夹层电缆引发火灾的实验研究

模拟现代建筑夹层中贮藏大量未加金属导管防护的电线电缆所引发的火灾效应.在一个全尺寸燃烧套房模型中进行了起火室和顶棚夹层空间电缆火灾的实验研究,并采用大涡模拟的方法对实验中烟气速度场进行了数值模拟.结果表明,加明火源可以加强电缆的火灾功率;通风状况对夹层电缆火灾的温度场、烟气遮光度和火灾功率有明显影响.电缆燃烧产物中主要毒性气体为CO.电缆在夹层燃烧时,CO和CO2浓度均高于目标室和起火室中的浓度.而夹层毒气最为集中,其CO浓度远远超出OSHA和IDLH标准.电缆在夹层燃烧时发生火灾的危险性较大.     

烟气输运和水喷淋相互作用的大涡模拟研究

本文应用大涡模拟方法，并结合Smagorinsky亚格子尺度模型，数值研究了烟气输运和水喷淋的相互作用问题。为了有效地模拟烟气输运过程，文中采用低马赫数近似下的三维可压缩Navier-Stokes方程和组分方程进行求解，并采用有限差分法数值计算了滤波后的控制方程。对于燃烧过程扣所产生的热释放，采用Lagrangian粒子携带热量的近似方法来模拟，这些运动粒子进一步用来标识烟气的输运过程，同时还近似模拟了水喷淋和热气流的相互作用过程。文中数值计算了燃烧火源所形成的热气流和烟气输运过程，以及与水喷淋的相互作用，并探讨了喷水装置的喷水量、喷射角和水颗粒直径对流动特性的影响。     

GIS模型在火灾过程模拟中的应用研究

基于地理信息系统（GIS,Geograhical Information System)，探讨了火灾过程GIS模型化的方法，并给出GIS-FP（GIS-Fire Process)系统的模型整体结构和基本功能模块，包括：数据采集，数据编辑，预处理，内嵌人工智能处理，模型运算，还有结果可视化表示。最后还给出了若干实例图示。     

OPTIMAL LONG-TERM SCHEDULING OF STORMWATER DRAINAGE REHABILITATION1

ABSTRACT: A mathematical model is developed to optimally schedule long-term stormwater infrastructure rehabilitation activities. The model is capable of considering multiple rehabilitation projects and is driven by overall cost eensiderations. Rehabilitation activities are scheduled based on perceived reliabilities and future deterioration expected within the specified planning horizon. Future growth within the stormwater drainage basin is incorporated using chance constraints that limit the likelihood that a stormwater discharge exceeds system conveyance capacity. Model structure and development are discussed, and a hypothetical example using a drainage network is presented.     

标准受限空间内细水雾熄灭煤油火的实验和数值模拟

在3.0m×3.0m×2.8m标准受限空间内,采用煤油模拟池火,火灾功率设定为195kW,进行了一系列细水雾灭火试验。对灭火时间做了详细记录,并实验研究了灭火时间的重现性及其相关因素。采用M-9000燃烧分析仪对细水雾施加前后火灾烟气(如氧气、二氧化碳、一氧化碳、一氧化氮、二氧化氮、二氧化硫)的浓度进行了在线测量。其结果表明:细水雾灭火系统熄灭煤油火的时间均在20s以内,灭火时间重现性保持在91.9%以内;施加细水雾后,氧气浓度降低,一氧化碳浓度升高,燃烧更加不完全。采用FDS模拟了细水雾熄灭煤油火,预测的温度场和灭火时间与实验结果吻合较好。     

袋式除尘器气流组织的数值模拟分析

文章通过采用流体动力学CFD软件对袋式除尘器中单元模块的除尘空间气流组织进行数值模拟分析，给出了不同位置的布袋不同高度上的气流速度图，将模拟结果与实际工程运行情况进行对比，分析了其可靠性，为袋式除尘器的改进和设计提供了理论依据。     

