单元板式轨道扣件刚度突变对行车安全性的影响分析

为研究单元板式无砟轨道扣件刚度整体及局部突变对行车安全的影响,指导扣件系统的养护维修,利用有限元方法和轮轨耦合系统动力学原理,建立车辆-轨道-路基系统垂向耦合动力学模型。研究扣件系统整体刚度突变和局部刚度突变对列车的振动特性和轮轨垂向作用力的影响规律。结果表明:扣件刚度从20 kN/mm增加到80 kN/mm时,轮对和转向架的振动加速度分别增加40.1%和28.2%,轮轨垂向力增加28.4%,车体变化不大;当局部扣件刚度突变时,车体、轮对、转向架的振动加速度和轮轨垂向力均较基本刚度(50 kN/mm)有所增大。扣件刚度整体突变以及局部突变均会对列车振动特性和轮轨垂向作用力产生不利的影响,建议及时对扣件系统进行养护检修,以保证行车的平稳性和安全性。     

基于时变失效的桥式起重机结构可靠性分析

为提高我国起重机产品的安全可靠性水平,用时变可靠性理论分析桥式起重机金属结构。以桥式起重机金属结构为研究对象,时变可靠性理论为基础,研究桥式起重机金属结构的载荷时变可靠性模型和抗力时变可靠性模型,建立桥式起重机金属结构失效状态的时变可靠性数学模型。通过工程算例分析,揭示金属结构抗力随时间衰减与否对可靠度与失效概率的影响,得到不同金属结构抗力衰减系数下桥式起重机主梁金属结构可靠度和失效概率。探索桥式起重机金属结构时变可靠性安全评估方法。对比金属结构抗力衰减系数分别为0.000 2和0.000 3时的分析结果,发现金属结构系统的可靠性随金属结构抗力衰减系数的增加而降低。     

护听器个人防护值验证技术

本文介绍了关于护听器实际防护值的研究数据,和用于护听器个人防护效果验证的方法,以及3ME-A-RfitTM听力防护验证系统。研究表明,护听器的标称降噪值对其实际防护值的指示性非常差,目前也还没有一个可靠的方法来使用护听器的标称值。3ME-A-RfitTM听力防护验证系统是使用实地真耳内置麦克风(F-MIRE)方法,在实际工作现场中快速、定量地测定护听器在具体使用者身上取得的个人声衰减值(PAR),让安全管理人员对员工实际获得的防护水平有清晰的了解。     

成渝高速铁路地面三向振动总值特性分析

为研究高速铁路地面三向振动总值特性,选择成渝高速铁路某路堤段和桥梁段进行了现场地面三向振动测试,分析了振动总值随距离的变化特性。结果表明,路堤段和高架桥段计权和未计权振动总值均随距离增加而近似呈负指数衰减,近场衰减快,远场衰减缓慢;路堤段和高架桥段计权振动总值与Z振级随距离的变化规律类似,且近场两者之间的差值较小,当评价高速铁路运营振动的环境影响时,近场可用Z振级近似代替计权振动总值。     

金属丝网对甲烷/空气预混火焰管道内传播的影响

为研究管道内金属丝网对甲烷/空气预混火焰传播的影响，通过实验和三维数值模拟研究安装金属丝网的管道内火焰传播特性以及流场、温度场的变化。结果表明:40目4层的金属丝网可以使火焰淬熄，30目4层的金属丝网无法淬熄，但可以使火焰停滞3 ms；大涡模型可以很好地对管道内火焰淬熄现象进行模拟；当火焰穿过30目4层金属丝网时，速度增大，在Kelvin Helmholtz不稳定和Rayleigh Taylor不稳定的耦合作用下形成湍流；金属丝网的目数会影响热量在丝网层中的扩散，当金属丝网为30目4层时，火焰热量扩散快，而当金属丝网为40目4层时，火焰热量扩散慢且温度大幅度衰减，衰减率达到83%。     

房地产开发地铁振动达标距离研究

已建和待建的多条地铁线路穿过某房地产开发地块,为了防治地铁运行对建筑造成振动环境影响,需要设定建筑靠近地铁的最小达标距离,包括采取减振措施后的距离。通过现场系统实验监测结合数值模型分析,从工程实践的角度提出了上述距离。对于实验中观察到随距离出现振动局部放大以及进口与国产仪器监测结果不同的现象,佐证了有关学者的理论与实验分析,提出:(1)现有地铁环境影响评价报告常用的60m评价范围偏小,推荐可扩大至80~100m;(2)迫切需要新的振动环境标准发布,避免有关项目的环境管理要求偏低。     

