环境对冲压发动机烟火点火器性能影响研究

为促进某型冲压发动机烟火点火器生产工艺的定型，在海南进行了高温、高湿热带海洋气候自然环境对点火器长期贮存性能影响的研究。点火器采取无包装的暴露试验和密封包装贮存试验2种方法，分别在户外暴露场、棚库和库房等3种环境条件下进行试验。通过试验得到环境温度变化对密封包装储存的点火器的绝缘电阻值、电阻性能均无明显影响，点火性能良好，玻璃钢、涂层等贮存性能良好，点火器的环境适应性良好等结论。     

重金属离子-二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠螯合体系的HPLC分析方法研究

采用二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠(NaDDC)为螯合剂,对Cu(Ⅱ)、Hg(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅵ)六种重金属离子进行了螯合萃取分离体系的方法研究,用HPLC方法建立了上述金属离子的最佳分离条件及定性定量分析方法.结果表明,用C18反相柱(5μm,150×4.6mmi.d.)和流动相(V(乙腈):V(甲醇):V(水)=55:15:30)能有效分离上述重金属离子,最低检测限在0.1～1.6ng范围内,线性范围及线性关系满足定量分析要求.     

现代化工分离技术在环境保护中的应用

介绍了高效导向筛板、新型高效填料、超临界流体萃取等现代化工分离技术及其在清洁生产和废物处理方面的应用。     

我国健身器材质量和检验现状分析及其对策

笔者从产品质量、检测体系和质检监管等方面系统地阐述了我国健身器材产业的现状 ;通过对国内外健身器材产业的比较和分析 ,指出了我国健身器材产业普遍存在技术含量低 ,质量不稳定 ,检测标准和设备欠缺 ,服务不完善等突出问题 ;同时还具体探讨了国内外健身器材的安全要求和使用性能在生化和环保两方面的不足 ;就上述种种问题提出了相应的发展对策 ,即遵循“以人为本 ,保障安全”的原则 ,积极发展现代化生产企业 ,前瞻性地开发高技术含量的安全型产品 ,健全符合国情实际的检测体系 ,从而全面提升我国健身器材的安全性能、服务水平和市场竞争力     

可视化通风机性能测试程序设计

介绍了用通风机性能曲线测定可视化计算机程序的设计。该程序基于Windows环境，采用C Builder5．0开发，可以实现数据的自动保存、处理，及性能曲线、结果报表输出，同时具有可视化的人机界面。应用该程序可以使通风机性能曲线测定试验更加简便易行，还可以使试验结果更加精确。     

江苏省空气质量预报准确度及改进方法分析

介绍了江苏省重污染天气监测预报预警系统以及大气重污染预警会商流程,将2015年13个地级市的模式预报、人工预报结果分别与实际观测值进行比较。结果表明:人工预报更准确,PM_(2.5)日均值、臭氧日最大8 h平均值、AQI 3个指标人工预报和实况的相关性分别比模式预报高出12.8%、0.3%、11.4%,平均标准误差(MNE)分别低20.7%、3.1%、23.1%。依据国家空气质量预报技术指南评分办法,对各市2015年全年空气质量级别为"良"时进行评分。通过开展07∶00预报更新,使2015年上半年空气质量预报级别得分平均提高了0.9分,全年级别得分平均提高了2.6分;通过改进模式预报参数,使PM_(2.5)日均预报值、臭氧日最大8 h平均预报值、AQI预报值和实际观测值的相关性比上年同期分别提高26.0%、5.0%、33.9%,MNE分别降低3.6%、31.3%、7.6%。     

The potential of vehicle and road infrastructure interventions in fatal bicyclist accidents on Swedish roads—What can in-depth studies tell us?

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this article is to describe the characteristics of fatal crashes with bicyclists on Swedish roads in rural and urban areas and to investigate the potential of bicycle helmets and different vehicle and road infrastructure interventions to prevent them. The study has a comprehensive approach to provide road authorities and vehicle manufacturers with recommendations for future priorities.

