铜对颤蚓的快速灭活机制及其在水厂应用分析

采用对苯二甲酸(terephthalic acid,TA)作为羟基自由基(hydroxyl radical,.OH)捕捉剂,利用荧光分光光度法对铜暴露30 min后颤蚓体内.OH浓度进行测定,并结合灭活率、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和丙二醛(malondialderhyde,MDA)等指标测试,研究了铜对颤蚓的灭活效果及毒性作用机制.结果表明,铜对颤蚓具有高效快速灭活作用,1 mg.L-1暴露条件下灭活率即可达100%;其主要灭活机制之一是诱导颤蚓体内.OH增加,继而.OH对颤蚓产生氧化胁迫和脂质过氧化.0.05 mg.L-1暴露条件下,.OH浓度即可上升69.2%,铜可引起颤蚓CAT活性显著降低,对CAT活性具有抑制作用,氧化胁迫作用明显;0.05~0.25 mg.L-1的暴露条件下MAD相对浓度的增加表明铜对颤蚓产生了脂质过氧化作用.颤蚓灭活率、.OH、CAT和MDA等随铜浓度的变化表明,铜的快速灭活作用并非由.OH本身产生的氧化胁迫和脂质过氧化单独完成.铜灭活用于水厂颤蚓风险控制可行性分析表明,反冲洗前采用1 mg.L-1的铜溶液浸泡滤池30 min,引起的残留铜浓度仅为4.3μg.L-1,远低于生活饮用水卫生标准规定的1 mg.L-1.     

Phase behavior of TXs/toluene/water microemulsion systems for solubilization absorption of toluene

Triton Xs(TXs) surfactants/cosurfactant/water/oil(toluene) microemulsion systems for enhancing toluene solubilization were proposed and its potential was investigated for toluene removal from gas stream.The results indicated that TX-100 was superior to other TXs surfactants in removing toluene without cosurfactant.The efficiency of cosurfactants for improving toluene solubilization capacity follows the order:amine>alcohol>acid.According to the factor analysis,the linear cosurfactants are better than the bra...     

超声协同紫外灭活大肠杆菌实验研究

应用紫外、超声、超声协同紫外对大肠杆菌进行灭活,并从生物学角度对协同机理进行探讨。结果表明:实验条件下,紫外辐照剂量与大肠杆菌灭活率之间具有良好的线性关系,各紫外辐照剂量下的E.coli均发生了光复活现象。超声功率密度对于灭活结果具有显著意义(p0.05),研究中超声灭活大肠杆菌的最大相对功效值对应的工况为7.18W/cm2作用80s。超声的协同作用使紫外线消毒动力学方程K值由0.1增至0.1358,减小了细菌对UV的抗性;与单独紫外作用比较,超声与紫外协同作用的光复活率有所降低。超声与紫外同时作用对细胞形态结构产生严重的破坏,超声作用只能改变细胞的结构,而不能破坏其DNA;利用T4-EndoⅤ对CPDs的特异性识别特性,可发现经各工况处理后,大肠杆菌DNA均被降解,产生大量CPDS,且各工况下ESS含量变化曲线与各工况下大肠杆菌灭活率曲线的相关系数达到0.92。     

消油剂对马粪海胆污染效应的影响

以马粪海胆(Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)为测试对象,比较了0号柴油分散液(WAFs)与加入消油剂后的乳化液(dis-WAFs)的24、48、72、96 h急性毒性效应,并研究了不同浓度的柴油乳化液对马粪海胆消化腺超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响。实验结果表明:0号柴油分散液对马粪海胆幼胆的半致死浓度分别为18.2、15.5、11.5、9.5 mg/L;0号柴油乳化液对马粪海胆幼胆的24、48、72、96 h半致死浓度分别为11.7、9.1、7.4、5.1 mg/L。暴露相同时间时,0号柴油乳化液的毒性大于0号柴油分散液。亚致死浓度的dis-WAFs污染对抗氧化酶活性影响存在剂量-效应关系。同一剂量组随着污染时间的延长,SOD和CAT的活力表现为先诱导后抑制的趋势,受污染个体在污染解除之后,其SOD和CAT酶活性得到恢复。SOD和CAT可以作为海洋底栖环境石油烃污染监测的潜在的生物标志物之一。     

氟铃脲降解菌FLN-1的分离鉴定及降解特性

从农药厂废水处理池的活性污泥中分离到1株能降解氟铃脲的菌株,命名为FLN-1.根据表型特征、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列同源性分析,将FLN-1初步归类为红球菌属(Rhodococcus sp.).研究结果表明.该菌能在含氟铃脲(50mg·L-1)的基础盐液体培养基中降解氟铃脲,5d降解率达85%,降解最适pH为6.0～9.0,最适温度为25～40℃,降解速率随初始接种量的增加而增大;100mg·L-1的葡萄糖、酵母膏和蛋白胨对菌株降解氟铃脲具有促进作用.酶的定域试验表明,降解氟铃脲的酶为胞内酶.     

