Effect of nitrogen concentration in culture mediums on growth and enzyme production of Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Effect of different nitrogen concentration in the mediums on growth and enzyme production of Phanerochaete chrysosporium was studied when glucose concentration was l0 g/L. The results showed that the medium contained 0.8 g/L ammonium tartrate is the best. It not only supply abundant nutrients for the growth of Phanerochaete chrysospodum, which make mycelia the best grow compared with the other medium, but also produce higher manganese-dependent peroxidase(Mnp) and laccase(Lac) activity. In addition, it is observed that the variation of mycelia surface is related to ligninolytic enzyme secreted by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. When the surface of mycelium pellets appeared burs, it predicts secondary metabolism begin. This experimentation demonstrated that when the ratio of carbon and nitrogen in nitrogen limited medium is equal to 100:8, growth and enzyme production of Phanerochaete chrysosporium is the best, it could achieve the maximum Mnp and Lac activity.     

白腐真菌对染料的脱色与降解

利用白腐真菌对染料脱色和降解的过程机理及影响因素进行了较为系统的介绍,结果认为,白腐真菌对染料的脱色及降解作用可能主要是由于其在次生代谢阶段产生的木质素过氧化酶LIPs和锰过氧化酶MnPs所致。在培养基中加入黎芦醇等能够显著提高LIPs的产生;富氮培养基会抑制LIPs的生成;缓冲液的选择对维持适宜的pH值和菌丝的形态有一定作用,从而影响其脱色效果;富氧环境是一切白腐真菌对染料进行脱色和降解的必要条件;适度的搅拌混合有利于反应时的物质之间传递;一般地,在培养时间达到3d以后白腐真菌才能达到较高的脱色与降解活性。染料分子大小和结构及其基团的位置对脱色及降解效果有明显影响。使用特殊填料来提高处理系统中的生物量以克服真菌生长速度相对较慢,提高处理能力是该技术今后的研究重点。     

应用白腐真菌技术处理难降解有机物的研究进展

本文综述了白腐真菌的生物学特性及其在清洁生产、各种难降解有机物处理中的应用和应用基础研究方面的进展 ,探讨了白腐真菌应用的趋势。     

In vitro degradation of the herbicide atrazine by soil and wood decay fungi controlled through Elisa technique

The interaction between atrazine, a triazine herbicide, and a series of decay fungi was characterized in terms of biodegradation of the herbicide and its influence on fungal growth. The following fungi were studied: thermophilic cellulolytic (Penicillium sp. 13) and noncellulolytic (Humicola lanuginosa sp. 5 and 12) strains isolated from self‐heated plant composts, mesophilic diphenol oxidase producing strain Mycelia sterilia INBI 2–26, white‐rot fungi Cerrena maxima, Coriolopsis fulvocinerea and Coriolus hirsutus. Competitive enzyme immunoassay was elaborated for detection of atrazine in cultural liquid. During agar plate cultivation the growth of Humicola sp. 5 was promoted by atrazine whereas the growth of Humicola sp. 12 and Penicillium sp. 13 was suppressed whereas M. sterilia INBI 2–26 was not affected by the herbicide. Neither atrazine‐accelerated nor atrazine‐depressed thermophilic strains decomposed atrazine during 21‐day cultivation according to ELISA data. In contrast, white‐rot fungi Coriolus hirsutus, Coriolopsis fuhocinerea and Cerrena maxima degraded nearly 50% of the herbicide in 5‐day submerged cultivation and 80–92% of the herbicide up to the 40th day. The soil strain M. sterilia INBI 2–26 decomposed 70% of atrazine in 17‐day cultivation. The degradation level depended of the time of atrazine introduction to the growing media. The relationships between the degree of atrazine decomposition and laccase and Mn‐peroxidase production were shown.     

扑草净影响小麦雪腐病、纹枯病的田间观察

在小麦雪腐病、纹枯病混合发生的情况下,使用扑草净麦田除草显着抑制纹枯病的发生,而对雪腐病有促进作用,且播后芽前施药较二叶一心施药发病更为严重。     

白腐真菌用于有机废水处理的研究

介绍了对污染物有独特降解作用的白腐真菌,阐述了其降解污染物的机理和优势。利用该菌对几种难以用一般生物方法处理的工业废水进行了处理试验,试验结果表明,这种真菌对多种污染物有良好的降解性能,显示出广阔的应用前景。     

白腐真菌生物过滤塔处理氯苯气体的研究

以竹子为填料,构建新型的白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium生物过滤塔,考察该过滤塔在不同操作条件下对氯苯的去除性能.结果表明,白腐真菌生物过滤塔对氯苯表现出较好的去除效果,在进口浓度200～1 500 mg/m3,空塔停留时间122 s的条件下,最大去除率接近80%,平均去除率约50%.过滤塔的去除速率与进口负荷和去除率有关,在进口浓度500～1 500mg/m3,流量0.5 m3/h的条件下,最大去除速率可达94 g/(m3·h),平均去除速率为60 g/(m3·h).过滤塔去除速率对进口负荷变化的响应幅度与流量有关,在低流量条件下随进口负荷的变化率较大.过滤塔中氯苯浓度的沿程分布呈现出非线性下降的特征,造成这一现象的原因可能与过滤塔内生物量的分布情况有关.     