Methods: The Swedish Transport Administration’s (STA) in-depth database of fatal crashes was used for case-by-case analysis of fatal cycling accidents (2006–2016) on rural (n?=?82) and urban (n?=?102) roads. The database consists of information from the police, medical journals, autopsy reports, accident analyses performed by STA, and witness statements. The potential of helmet use and various vehicle and road infrastructure safety interventions was determined retrospectively for each case by analyzing the chain of events leading to the fatality. The potential of vehicle safety countermeasures was analyzed based on prognoses on their implementation rates in the Swedish vehicle fleet.

Results: The most common accident scenario on rural roads was that the bicyclist was struck while cycling along the side of the road. On urban roads, the majority of accidents occurred in intersections. Most accidents involved a passenger car, but heavy trucks were also common, especially in urban areas. Most accidents occurred in daylight conditions (73%). Almost half (46%) of nonhelmeted bicyclists would have survived with a helmet. It was assessed that nearly 60% of the fatal accidents could be addressed by advanced vehicle safety technologies, especially autonomous emergency braking with the ability to detect bicyclists. With regard to interventions in the road infrastructure, separated paths for bicyclists and bicycle crossings with speed calming measures were found to have the greatest safety potential. Results indicated that 91% of fatally injured bicyclists could potentially be saved with known techniques. However, it will take a long time for such technologies to be widespread.

Conclusions: The majority of fatally injured bicyclists studied could potentially be saved with known techniques. A speedy implementation of important vehicle safety systems is recommended. A fast introduction of effective interventions in the road infrastructure is also necessary, preferably with a plan for prioritization.     

The impact of ISO 14001 on corporate environmental performance: a study of Swedish manufacturing firms

The debate concerning the environmental effectiveness of environmental management systems (EMS) based on ISO 14001 is still open and scholars have called for further studies that can explain the contrasting evidence in previous research. As a response, this study aims to contribute knowledge about the effects of ISO 14001-based EMS by presenting fact-based environmental data. The study focuses on changes in performance over a period of 12 years and includes both firms with an EMS (66 firms) and firms without one (50 firms). Consideration is given to the improvement efforts in the firms before EMS adoption making it possible to neutralize any selection effects where better environmental performance precedes ISO 14001 adoption. Analysis has been carried out using statistical methods for six different environmental areas. No statistically significant differences between certified and non-certified firms concerning the change in the rate of improvement could be found in any of the six areas. However, it can be suspected that EMS adoption has positive effects on energy use and waste production whereas the non-adopting firms seem to perform better concerning air emissions. These mixed results mirrors previous research, which is rather worrying considering the worldwide popularity of EMS based on ISO 14001 in industry.     

高效液相色谱-三重四级杆/复合线性离子阱质谱法测定饮用水中22种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了一种同时测定饮用水中22种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的高效液相色谱-三重四级杆/复合线性离子阱质谱方法:饮用水样品经针头过滤器过滤,选用Biphenyl液相色谱柱进行分离,以含0.1%甲酸的水溶液和含0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液为流动相,电离模式为电喷雾正离子,选用多反应监测触发增强子离子扫描模式进行检测。结果表明,22种PAEs的灵敏度良好,定量限为0.001～0.1 μg/L。配制浓度为0.1～100.0 μg/L的混标溶液进行进样分析,分析结果显示,22种PAEs在该范围内的线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.995,方法的平均回收率为82.9%～108.9%,相对标准偏差为0.9%～11.2%。同时,使用增强子离子扫描谱图进行搜库匹配,定性准确性高。该方法适用于饮用水中PAEs的检测。     

污水处理移动床生物膜反应器悬浮载体研究进展

介绍了移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)中悬浮载体的种类和特性,讨论了对其性能的影响因素,总结了当前悬浮载体改性技术及性能评价的方法,并对后续研究提出了建议。