典型污染稻田水分管理对水稻镉累积的影响

为探讨不同成土母质镉污染稻田土壤进行水分管理对水稻镉吸收累积的影响,以南方典型成土母质花岗岩、板页岩和紫色砂页岩发育的3种水稻土为对象,通过盆栽试验对比分析了淹水和干湿交替2种水分管理模式下,土壤pH值、DTPA提取态重金属、水稻根表铁膜以及不同部位重金属含量等的差异.结果表明,长期淹水处理使花岗岩、板页岩和紫色砂页岩发育水稻土pH升高了0.17~1.33个单位.在水稻灌浆和成熟期,淹水处理的3种水稻土DTPA提取态镉（DTPA-Cd）含量较干湿交替降低了14.39%~36.56%（P<0.05）.但淹水处理土壤DTPA提取态铁（DTPA-Fe）含量较干湿交替上升了35.35%~347.25%（P<0.05）.3个生育时期水稻根表铁膜镉、锰（除铁膜铁外）元素含量在2种水分处理下变化趋势均为分蘖期 < 灌浆期 < 成熟期.淹水处理使3种稻田土中糙米镉含量较干湿交替降低了57.84%~93.79%,且花岗岩、板页岩发育水稻土淹水处理降镉效果显著（P<0.05）.将3种水稻土土壤pH、DTPA-Cd、DTPA-Fe、根表铁膜以及糙米镉含量进行相关性及结构方程模型（SEM）分析,发现淹水降低稻米镉累积主要是通过提高土壤pH及增加土壤Fe的有效性,从而降低了土壤Cd的有效性,并且改变水稻根表铁膜对镉的吸附固定量.因此,水分管理模式调控稻米镉累积效应在不同土壤母质类型间存在明显差异,受土壤理化性质及根表铁膜等多重因素影响,且在不同母质发育水稻土上的作用机制并不完全一致.在镉污染的花岗岩、板页岩发育水稻土上进行水分管理可有效降低土壤镉的有效性,达到削减水稻对镉吸收累积的目标.综上,对于水分管理调控水稻镉吸收累积应根据成土母质类型区别进行.     

耐镉细菌联合电动技术修复镉污染土壤的研究

为提高传统电动技术对重金属污染土壤的修复效果以及经济效益,本研究采用耐镉细菌联合电动修复技术修复镉污染土壤.通过在含镉土壤中接种3种耐镉细菌Escherichia coli strain、Bacillus sp.和Bacillus cereus strain,以电压梯度1 V·cm^-1通电10 d,比较不同耐镉细菌对土壤Cd去除和形态转化,以及电能消耗的影响.结果表明,接种Escherichia coli strain、Bacillus sp.、Bacillus cereus strain的试验组比传统电动修复的Cd去除率分别提高7.63%、17.21%、19.53%;单位修复能耗分别降低64.78、109.52、116.54 kW·min·mg^-1.由于Bacillus cereus strain对Cd²⁺的吸附量高于Escherichia coli strain和Bacillus sp.,且能有效降低土壤中Cd的生物毒性,因此采用Bacillus cereus strain联合电动技术修复镉污染土壤时效果最佳,Cd去除率达到30.77%,单位修复耗能为48.94 kW·min·mg^-1.     

超顺磁性纳米材料对镉污染稻田土壤微生物和酶的影响

以磁性纳米Fe₃O₄和羟基磷灰石等为原料,制备出超顺磁性纳米Fe₃O₄-磷酸盐功能化材料（MFH）,通过在镉污染稻田土壤中投加MFH,对土壤进行磁选修复.选择对Cd具有高、低富集两种水稻,在修复后土壤中进行盆栽试验,研究MFH磁选修复对土壤微生物和酶的影响,探究该材料应用于农田镉污染修复的可能性.结果表明,施用MFH修复镉污染土壤,对Cd污染土壤有较好的修复效果,土壤中总Cd和有效态Cd浓度有了明显降低,总镉去除率为38.9%,有效镉下降率为27.3%,并且两种水稻籽粒中Cd含量均显著降低.采用MFH磁选修复土壤镉后,在两种水稻拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期土壤微生物群落多样性、群落丰富度均有所降低;栽培Cd高富集的玉针香水稻品种的处理在拔节期和抽穗期稻田土壤优势细菌Firmicutes丰度显著增加.采用MFH磁选修复土壤镉后,在两种水稻拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期土壤脲酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性以及土壤过氧化物酶活性均得到了提高;栽种Cd高富集品种玉针香的土壤POD酶活性比栽种低富集品种湘晚籼13号的土壤POD酶活性要略高,而脲酶活性则相反.     

