漆酶包埋修饰阴极提高生物-电-芬顿处理聚醚废水处理效率

利用漆酶包埋修饰碳毡阴极构建微生物燃料电池-电-芬顿体系强化降解聚醚废水.结果表明,在pH为4,漆酶浓度为7 mg·mL~(-1)时,24 h后阴极室聚醚废水COD降解率达68.1%,比未修饰的碳毡阴极提高28%.漆酶修饰阴极强化电池的产电性能和提高H_2O_2的浓度,且H_2O_2的浓度在此工艺中起关键作用.微生物燃料电池最大电压达548 mV,H_2O_2最大浓度为3.14 mg·L~(-1),分别比碳毡阴极提高21.8%和25.6%.从三维荧光谱图中得出聚醚废水中的双酚和甲苯二胺等荧光物质被降解.综上所述,漆酶包埋修饰阴极是提高MFC-electro-Fenton处理聚醚废水效率的有效途径.     

Thermal analysis of polyethylene glycol: evolved gas analysis with ion attachment mass spectrometry

The thermal decomposition of polyethylene glycol was investigated by using a technique combining evolved gas analysis (time-resolved pyrolysis) with ion-attachment mass spectrometry. This technique allows the detection of intact pyrolysis products and, therefore, offers the opportunity for direct real-time monitoring of thermal by-products. Unstable products can thus be detected; for instance, many highly reactive organic peroxides, such as CH₃OOH and HOCH₂OOH, were found in this study. Classification analysis revealed 10 major compositional formulas among the product species: C_nH_2n+2O, C_nH_2n+2O₂, C_nH_2n+2O₃, C_nH_2n+2O₄, C_nH_2n+2O₅, C_nH_2n+2O₆, C_nH_2n+2O₇, C_nH_2nO, C_nH_2nO₂, and HO(CH₂CH₂O)_nH ethylene glycol oligomers. The Li⁺ ion adduct mass spectra showed a characteristic profile in terms of both the appearance of unique components and the distribution of pyrolysis products. Among the products of the thermal decomposition of PEG, formaldehyde (HCHO) and organic peroxides were particularly interesting. Formaldehyde, one of the 10 most abundant products, is a known human carcinogen. The detection of peroxides suggests that they may form during the incineration of PEG, which may have important environmental implications. The existence of peroxide products may have implications for chemical evolution in incinerator systems.     

高性能聚醚醚酮紫外光加速老化行为研究

目的 研究特种工程塑料聚醚醚酮(PEEK)在紫外光照射实验室加速条件下的老化行为。方法 对PEEK塑料采取紫外线光老化方式进行试验,对老化前后的样品进行外观变化、力学性能、热性能、微观结构表征与分析,明确紫外环境因素对材料的性能影响,进而确定PEEK塑料在紫外光条件下的老化行为。结果 随着紫外光老化时间的增加,PEEK样品表面变黄,颜色加深,出现鼓包与裂纹等宏观与微观损伤。样品内部力学性能、热性能、红外特征吸收峰、元素含量与价态没有明显变化,样品表面热性能下降,傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)特征吸收峰变化明显。结论 PEEK塑料表面对紫外光比较敏感,在紫外光的照射下容易发生表层的分解,短时间内不会引起材料整体热性能及力学性能的明显变化。     

铝硅镁4004钎料对冷板与硅酸盐体系乙二醇冷却液腐蚀相容性的影响研究

目的研究不同钎料对冷板与硅酸盐体系乙二醇冷却液的腐蚀相容性影响。方法以铝合金3A21为基材,以不同铝硅镁箔4004为钎料,采用真空焊接的方法制备不同的铝合金冷板,将乙二醇冷却液加注在冷板中,在40℃开展压力测试。利用金相分析、扫描电子显微镜对冷板内部微观形貌和结构进行研究。结果铝硅镁箔4004中硅元素质量分数为13.29%时,焊接的冷板在3个月时间范围压力升高800 kPa;而硅元素质量分数为10.99%时,冷板在同样的条件下压力未见明显改变。两种冷板在焊接部位和翅片部位显示出截然不同的硅偏析现象。结论这种硅偏析现象可能导致了冷板在乙二醇冷却液不同的产气现象。     

Vaporization reduction characteristics of aqueous ammonia solutions by the addition of ethylene glycol, glycerol and glycine to the CO2 absorption process

