社会服务类项目环评中的景观评价初探

叙述了思茅目前开展景观影响评价的情况和意义,提出了景观影响评价的基本概念、步骤、内容和方法,介绍了一种较为简便、实用的用于景观影响评价的定量方法。     

Analysis on sensitivit and landscape ecological spatial structure of site resources

This article establishes a set of indicators and standards for landscape ecological sensitivity analysis of site resources by using the theories and approaches of landscape ecology.It uses landscape diversity index(H),evenness(E),natural degree(N),contrast degree(C) to study spatial structure and landscape heterogeneity of site resources and thus provides a qualitative-quantitative evaluation method for land planning and management of small ,medium scale areas.The analysis of Yantian District,Shenzhen of China showed that Wutong Mountain belonged to high lanscape ecological sensitivity area,Sanzhoutian Reservoir and Shangping Reservoir were medium landscape sensitivity area and high ecological sensitivity area;Dameisha and Xiaomeisha belonged to medium sensitivity area caused by the decline of natural ecological areas.Shatoujiao,Yantian Pier belonged to low sensitivity area but urban landscape ecological development had reshaped and influenced their landscape ecological roles in a great extent.Suggestions on planning,protection goals an development intensity of each site or district were raised.     

哈尔滨松花江北岸洪泛湿地景观生态价值及利用原则

文章依据河谷洪泛湿地自然属性和城市景观生态学原理,论述了哈尔滨松花江北岸洪泛湿地的城市景观生态价值和环境功能,提出了哈尔滨松花江北岸洪泛湿地及自然景观资源今后开发利用的原则和建议.     

湖滨带氧化还原环境的时空变化及其环境效应

在太湖梅梁湾,沿开阔水体至湖滨带方向,对植被型湖滨带(A区)、裸露型湖滨带(B区)和开阔水体(D区)水体中DO和水/沉积物Eh进行为期1a的现场观测.结果发现,梅梁湾水体DO时空变化明显.B区和D区水体中DO常年饱和,而A区DO浓度较低(年均(5.5±1.7)mg·L-1).在植物生长季,从开阔水体至湖滨植被区溶解氧浓度从12.7 mg·L-1降到4.5 mg·L-1;在非植物生长季则从9.7 mg·L-1降到6.2mg·L-1.湖滨带水体Eh在150 mV左右波动,空间变化趋势与溶解氧变化同步.沉积物Eh也表现出明显的时空变化,在植物生长季,各区沉积物均处于较强的还原状态(-158～-101 mV);而在非植物生长季,由开阔水体向植被型湖滨带Eh逐渐升高.在沉积物的垂直剖面上,开阔水体Eh自表层沉积物向下逐渐降低,而在A区的植被覆盖区则是先降低,大概在5 cm深处开始逐渐升高,于20 cm深左右达到峰值.根据上述植被型湖滨带氧化还原环境的特点,可以推知进行湖滨带生态修复,有利于去除湖泊氮污染.     

粉煤灰/工业污泥烧结陶粒的制备与应用

以粉煤灰和工业污水处理站的剩余污泥为主要原材料，采用烧结法研制复合陶粒。分析了不同配方和不同烧结温度对陶粒性能的影响，以陶粒吸水率．容重为评价指标确定最佳配比和最佳烧结温度。提出用陶粒铺设景观水底，治理城市水体．并对其进行了可行性分析。粉煤灰／污泥陶粒的容重为0．79～0．9g／cm^3，吸水率为68．95％-80．01％。陶粒对水中氨氮和总磷吸附容量分别为0．03～0．05mg／g和0．01-0.02mg／g。     

大连市东部地区土地利用及土地覆盖的空间格局研究

为了判明大连市东部地区景观空间结构随开发过程所发生的定量变化,根据景观生态学的原理,选择大连市东部代表地区庄河市1988年和2002年的资料进行分析比较,对庄河市区域景观空间格局的动态变化进行了分析,定量分析其土地利用、覆盖等,对在土地开发利用、保护、治理、开发建设及布局、土地管理、发展旅游等方面具有指导意义。     

Catalytic dechlorinafion of o-chlorophenol by nanoscale Pd／Fe

Transformation of chlorophenols by nanoscale bimetallic particles represents one of the latest innovative technologies for environmental remediation. Nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles were synthesized in the laboratory for treatment of o-chlorophenol. Most of the nanoscale particles are in the size range of 20-100 nm. BET specific surface area of the nanoscale Pd/Fe particles is 12.4 m2/g. In comparison, a commercially available Fe powder( < 100 mesh) has a specific surface area of just 0.49 m2/g. Batch experiments demonstrated that the nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles can effectively dechlorinate o-chlorophenol. Dechlorination efficiency is affected by the mass fraction of Pd in the bimetal, nanoscale Pd/Fe mass concentration and mixing intensity.     

景观锚链的近海大气腐蚀调查研究

在2007年3月对暴露于湛江观海长廊近8年的景观锚链进行了大气腐蚀调查和研究.现场调查结果显示,各站点锚链均受到不同程度的腐蚀,锈层呈黄褐色,站点2和站点3的锈层易剥落.锚链的扫描电镜结果表明,外表面锈层疏松多孔,并伴有大量的裂纹,内表面局部存在大量诱导腐蚀发生的微孔,表面锈层中均含有S元素和Cl元素.红外光谱分析结果显示,锚链表面锈层均有α-FeOOH.大气湿热气候、高含量的Cl-和H2S是锚链钢严重腐蚀及发生块状开裂的主要因素.     

水体中苯及其衍生物降解途径研究进展

介绍了苯及其衍生物对水环境所造成的污染和危害,并对水体中该类污染物降解技术研究进展进行了综述.着重介绍了光化学及光催化技术、生物降解和超声波降解等技术在该领域的有关研究.