谷壳灰硅肥改善土壤质量降低水稻镉砷累积的效应

为研究谷壳灰制备硅肥对水稻不同生育期土壤重金属镉（Cd）和砷（As）生物有效性、酶活性、微生物群落结构和糙米重金属含量的影响,开展水稻盆栽试验.结果表明,施用0.1%~1.0%谷壳灰硅肥能提高土壤pH值0.04~0.24个单位,有效硅含量44.2%~97.5%,也能降低土壤有效态Cd含量16.2%~21.4%,有效态As含量16.0%~24.9%;随施加量的增大各生育期土壤酶活性增大,其中蔗糖酶活性显著增大6.3%~145.7%,脱氢酶活性显著增大6.7%~224.1%;分析土壤成熟期微生物群落结构显示,施用谷壳灰硅肥不影响微生物α-多样性,但对微生物β-多样性产生显著影响,促进微生物生长,维持群落结构稳定性;随施加量的增大,糙米Cd含量降低了29.3%~89.7%,糙米总As和无机As含量分别降低7.8%~42.3%和17.2%~44.5%,当施用量在0.5%和1.0%时水稻糙米ω（Cd）<0.2 mg·kg^-1,ω（无机As）<0.35 mg·kg^-1.综上,谷壳灰硅肥能改善土壤质量、降低糙米Cd和As含量,具有环境友好性,可用于Cd和As复合污染稻田土壤的治理.     

无机钝化剂对镉污染酸性水稻土的修复效果及其机制

以浙江南部重金属镉（Cd）轻度污染酸性稻田为对象,以当地应用最广泛的3种无机钝化剂（硅钙镁钾肥、钙镁磷肥和石灰）为材料,通过田间试验研究了不同用量（750、1500和2250 kg ·hm^-2）钝化剂阻控土壤酸化与稻米Cd积累的效果与化学机制.结果表明,3种钝化剂可有效地改良土壤酸化和降低水稻稻米Cd积累,施用2250 kg ·hm^-2硅钙镁钾肥、钙镁磷肥和石灰分别增加土壤pH值0.62、0.65和0.86单位,减少交换性酸总量67%、69%和78%,降低糙米镉含量73%、68%和77%.施用2250 kg ·hm²钝化剂可使Cd轻度污染稻田上种植水稻糙米中ω（Cd）低于0.2 mg ·kg^-1,达到国家食品安全标准;与对照比较,3种钝化剂均显著降低土壤中DTPA提取有效态镉含量,降低弱酸提取态（F1）和可还原态（F2） Cd含量,增加残渣态（F4） Cd含量;相关分析表明糙米Cd含量与土壤pH与交换性阳离子含量呈显著负相关,与DTPA-Cd、F1-Cd、F2-Cd和交换铝含量呈显著正相关.应用最小二乘路径模型分析了糙米Cd含量、Cd有效性和化学形态与土壤性质的关系,土壤交换性阳离子对糙米Cd含量、有效镉和水稻产量直接影响的路径系数分别为-0.566、-0.866和0.873,土壤pH主要通过直接影响有效镉而间接影响糙米镉含量.田间试验证明,这3种钝化剂是实现镉污染酸性水稻土水稻安全生产的有效技术,它们主要通过影响土壤交换性阳离子而直接影响土壤镉生物有效性,进而影响糙米中镉的积累,研究结果可为受污染耕地水稻安全生产和酸化土壤改良提供科学依据.     

桂西南土壤镉地质异常区水稻种植安全性评估

为评估镉地质异常区水稻种植的安全性,在广西西南地区采集自然土壤41件,稻田土壤479件,相应水稻样品432组,测定其Cd、Cu、Ni和Zn含量以及土壤基本理化性质.运用单因子污染指数法（P_i）对样品污染程度进行评价,运用相关性分析探究影响稻米中重金属含量的主要因子.结果表明：①稻田土壤pH为6.8;有机质含量为39.00 g·kg^-1;基于《土壤环境质量标准农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》（GB 15618-2018）的风险筛选值,土壤中Cd、Cu、Ni和Zn超标率分别为60.75%、2.09%、0.83%和1.88%;②稻米Cd和Ni超标率分别为9.03%和4.39%,考虑秸秆作为饲料和有机肥原料,其Cd相应超标率分别为6.94%和1.16%.③相关性分析表明,土壤pH、有机质、重金属总量和有效态含量均是影响稻米中重金属含量的主要因子.研究区稻米Cd、Ni均存在一定超标现象,可通过种植低积累水稻品种等措施降低稻米中重金属含量.     