Growth promotion and disease prevention effects of streptomyces on Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch ex N.E.Br北大核心CSCD

This study aimed to evaluate the disease antagonism and seed growth promotion effects of streptomyces on Amorphophallus konjac by agar block and axenic fermentation extract experiments. Pot experiments were taken to assess relative biocontrol effiency and effect of streptomyce preparation M (mixture of S. carnosus and S. pactum in solid-state fermentation with 1:1 ratio) on biomass, photosynthetic rate, yield and corm quality of A. konjac K. Koch ex N.E.Br. Results showed that: 1 Streptomyces Act12 had obvious antagonistic activity against six soft rot pathogens, and the diameter of growth inhibition zones ranged from 19.4 to 31.6 mm. Fermentation filtrate of streptomyces exhibited growth-promoting activity on melon seed germination and seedling growth. 2 Streptomyce-derived viable preparations had biocontrol effect on A. konjac regarding soft rot-disease prevention. In the pot experiment, individual inoculation of preparations achieved 65.0% relative biocontrol effect on A. konjac during the harvest stage. After 10 and 20 days of inoculation combined with Pectobacterium chrysanthemi (a bacterial pathogen), the relative biocontrol effiency of streptomyces were 100.0% and 58.4%, respectively. 3 Streptomyces showed obvious growth-promoting effect on growth and yield of A. konjac. In the pot experiment, combined inoculation of streptomyces and Pectobacterium chrysanthemi significantly increased the petiole diameter by 11.1%, net photosynthetic rate by 111.7%, fresh weight of corm by 54.8%, fresh weight of rhizome by 304.2%, and the number of rhizomes by 200.0%, compared with individual inoculation of Pectobacterium chrysanthemi. 4 Individual inoculation with streptomyces improved corm quality of A. konjac. The contents of glucomannan, starch and cellulose significantly increased by 14.0%, 8.1% and 27.7%, respectively compared with control (P < 0.05) . This study indicates that streptomyces promotes the growth of A. konjac, enhances the yield and the content of glucomannan, and at the same time helps disease prevention of A. konjac.     

真菌对磺胺二甲氧嘧啶降解过程的转录组分析及差异表达基因的功能分析

采用黄孢原毛平革菌降解磺胺二甲氧嘧啶（SDM）,4 d后SDM的去除率达74%,降解速率达3.24 mg·L^-1·d^-1.采用Illumina高通量测序平台对降解SDM后的菌株与对照组菌株进行测序,通过GO和KEGG富集分析,得到的差异表达基因能显著富集到与降解相关的“氧化还原酶活性”途径,及与应激反应有关的“ABC转运体”路径.通过对高表达高上调的差异表达基因的筛选与分析,得到了耐受和降解SDM的功能基因.水通道蛋白、ABC转运蛋白及甲基转运酶基因等在黄孢原毛平革菌对环境的耐受中起到重要的作用.乙醇氧化酶、细胞色素P450和糖苷水解酶等在黄孢原毛平革菌对SDM的降解中起着关键的作用.本文从转录组水平分析了SDM的降解机制,为黄孢原毛平革菌在环境修复中的应用提供一定的参考.     

液体培养基中添加天然成分对白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium生长的促进作用

通过试验发现,在液体培养基中添加木材、玉米芯、土豆浸出液,对于白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium的产量提高有极大的促进作用.在外加碳源为10g/L葡萄糖的条件下,经过3d培养,添加浸出液的培养基的小球产量均能够达到80g/L以上,是未添加浸出液的基础培养基的小球产量的5倍.在外加碳源为5g/L葡萄糖时,添加了外源天然浸出液后,3d后小球产量均能达到69.5g/L以上,在未添加任何浸出液的基础培养基中,小球产量很低,并且在葡萄糖浓度1g/L～20g/L时,3d产量在12.5g/L～14.5g/L范围内.添加土豆浸出液的样品容易染菌,添加玉米芯浸出液的样品培养较长时间后容易发生小球膨胀,添加木材浸出液的培养基用于培养白腐真菌小球,产量高、耐其它微生物污染能力强,能在较长时期内保持良好的泥水分离能力,是较好的液体培养生长促进添加剂.木材、玉米芯、土豆浸出液相互混合有利于白腐真菌的生长.用添加木材浸出液的培养基培养白腐真菌,在不同浓度葡萄糖条件下,小球产量的差别在初期并不明显,随着培养时间增加,小球产量差别逐渐增大.木材浸出液对采用培养基培养菌丝小球的作用是刺激生长,并不是提供生长所需要的有机物.