟林6个样地,每月选择代表日分时段测量光照强度、光通量密度、气温、相对湿度、蒸气压亏损和风速等小气候指标,同时对样地内不同垂直高度（0.5,1.0和1.5m）观测指标进行比较.结果表明：（1）除风速随测量高度变化（1.5m > 1.0m > 0.5m）差异极显著外（P<0.01）,其余观测指标随测量高度均无显著差异（P>0.05）.（2）观测时段内,不同林龄马尾松林小气候均存在显著性差异（P<0.05）,其中光照强度、光通量密度、气温、蒸气压亏损和风速变化为农田 > 林窗 > 马尾松林;相对湿度变化为马尾松林 > 林窗 > 农田.（3）与农田相比,马尾松林分别降低了光照强度、光通量密度、气温、蒸气压亏损和风速的917.36%、837.35%、5.33%、30.77%、193.58%,增加了6.39%的相对湿度,具有显著的遮阳降温、增湿保湿、维持林冠下小气候稳定的作用.在演替前期,抵挡阳光和风速的效果明显,而在后期,降温增湿以及保湿效果显著.舒适度评价显示,除冬季外,黔中地区马尾松林可发挥良好的森林康养和游憩生态功能.     

稻田土壤光合细菌群落对镉污染的响应

稻田重金属污染每年造成水稻产量的巨大损失,重金属污染问题日益受到人们的关注.因此,了解不同镉污染水平下水稻土微生态及理化性质的变化具有重要意义.本研究通过16S测序技术探讨稻田土壤光合细菌群落对不同镉污染水平的响应.结果表明,随着镉污染程度升高,pH值、总镉和有效镉含量逐渐降低.高镉组、中镉组和低镉组的土壤α多样性差异较小,富集的光合细菌种群具有显著差异,光合细菌群落之间也均具有显著差异.高镉组光合细菌物种之间有效连接明显多于中镉和低镉组,连接更紧密且密度更高.碱性氮、pH、有效磷、有效钾、总氮、总磷、有机质、总镉和有效镉是影响光合细菌群落的重要因素,与光合细菌群落显著相关,解释了59.90%的光合细菌群落变异,其中有效镉含量与Methylorubrum populi、Methylorubrum extorquens、Methylobacterium sp.Leaf125和Rhodopseudomonas sp.AAP120显著正相关（R>0.05,P<0.05）.本研究对了解镉污染对稻田土壤特定功能微生物种群的影响具有重要意义.     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）对斜生栅藻的致毒效应研究

为了评估邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)对水生生物的毒性效应,采用室内培养的方法,研究了DBP对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)的急性毒性效应.实验设置5个暴露组(5、10、20、50、100mg·L-1)和1个对照组(0mg·L-1),暴露96h后分别测定DBP对斜生栅藻生长量、光合色素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量等生理生化指标的影响.结果表明,各暴露组DBP对斜生栅藻的生长均有抑制作用,随DBP暴露浓度的增大,藻细胞密度逐渐降低,显示出明显的剂量-效应关系.DBP对斜生栅藻的24、48、72、96h的EC50值分别为3.31、15.49、1.95、2.21mg·L-1.叶绿素a、b及类胡萝卜素含量随着DBP暴露浓度的增大呈现相同的变化趋势,均为低浓度(5～10mg·L-1)上升,高浓度(10～100mg·L-1)下降.随DBP暴露浓度的增大,斜生栅藻SOD活性表现为先激活后抑制,在20mg·L-1时SOD活性达到最大值(与对照比较,p<0.05);当DBP暴露浓度≥10mg·L-1时,MDA含量随DBP浓度的增大显著增加(与对照比较,p<0.05,p<0.01).     

有机废水的复合光合细菌法处理及机理初探

将光合细菌法与活性污泥法结合组成的复合光合细菌微生物菌群,对不同有机废水进行降解试验．结果表明：复合光合菌群具有单一方法处理有机废水的优点,复合菌群比普通活性污泥的比降解效果高出１８ ％～３９ ％ ,在复合菌群的微生物组成中,多样性指数高于普通活性污泥,且光合细菌的优势度明显