生物质炭施用对再生水灌溉空心菜根际微生物群落结构及多样性的影响

再生水利用是缓解农业灌溉水资源短缺的重要途径之一.生物质炭作为生物质废弃物一种有效的处置方式,已被广泛用于农业环境的改良与修复等方面,但关于施加生物质炭对再生水灌溉根际土壤微生物群落结构及病原菌丰度变化的影响研究较少.基于盆栽试验,采用高通量测序技术和定量PCR方法考察生物质炭种类对再生水灌溉根际土壤微生物群落结构多样性与病原菌丰度特征的影响及差异性.结果表明,不同种类生物质炭对改善土壤养分状况存在差异,稻壳生物质炭和水稻秸秆生物质炭导致再生水灌溉根际土壤pH显著增加,4种生物质炭均显著增加根际土壤的EC值（P<0.05）.水稻秸秆生物质炭处理下根际土壤细菌群落的Sobs指数、Shannon指数和Chao1指数显著增加,而添加花生壳生物质炭、稻壳生物质炭和小麦秸秆生物质炭使Simpson指数均显著降低（P<0.05）.不同处理根际土壤细菌群落相对丰度存在差异,门水平的优势类群主要为Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria、Chloroflexi、Bacteroidetes和Acidobacteria,优势菌属包括Pseudomonas、Rheinheimera、Arthrobacter、Sphingomonas和Aeromonas（相对丰度>5%）.RDA和相关性Heatmap分析表明,不同处理根际土壤细菌群落多样性和组成与土壤EC值、有机质、总氮和镉含量显著相关（P<0.05）.生物质炭种类对病原菌Aeromonas hydrophila和Bacillus cereus丰度均无显著影响,水稻秸秆生物质炭和花生壳生物质炭能够显著降低γ-Proteobacteria的相对丰度,而稻壳生物质炭和小麦秸秆生物质炭显著降低AOA的相对丰度（P<0.05）.综上所述,再生水灌溉对土壤质量未产生明显的负面效应,添加生物质炭能够显著改善土壤理化性质,生物质炭的种类对根际土壤细菌群落结构和功能菌群丰度会产生一定的影响,并且这种影响与土壤性质密切相关.     

镉胁迫对芒草根际细菌群落结构、共发生网络和功能的影响

芒草（Miscanthus）作为第二代能源植物,已用于重金属污染土壤修复研究,但目前该过程中土壤细菌群落组成和功能研究开展较少.以芒草品种南荻（M.saccariflorus）为研究对象,通过高通量测序结合分子生态网络分析和PICRUSt功能预测,分析研究100 mg·kg^-1 Cd的胁迫对芒草根际细菌群落组成、共发生网络和功能的影响.MiSeq测序表明芒草根际细菌群落由32个门和425个属的细菌组成,包含鞘氨醇单胞菌属（Sphingomonas）、芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、芽单胞菌属（Gemmatimonas）和链霉菌属（Streptomyces）等植物促生细菌（PGPR）种群.相似性分析（ANOSIM）和非参数多元方差分析（Adonis）表明,Cd的添加能显著影响芒草根际细菌群落组成,降低其群落多样性.同时分子生态网络分析表明Cd的添加降低了芒草根际细菌之间的相互作用,导致其网络结构更为简单;降低了网络缓冲环境变化的能力;提高了负相关连线数,使根际细菌物种之间的竞争关系更强;改变关键细菌组成.PICRUSt功能预测分析表明Cd的胁迫降低了芒草根际土壤细菌功能.本研究初步分析了芒草根际细菌群落组成及其对镉胁迫的响应,为后续调控芒草修复效率提供了基础.     