Seismic monitoring and modelling of supercritical CO2 injection into a water-saturated sandstone: Interpretation of P-wave velocity data

This paper reports on an integrated laboratory and numerical simulation study of ultrasonic P-wave velocity response to supercritical CO₂ displacement of pore water in Tako sandstone. The analysis of dynamic velocity data recorded using an array of piezoelectric transducers mounted on a core sample showed that the P-wave velocities at different positions displayed a similar trend in time, i.e., an initial sharp fall followed by a more gradual decline. Considerable variations observed in the measured P-wave velocity reductions across the sandstone core could largely be attributed to the final state of saturation (e.g. uniform, patchy or in-between) attained by the two-phase fluids. Numerical simulation of the injection test using a simple 1D model was carried out to provide an estimation of the phase saturation changes underlying the measured P-wave velocity reductions. A second order polynomial correlation between the measured ultrasonic P-wave velocity reductions and the estimated CO₂ saturation was established. Comparison with the Gassmann velocities showed that the empirically established relationship marks a clear deviation from both the patchy and uniform saturation velocity curves.     

基于Vega的灭火救援视景仿真研究

Vega是目前流行的虚拟现实应用程序开发环境,与Vega环境相关的应用程序还有三维建模工具Creator和人物仿真软件DI-GUY.在基于虚拟现实技术的灭火救援模拟训练系统中,救援场景的视景仿真是其重要组成部分.本文分析了基于Vega的软件平台开发灭火救援视景仿真系统的可行性,论述了在开发仿真系统过程中的一些关键技术,包括数据处理流程、三维建模、Vega软件的二次开发等.结论表明,利用Vega技术开发灭火救援视景仿真系统的方法是切实可行的.     

Model Development and Calibration of a Saltwater Intrusion Model in Southern California1

Abstract: A nine‐layered confined‐unconfined flow and transport model is developed for the Alamitos saltwater intrusion barrier in Southern California. The conceptual model is based on the geological structure of the coastal aquifer system. The key parameters in the flow and transport models are calibrated using a two‐phase procedure which matches the types of data available for calibration. Because of the abundance of point measurements of hydraulic conductivity, the heterogeneous and random hydraulic conductivity field for each of the five aquifers is estimated by the geostatiscal method of natural‐neighbor‐kriging in Phase 1. In Phase 2, the longitudinal and transverse dispersivities in the transport model are estimated by a traditional inverse procedure that minimizes the least‐squares error for concentration (LSE‐CON). The minimum LSE‐CON is achieved near 15.2 and 1.52 m for the longitudinal and transverse dispersivities, respectively. Additional simulations with increasing transport parameter complexity did not yield significant improvements in LSE‐CON. Also, tracking least‐squares error for head while parametrically varying the transport parameters revealed there is a negligible interaction between predicted head and transport parameters.     

Evaluation of Three Watershed‐Scale Pesticide Environmental Transport and Fate Models1

Abstract: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) has completed an evaluation of three watershed‐scale simulation models for potential use in Food Quality Protection Act pesticide drinking water exposure assessments. The evaluation may also guide OPP in identifying computer simulation tools that can be used in performing aquatic ecological exposure assessments. Models selected for evaluation were the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), the Nonpoint Source Model (NPSM), a modified version of the Hydrologic Simulation Program‐Fortran (HSPF), and the Pesticide Root Zone Model‐Riverine Water Quality (PRZM‐RIVWQ) model. Simulated concentrations of the pesticides atrazine, metolachlor, and trifluralin in surface water were compared with field data monitored in the Sugar Creek watershed of Indiana’s White River basin by the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. The evaluation not only provided USEPA with experience in using watershed models for estimating pesticide concentration in flowing water but also led to the development of improved statistical techniques for assessing model accuracy. Further, it demonstrated the difficulty of representing spatially and temporally variable soil, weather, and pesticide applications with relatively infrequent, spatially fixed, point estimates. It also demonstrated the value of using monitoring and modeling as mutually supporting tools and pointed to the need to design monitoring programs that support modeling.