Comprehensive Environmental Investigation at Former Industrial/Petroleum Underground Storage Tank Sites in Long Beach,CA: A Forensic Perspective

Two industrial sites were investigated based on years of available hydrogeologic information and monitoring data for soil and groundwater. Collected data were forensically evaluated using age-dating and fingerprinting methods. The previous business uses of the project sites were as a gas station, laundry/dry-cleaning service, and car wash with petroleum underground storage tanks (USTs). As a result, these sites were exposed to a number of toxic contaminants at relatively high concentrations. Source control was necessary for successful remediation and the ultimate removal of the remaining compounds from these industrial sites. Although contaminated soil around the source was excavated during the remedial action and the high concentrations of contaminants were reduced, typical groundwater contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons as gasoline (TPH-G), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (BTEX), and oxygenates including methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) were persistently found at the studied sites around the source points. The plume and concentration of contaminants had changed their shapes and strength for all monitoring periods. Thus, additional source control seems to be a requirement for the complete removal of source contamination, which must be ascertained with groundwater and soil monitoring on a regular time base. For the study sites, monitored natural attenuation was relatively feasible for the long-term plan; however, it did not offer a perfect remediation solution for an ultimate goal because of residual toxic compounds that might have affected the surrounding residential areas at higher concentrations than their health limits. Therefore, as a remediation strategy, the combination of clean-up technology and natural attenuation with monitoring activities are more highly recommended than either clean-up or natural attenuation used separately.     

Lower back pain and its association with whole-body vibration and manual materials handling among commercial drivers in Sabah

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of lower back pain (LBP) and its association with whole-body vibration (WBV) and manual materials handling (MMH). We studied 110 commercial vehicle drivers using a self-administered questionnaire and the VI-400Pro human vibration monitor. Prevalence of LBP was 66.4%. The percentage of drivers who had frequent manual handling of heavy loads was 45.5% and those who handled heavy loads in awkward postures accounted for 86.4%. Daily vibration A(8) averaged on the z axis was 0.25 (0.06) m·s^?2 and at vector sum was 0.29 (0.07) m·s^?2. Daily vibration exposures on the z axis, frequent manual handling of heavy loads and awkward posture during MMH were significantly associated with LBP. Drivers who are exposed to WBV and frequently handle heavy loads manually and with awkward postures probably have more LBP than drivers who are exposed to only one of these risk factors.     

机械振荡对猕猴桃愈伤组织的生理效应

通过机械振荡处理中华猕猴桃（Actinidia chinensis planch)茎段的愈伤组织，研究模拟振荡方式的力学刺激对木本植物愈伤组织生长分化的生理生化效应。结果表明，猕猴桃对机械振荡的应激效应与本实验室此前对草本植物非洲雏菊（Gerbera jamesonii acrocarpous)的研究有相似的结果。即适度的机械振荡（频率2-3Hz)可促进猕猴桃愈伤组织的生长，使胞内可溶性蛋白质含量升高，SOD活性升高，而IAA氧化酶活性质膜的通透性降低；但当振动强度超过一定范围（3Hz)后，愈伤组织的生长受到明显的抑制，可溶性蛋白质含量下降，SOD活性降低，而IAA氧化酶活性升高，同时细胞膜的封闭和完整性受到损伤，透性增大，研究显示植物对外界应力刺激的响应（应激效应）是很明显的图1表2参17。     

Comment on “Analysis of groundwater contamination using concentration-time series recorded during an integral pumping test: Bias introduced by strong concentration gradients within the plume” by Allelign Zeru and Gerhard Schäfer

We consider the results of a recent paper in this journal [Zeru, A. and Schäfer, G., 2005. Analysis of groundwater contamination using concentration–time series recorded during an integral pumping test: Bias introduced by strong concentration gradients within the plume. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 81 (2005) 106–124], which addresses the field-scale characterisation of contaminant plumes in groundwater. There, it is concluded that contaminant concentration gradients can bias Integral Pumping Test (IPT) interpretations considerably, in particular if IPTs are conducted in advective fronts of contaminant plumes. We discuss implications of this setting and also argue that the longitudinal and transverse dispersivities used in the examples of Zeru and Schäfer (2005) of up to 30 m and 3 m, respectively, are generally very high for the here relevant capture zone scale (< 20 m). However, regardless of both longitudinal and transverse concentration gradients, we further show through a counter-example that IPT results are unbiased as long as the concentration attenuation along the flow direction is linear over the capture zone extent.