添加生物炭对琼北地区双季稻田生物固氮的影响

生物固氮有助于植物对土壤中有效氮的利用,减少农业生态系统中无机氮肥的使用.生物炭可以通过其特殊物理结构调节土壤理化性质,提高土壤微生物的丰度和活性,然而关于生物炭对水稻土生物固氮方面的研究并未深入了解.试验共设置3个处理：施磷钾肥对照（CK）、当地常规施肥处理（CON）和常规处理配施20 t·hm^-2生物炭（B）,采用qPCR和高通量测序分析固氮基因（nifH）的丰度和群落结构变化,探讨生物炭添加对琼北地区双季稻田土壤固氮微生物的影响.结果表明,相比CK和CON处理,添加生物炭提高了土壤pH和土壤有机碳（SOC）含量以及作物产量.同时nifH基因丰度与土壤pH和SOC呈显著正相关.与CK处理相比,添加生物炭处理增加了nifH基因丰度以及显著改变了早稻季土壤固氮微生物的群落结构,常规施肥处理减少了nifH基因丰度而对固氮微生物群落影响相对较小.施用生物炭使固氮微生物群落优势属发生了变化,地杆菌属（Geobacter）、嗜糖假单胞菌属（Pelomonas）、固氮螺菌属（Azospirillum）、厌氧粘细菌属（Anaeromyxobacter）和铁氧化细菌属（Sideroxydans）等是所有处理中的优势菌属.相比CK处理,生物炭处理显著增加了嗜糖假单胞菌属的相对丰度,而常规施肥处理增加了地杆菌属的相对丰度.结果表明,生物炭添加具有一定的减肥潜力,为减少琼北地区稻田氮肥施用,提高氮肥利用率提供了理论依据.     

松花江下游沿江湿地土地利用变化对土壤细菌群落多样性的影响

本研究旨在明确生境质量变化对土壤细菌群落的影响,为松花江退化湿地选择科学的修复方法提供参考依据.于2018年使用Illumina MiSeq PE300第二代高通量测序平台对松花江下游的5种土地利用类型湿地（天然湿地、稻田地、玉米田、采砂迹地及恢复湿地）土壤细菌16S rDNA进行测序,分析不同土地利用类型土壤细菌群落多样性和功能的差异.结果表明：沿江湿地开垦为玉米田造成土壤细菌的Ace、Chao1和Shannon指数显著降低（P<0.05）,采砂迹地的仿湿地修复使土壤细菌的Ace、Chao1和Shannon指数显著提高（P<0.05）.天然湿地、稻田、玉米田和采砂迹地的土壤细菌群落结构差异显著（P<0.05）,采砂迹地与恢复湿地的土壤细菌群落结构相似.沿江湿地土壤细菌划分为40门、105纲、258目、421科、802属和1673种,变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、拟杆菌门、疣微菌门、厚壁菌门和芽单胞菌门为各样地共有的优势菌门（相对丰度>1%）.相比之下,拟杆菌门偏好稻田土壤环境,变形菌门和芽单胞菌门偏好玉米田土壤环境,放线菌门偏好采砂迹地土壤环境.湿地土壤细菌具有新陈代谢、环境信息处理、遗传信息处理、细胞过程、人类疾病和有机系统这6类一级代谢通路、46类二级代谢通路和19类主要二级代谢通路（相对丰度>1%）.土壤pH、含水量、碱解氮和碳氮比是沿江湿地土壤细菌群落多样性的主要影响因子.由此可见,改变沿江湿地土地用途降低了土壤生态系统稳定性,增加了湿地退化的潜在生态风险.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.     

Simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate by zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash as influenced by acid treatment

Zeolite synthesized from fly ash （ZFA） without modification is not efficient for the purification of NH4＋ and phosphate at low concentrations that occur in real effluents, despite the high potential removal capacity. To develop an effective technique to enhance the removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate at low concentrations, ZFA was modified with acid treatment and the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate in a wide range of concentration was investigated. It was seen that when compared with untreated ZFA, only the treatment by 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4 significantly improved the removal efficiency of ammonium at low initial concentrations. The behavior was well explained by the pH effect. Treatment by more concentrated H2SO4 led to the deterioration of the ZFA structure and a decrease in the cation exchange capacity. Treatment by 0.01 mol/L H2SO4 improved the removal efficiency of phosphate by ZFA at all initial P concentrations, while the treatment by concentrated H2SO4 （≥0.9 mol/L） resulted in a limited maximum phosphate immobilization capacity （PIC）. It was concluded that through a previous mild acid treatment （e.g. 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4）, ZFA can be used in the simultaneous removal of NH4＋ and P at low concentrations simulating real effluent.