Towards practice-oriented design for sustainability: the compatibility with selected design fields

Design scholars are currently exploring the potential role of design in fostering sustainable consumption. The social practice has been put forward as a relevant unit of analysis for capturing the dynamics of consumption, and, as a possible unit of intervention for design. This article sets out to explore the extent to which existing design resources may come to use in the development of practice-oriented design. To do that, it takes social practice theory as a starting point, and outlines some implications for design. Based on that, their compatibility with key principles and approaches from the design fields concerned with environmental issues and the relationships between humans and technologies is discussed, and tensions and promising resources are identified. By doing that, the aim is to contribute to the ongoing inquiry into what practice-oriented design may be, and more specifically, to discussions on the characteristics of design and innovation activities that may help foster transitions in less environmentally impacting directions.     

加油站油气处理装置VOCs化学组成及二次污染生成贡献

加油站油气处理装置是控制埋地油罐油气压力并对油气进行回收处理的装置,测试分析油气处理装置进口和出口挥发性有机物(VOCs)化学组成,利用最大增量反应活性(MIR)和气溶胶生成系数(FAC)估算VOCs的臭氧生成潜势(OFP)和二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(SOAP),量化评估其二次污染生成贡献.结果表明：(1)油气处理装置进口和出口ρ(TVOC)分别为436～706 g·m^-3和4.98～10.04 g·m^-3,VOCs排放主要为烷烃(72%±4%)、含氧有机物(14%±2%)和烯烃(11%±5%).不同处理工艺VOCs排放差异较小,关键物种均为异戊烷(约25%),其次为正丁烷、异丁烷和正戊烷.(2)油气处理装置出口排放的VOCs臭氧生成系数(SR值)为2.6～3.3 g·g^-1,OFP为3.5～25.6 g·m^-3,其中烯烃对OFP贡献率(43%～69%)最大,其次为烷烃(20%～35%)和含氧有机物(10%～22%),OFP主要贡献物种为丁烯、顺-2-丁烯、反-2-丁烯、异戊烷和丙醛.(3)油气处理装...     

对县级环境监测站标准化建设的思考

分析了县级环境测站在标准化创建工作中存在的问题和实际困难。为加快标准化环境监测站的建设速度，促进环境测站的全面建设，提出了包括提高认识，制订目标，加强队伍建设和拓宽经费渠道的若干对策建议。     

推进我国环境服务业发展的思路

论述中国环境服务业的发展现状，通过数据说明中国环境服务业既不能满足国内需求更不能参与世界竞争，为了加快中国环境服务业的发展，提出制定我国环境服务业发展规划、加大政府支持力度等方面的思路。     

多点进水A/O组合工艺处理高速公路服务区污水

采用"多点进水A/O工艺+砂滤+活性炭过滤"联合工艺处理某高速公路新建服务区污水,处理能力500 m3/d,沉淀池出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB/T 8978-1996)中一级标准,最终出水水质达到《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》(GB/T 18920-2002)的要求。实践证明,采用多点进水A/O组合工艺处理高速公路服务区污水是完全可行的,污水经处理后完全达标,可供类似工程借鉴和参考。     

基于模糊综合评价的地铁站消防安全风险评估

为了降低地铁车站的火灾发生率,对地铁车站消防安全风险进行评价,从主动防火能力、被动防火能力、消防安全管理、乘客安全行为4个方面建立包含24个二级指标的地铁站消防安全风险评价体系。对武汉市武昌火车站地铁站进行实地调研,利用模糊综合评价法对地铁站进行火灾风险评估,得出该地铁车站火灾风险隶属矩阵为{0.2284,0.3721,0.3225,0.0770,0},依据最大隶属度原则,发现该地铁站的整体消防水平处于“比较安全”的层次,但在消防安全管理与乘客安全行为两方面还存在问题并亟待改善,该研究结果可为今后降低地铁站消防安全风险提供借鉴意义。     

浅谈基层监测站"十二五"能力建设方向

依据环境监测能力建设标准,提出了"十二五"期间基层监测站能力建设的目标和要求,指出实现"三个说得清",应以科研工作为先导,以污染防治为核心,以信息化建设为载体,强化对环境质量综合分析和环境风险源筛分排查,充分发挥基层监测站的作用,更好地为环境管理提供准确有效技术支持的建设思路.     

易燃易爆场所雷电灾害风险评估的实践和探讨

根据山东省淄博市博山区雷暴日、闪电时空分布特征,参考IEC62305-2等标准规范,分析加油加气站建设项目所在地大气雷电环境状况和雷电灾害易损性,新增加了雷击火灾、爆炸影响范围评估内容,充分考虑毗邻区域的公共安全问题,最大限度减少雷击人身伤害和财产损失.为技术人员做好易燃易爆场所雷电灾害风险评估提供了可借鉴的技术方法和操作规程,简化风险评估模型,使雷电灾害风险评估分析、计算趋于科学和规范化.强调指出雷击风险评估是防御和减轻雷电灾害的关键环节.各类化工厂、易燃仓储、输送贮存油气、加油加气、烟花爆竹等易燃易爆场所应是雷电灾害风险评估的首要重点领域.     

社区自组织机制与农村公共生态文化服务体系建设研究

农村社区自组织发展的不足,特别是在农村公共生态文化服务体系建设中的缺位,是农村生态文化建设滞后的重要原因。通过创新农村公共生态文化服务体系建设的主体构成,明确各个主体的角色定位和职责,充分发挥社区自组织的优势,开展农村公共生态文化服务设施的建设和农村公共生态文化服务活动的创新,可以推动农村生态文化建设和生态经济发展。     

EDUCATING RURAL COMMUNITY LEADERS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES1

ABSTRACT: Providing adequate wastewater treatment facilities for the citizens in small rural communities in the United States can cost millions of dollars. An educational program has been developed and conducted in Ohio to teach local officials about wastewater treatment alternatives. The five-session workshop covers wastewater treatment principles, needs assessment, system management, and resource gathering. The knowledge and skills gained by the 96 community leaders who participated in six workshops were measured using a pretest/pest test and surveys conducted during the workshops. From 25 percent to 100 percent of the participants increased their knowledge of treatment systems, alternatives, and relative costs. From 23 percent to 84 percent applied new skills, such as conducting a sanitary survey or examining treatment systems. The pretest also revealed previous knowledge of the participants in the areas of system maintenance and consultant qualifications.