煤矸石山自然发火数学模型在红阳三矿新矸石山自燃防治中的应用

煤矿矸石山自燃现象普遍存在 ,对环境污染及危害极大 ,防治矸石山自燃是矿区环境修复的重点研究内容。笔者利用宏观的连续介质研究方法 ,以多孔介质流体动力学理论为指导 ,建立了煤矿矸石山自然发火数学模型 ,从数学上揭示了矸石山自燃的动态演变过程。通过分析矸石山内的渗流场明确了自然发火的影响因素及内在联系 ,针对红阳三矿新矸石山的自燃预防问题 ,提出了碾压、覆盖和边界注浆相结合的综合防治施工方案。该技术在红阳三矿新矸石山的现场应用表明 ,治理方案科学、经济、合理 ,实施效果良好。研究结果对预防矸石山自燃具有理论指导意义与实际应用价值。     

建筑装璜中几种常用板材热解特性及动力学研究

对建筑装璜中几种常用板材变工况的热解行为进行了热重分析（TG）和差分热重分析（DTG）研究。通过对TG和DTG曲线的分析,深入研究了影响样品热解过程的几个重要因素：升温速率、样品粒径和试样量对热解过程的影响,通过对十种模型的比较,发现热解过程符合两阶段一级反应模型。并得出了各阶段的动力学参数、表观活化能和频率因子。     

污泥掺烧技术在煤粉炉上应用的试验研究

通过污泥掺烧技术在煤粉炉上的应用试验,得出污泥的含水率对锅炉制粉系统的影响.掺烧前后对炉膛温度没有大的影响,随着污泥比例的增加,燃烧效率下降,烟尘浓度和SO2浓度降低.     

低NOx燃烧技术

介绍了锅炉燃烧中降低NOx的主要措施和几种国内外主要低NOx燃烧技术的脱硝原理.发展低NOx燃烧技术,对环境保护具有重大意义.     

改性木屑吸附剂对印染废水的脱色性能研究

本文介绍了以廉价易得的杨树木屑为原料，经环氧氯丙烷交联，制备的一种新的生物吸附剂，研究各种反应因素（氢氧化钠浓度、环氧氯丙烷用量、反应温度、木屑粒径等）对反应过程和吸附剂性能的影响，检验了其对品红及孔雀石绿在不同条件下的吸附性能，并探讨了它的吸附动力学曲线和再生性能。     

Manufacture of strand board made from construction scrap wood

The objective of this research was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of strand board made from construction scrap wood. The strand board was manufactured using Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga japonica) strands selected from construction scrap wood. The strands were oriented, and three-layer (face/core/face) strand board of three types was produced: one in which the strands of the face layer were oriented at a right angle to those of the core layer (R board), another in which the strands of the face layer were oriented parallel to those of the core layer (P board), and a third in which the strands of both layers were oriented at random (Ra board). The physical and mechanical properties of the boards were evaluated based on Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS). The main results obtained are as follows: the bending strength of the strand board with a density larger than 0.55 g/cm³ exceeded the standard value of type 18 particleboard of JIS A 5908. The bending strength of the strand board was affected by board density, strand orientation and resin content, and became larger with increased density as well as resin content. That of the parallel specimen of P board was the largest among the specimen-orientations and types. The internal bond strength of the strand board with a density larger than 0.55 g/cm³ exceeded the standard value of type 18 particleboard and type 24-10 particleboard of JIS A 5908. The internal bond strength was markedly affected by the resin content of the core layer, and became larger with increased density. The thickness swelling of the strand board decreased with increased resin content, and become larger with increased density.     

多因素耦合条件下硫化矿自燃神经网络动态预测模型研究

硫化矿石自燃是多种因素、多场耦合综合作用的结果,是一典型的非线性问题。笔者应用人工神经网络技术,以Matlab软件为平台,通过现场调查和理论分析,建立了矿石含硫量、通风强度、环境温度3因素与硫化矿石自燃之间的预测模型;通过数据样本学习与部分现场监测数据相结合进行模拟,研究表明预测数据与实测结果基本吻合,误差控制在10%以内,取得了较好的效果。该研究为预防硫化矿石自燃提供一个新的思路和方法,具有一定的理论意义和应用价值。     

Feasibility of vermicomposting dairy biosolids using a modified system to avoid earthworm mortality

Abstract

A laboratory study was conducted to examine the feasibility of vermicomposting dairy biosolids (dairy sludge), either alone or with either of the bulking agents ‐ cereal straw or wood shavings, using the epigeic earthworm ‐ Eisinea andrei. Earthworms added directly to these three substrates died within 48 hours. A system was developed to overcome the toxic effect of unprocessed dairy biosolids. The substrates were placed over a layer of vermicomposted sheep manure into which the earthworms were inoculated. Within two weeks, all earthworms were within the upper layer of substrate. Compared to sheep manure which is a favourable substrate for vermicomposting, the three substrates containing dairy biosolids were more effective in supporting earthworm growth and reproduction. The final products obtained after 63 days of vermicomposting had 39–53% less organic carbon than the initial substrates. Organic fractionation indicated that vermicomposting increased the stability of the materials to biological decomposition. The vermicomposts obtained from the three substrates with dairy biosolids had low heavy metal contents and electrical conductivities, and did not inhibit plant growth when compared with a commercial vermicompost in a bioassay.     

吨量煤体的自燃过程实验模拟研究

为更好地弄清矿井实际的煤自然发火规律，利用装煤量达5吨的大型实验台对两种烟煤分别进行了自燃模拟实验。大煤量的实验能够很好地模拟煤矿中煤低温氧化和传热传质共同作用导致的发火过程，实验得到的自然发火期与煤矿实际发火期也是一致的。实验中煤样从缓慢氧化变为快速氧化的临界温度为100～110℃。当煤温低于，临界温度时，煤样的升温受到空气流带走热量和向外界散热的影响很大，因此夹层水的保温作用就很关键。当煤温超过临界温度后，反应加快，温度急剧上升，散热的影响明显降低，反应主要受限于氧气的供应情况。     

酒精在常见可燃地面材料燃烧痕迹特征规律研究

易燃液体燃烧痕迹识别对助燃剂放火火灾调查至关重要。选用丙纶地毯和PVC地板革作为纤维和塑料地板的代表,以工业酒精作为易挥发助燃剂的代表,研究酒精用量、灭火方式等对燃烧痕迹形成及痕迹稳定性的影响。通过与未加载酒精的痕迹对比,发现丙纶地毯因热稳定性较差,燃烧后往往能形成烧坑或烧洞,其燃烧轮廓以典型的灰化形式存在,加载酒精的部位熔融严重,与地面紧紧粘连在一起;PVC地板革因为表面光滑,酒精在其表面不断流淌,燃烧后会留下清晰的轮廓,类似于细线状的印痕,而地板革本身基本不会燃烧。燃烧熄灭的方式也会对其炭化程度、燃烧图痕、残余形状产生影响。