Aqueous ammonia (NH₃) solution can be used as an alternative absorption for the control of CO₂ emitted from flue gases due to its high absorption capacity, fast absorption rate and low corrosion problem. The emission of CO₂ from iron and steel plants requires much attention, as they are higher than those emitted from power plants at a single point source. In the present work, low concentration ammonia liquor, 9 wt.%, was used with various additives to obtain the kinetic properties using the blast furnace gas model. Although a solution with a high ammonia concentration enables high CO₂ absorption efficiency, ammonium ions are lost as ammonia vapor, resulting in reduced CO₂ absorption due to the lower concentration of the ammonia absorbent. To decrease the vaporization of ammonia, ethylene glycol, glycerol and glycine, which contain more than one hydroxyl radical, were chosen. The experiments were conducted at 313 K similar to the CO₂ absorption conditions for the blast furnace gas model.     

晶硅切割废砂浆回收企业废水处理工程实例

晶硅切割砂浆中含有聚乙二醇(PEG)和碳化硅,可回收资源。回收过程中产生的废水中仍然含有PEG和碳化硅,以致废水中悬浮物浓度较高、可生化性差。工程设计采用"预沉淀+混凝沉淀+气浮+催化氧化+A/O生化"处理工艺,经过5个月的调试运行,出水COD、SS可达GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》三级标准。     

废聚酯醇解条件的研究

研究了废PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)的醇解条件对产物的羟值及平均分子量的影响,表明在196～198℃时,m(乙二醇) m(PET)=2,催化剂醋酸锌用量为PET质量的1%,醇解3～3 5h,聚酯PET降解很彻底,产物羟值(以KOH计)可达368mg g以上,平均分子量在305以下,主要成分是对苯二甲酸二乙二醇酯(BHET)单体及其低聚物。DSC和IR验证了产物的组成。      

光导纤维氨气敏荧光传感器的研制和应用

以大环冠醚为铵离子中性载体，吖啶橙为荧光ＰＨ指示剂，二者结合于增塑的ＰＶＣ膜中，样品氨浓度变化直接引起膜的荧光强度变化。基于该原理研制成不需内电解质溶液的光导纤维氨气敏荧光传感器。用以测定生活污水的氨氮，精密度实验的平均变异系数为０．９－１．３％；回收率为９５．４％－１０５．６％。     

Chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (pet) by hydrolysis and glycolysis

In this paper we review an interesting method of PET recycling, i.e. chemical recycling; it is based on the concept of depolymerizing the condensation polymer through solvolytic chain cleavage into low molecular products which can be purified and reused as raw materials for the production of high-quality chemical products. In this work our attention is confined to the hydrolysis (neutral, acid and alkaline) and glycolysis processes of PET chemical recycling; operating conditions and mechanism of each method are reported and described. The neutral hydrolysis has an auto accelerating character; two kinetic models have been proposed: an half-order and a second order kinetic model. The acid hydrolysis could be explained by a modified shrinking core model under chemical reaction control and the alkaline hydrolysis by a first-order model with respect to hydroxide ion concentration. To describe glycolysis, two different kinetic models have been proposed where EG can act or not as internal catalyst. Further experimental and theoretical investigations are required to shed light on the promising processes of PET chemical recycling reviewed in this work.     

Biological effects of diethylene glycol (DEG) and produced waters (PWs) released from offshore activities: A multi-biomarker approach with the sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax

Diethylene glycol (DEG) is largely used during oil and gas exploitation by offshore platforms. The aim of this work was to investigate if this compound induces direct molecular/cellular effects in marine organisms, or indirectly modulate those of produced waters (PWs). Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were exposed to DEG dosed alone or in combination with PWs from an Adriatic platform. A wide array of analysed biomarkers included cytochrome P450-dependent enzymatic activity, bile metabolites, glutathione S-transferases, acetylcholinesterase, peroxisomal proliferation, antioxidant defences (catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidases, glutathione), total oxyradical scavenging capacity, malondialdehyde and DNA integrity (single strand breaks and frequency of micronuclei). Results did not reveal marked effects of DEG, while PWs influenced the biotransformation system, the oxidative status and the onset of genotoxic damages. Co-exposures caused only limited differences of biomarker responses at some experimental conditions, overall suggesting a limited biological impact of DEG at levels normally deriving from offshore activities.