堆肥反应器中2种微生物接种剂的堆肥效果研究

在严格控制堆肥条件的情况下,以鸡粪为堆肥基本原料,选用单一微生物巨大芽孢杆菌和复合微生物VT菌为接种剂,通过研究堆肥过程中的温度、氧气浓度、C/N、WSC(水溶性碳)、发芽指数(GI)以及脱氢酶和纤维素酶的活性动态变化来反映这2种微生物接种剂对堆肥效果的影响.结果表明,接种复合微生物菌剂VT的处理在堆肥升温和保持高温效果明显,接种微生物菌剂的2个处理的堆体内氧气浓度都较CK低,其中最低的为接种复合微生物菌剂VT的处理.接种微生物菌剂,C/N下降速度快,WSC浓度相对高,GI值上升速度明显加快,有利于加快堆肥腐熟进程,其中接种复合微生物菌剂VT的效果较单一微生物菌剂巨大芽孢杆菌好.接种微生物菌剂有利于堆肥升温期脱氢酶和纤维素酶活性增加,促进堆肥的氧化还原反应和纤维素的分解,且接种复合微生物VT的效果明显.     

Cloning, expression in Escherichia coli, and enzymatic properties of laccase from Aeromonas hydrophila WL-11

A strain WL-11 with high laccase activity was isolated from activated sludge collected from the effluent treatment plant of a textile and dyeing industry.It was identified as Aeromonas hydrophila by physiological test and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.A gene encoding of laccase from a newly isolated Aeromonas hydrophila WL-11 was cloned and characterized.Nucleotide sequence analysis showed an open reading frame of 1605 bp encoding a polypeptide comprised of 534 amino acids.The primary structure of the enzyme predicted the structural features characteristic of other laccases,including the conserved regions of four histidine-rich copper-binding sites.The predicted amino acid sequence showed a high homology(more than 60%) with bacterial laccases in the genome and protein databases and the highest degree of similarity(61% identity) was observed with the multicopper oxidase of Klebsiella sp.601.When expressed in Escherichia coli,the recombinant enzyme was overproduced in the cytoplasm as soluble and active form.The purified enzyme had an optimum pH of 2.6 and 8.0 for ABTS(2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazolinesulfonic acid) and DMP(2,6-dimethoxyphenol),respectively.The kinetic study on ABTS revealed a higher affinity of this enzyme to this substrate than DMP.     

Validation of a conductometric bienzyme biosensor for the detection of proteins as marker of organic matter in river samples

This article describes a conductometric bi-layer based bienzyme biosensor for the detection of proteins as a marker of organic matter in rivers. Proteins were chosen to be used as indicators of urban pollution. The working mechanism of the bienzyme biosensor is based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins into several fractions (peptides and amino acids), which results in a local conductivity change depending of the concentration of proteins. In this work, we began with the optimization of biosensor response using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as standard protein. For this objective seven enzymatic biosensors were prepared: four enzymatic sensors with only one layer of enzyme (proteinase K, trypsin, pronase or protease X) and three other enzymatic sensors with two layers (first layer: membrane containing proteinase K; second layer: one of the three other enzymes: trypsin, pronase or protease X). The biosensors were obtained through the deposition of enzymatic layers and the cross-linking process between enzymes and BSA in saturated glutaraldehyde vapour. The response of the various biosensors, described previously, were compared with the values of total organic carbon (TOC), and those of organic nitrogen (Norg), as determined by the laboratory accredits (CEMAGREF of Lyon) using the traditional method of analysis (NF EN 1484, infrared spectroscopy) and (NF EN 25663, mineralization/colorimetry assay) respectively for each water sample obtained from di erent sites in Lyon (France). The linear correlations obtained with the response of the seven biosensors showed the most important indices of correlations for the biosensor with two enzymatic layers: proteinase K + pronase (pkp). The optimum conditions for the preparation of the pkp biosensor increased the sensitivity and gave a limit of quantification of 0.583 g/L for TOC and 0.218 g/L for Norg in water samples. This sensor shows good reproducibility (2.28%), a capacity to be used at temperatures range 10– 30°C (depending on the season) and moreover a long lifetime (5 weeks).     

Effects of nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 on the laccase-catalyzed conversion of bisphenol A

The laccase-catalyzed conversion of bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous solutions was studied in the absence and presence of nonionic surfactant Triton X-100. It was found that the addition of Triton X-100 into the reaction system increased the conversion of BPA, especially near the critical micelle concentration of Triton X-100. Also it was found that the stability of laccase was greatly improved in the presence of TritonX-100. Studies on the endogenous fluorescence emission of laccase indicated that there existed an interaction between Triton X-100 and laccase, which was beneficial to folding and stabilizating of laccase. The binding of Triton X-100 to the laccase surface also mitigated the inactivation e ect caused by the free radicals and polymerization products. Under otherwise identical conditions, a lower dosage of laccase was needed for the higher conversion of BPA in the presence of Triton X-100.     

基因工程菌漆酶对蒽醌染料的脱色研究

利用基因工程菌甲醇毕赤酵母(PMAD16/pMETαA-Lcc1)培养产生的重组漆酶,研究了重组漆酶对蒽醌染料Remazol Brilliant Blue R脱色的影响。结果表明:重组漆酶对蒽醌染料RBBR脱色的最佳pH值为4.5,温度为45℃,当溶液中漆酶活力为10.0U/mL时,在最适脱色条件下作用14h,粗漆酶和纯化漆酶对蒽醌染料RBBR(80mg/L)的脱色率分别为95.2%和87.5%,重组漆酶可有效地使蒽醌染料RBBR脱色。