Photocatalytic degradation of dye effluent by titanium dioxide pillar pellets in aqueous solution

Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) process is an effective way to deal with organic pollutants in wastewater which could be difficult to be degraded by conventional biological treatment methods. Normally the TiO2 powder in nanometre size range was directly used as photocatalyst for dye degradation in wastewater. However the titanium dioxide powder was arduous to be recovered from the solution after treatment. In this application, a new form of TiO2(i. e. pillar pellets ranging from 2.5 to 5.3 mm long and with a diameter of 3.7 mm) was used and investigated for photocatalytic degradation of textile dye effluent. A test system was built with a flat plate reactor(FPR) and UV light source(blacklight and solar simulator as light source respectively) for investigating the effectiveness of the new form of TiO2. It was found that the photocatalytic process under this configuration could efficiently remove colours from textile dyeing effluent. Comparing with the TiO2 powder, the pellet was very easy to recovered from the treated solution and can be reused in multiple times without the significant change on the photocatalytic property. The results also showed that to achieve the same photocatalytic performance, the FPR area by pellets was about 91% smaller than required by TiO2 powder. At least TiO2 pellet could be used as an alternative form of photocatalyst in applications for textile effluent treatment process, also other wastewater treatment processes.     

四海龙湾表层沉积物中有机质的组成特征及其源解析

为研究玛珥湖四海龙湾表层沉积物中有机质的组成特征及来源,采集四海龙湾表层沉积物样品,并对其中的有机质进行了分析. 结果表明,四海龙湾表层沉积物中w(TOC)(TOC为总有机碳)为6.7%、w(TN)为0.6%、δ13C_org(TOC同位素丰度)为-28.0‰、δ15N_total(TN同位素丰度)为2.2‰. 可溶性有机质主要包括脂肪烃、脂肪醇、脂肪酸和GDGTs(甘油二烷基甘油四醚脂)等,其中脂肪酸是可溶性有机质的主要组分,约占可溶性有机质总量的68.8%,主要来源于内源性的藻类和厌氧菌; 脂肪烃主要来源于陆源的C3木本植物;结合态脂肪醇具有明显的内源来源特征,而游离态脂肪醇却呈现陆源来源特征. 四海龙湾沉积物中含有丰富的GDGTs,主要来源于陆源土壤,包括支链类GDGTs和类异戊二烯类GDGTs,其中类异戊二烯类GDGTs以GDGTⅣ和GDGTⅤ为主,但其在四海龙湾沉积物中的含量相对较小. 研究显示,四海龙湾流域陆源是沉积物中可溶性有机质的主要来源,陆源有机质的大量流入改变了四海龙湾的营养水平;不同种类可溶性有机质表现出不同的来源特征,这主要是由于微生物对不同种类有机质降解速率的不同所致,并且导致降解所产生的二次有机质数量也不同.      

利用甘油脱水酶基因构建产3-羟基丙醛工程菌及其表达比较

3-羟基丙醛(3-HPA)是一种重要的化工产品,可由甘油经甘油脱水酶作用后生成.为获得产3-HPA基因工程菌,在已构建含甘油脱水酶基因及其激活因子大亚基质粒pEtac-dhaB-gdrA的基础上,构建了包含小亚基gdrB激活因子的重组质粒pEtac-dhaB-gdrA-gdrB.利用大肠杆菌通用tac启动子将该质粒在不同Escherichia coli BL21、DH5a及JM109中进行表达.阳性转化子经IPTG诱导后,提取总RNA,以cDNA为模板进行RT-PCR发现,目标基因在不同宿主都能较好转录.SDS-PAGE、酶活测定和3-HPA浓度测定结果表明,目标蛋白表达存在差异;酶活分别为4.7(±0.44)、3.5(±0.95)、8.1(±0.66)U/mg;发酵液中3-HPA的含量分别为0.012(±0.0044)、0.014(±0.003)、0.375(±0.018)g L-1,重组E.coli JM109/pEtac-dhaB-gdrA-gdrB具有较好的甘油脱水酶基因表达和产3-HPA性能.该基因工程菌与克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)相比,发酵副产物明显较少,有利于后期提取,为生产3-HPA提供了一条新思路.     

Removal of sulfadiazine from aqueous solution on kaolinite

The adsorption of sulfadiazine onto kaolinite clay as an alternative adsorbent was examined in aqueous solution, hnpacts of the contact time, pH, temperature, ionic strength and coexistent surfactants on the adsorption process were evaluated. The pH significantly influenced the adsorption process, with adsorption being promoted at lower pH due to the cation exchange mechanism. Decreasing ionic strength in the solution was favorable for adsorption, and the addition of cationic and anionic surfactants had negative effects on the adsorption capacity of sulfadiazine on kaolinite. Kinetic experiments showed that the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model. The equilibrium adsorption was well described by both Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich （DR） models. According to the DR model, the adsorption mechanism was determined by cationic exchange and weak physical forces. The thermodynamic study showed that sulfadiazine adsorption onto kaolinite was a sponta- neous and endothermic reaction.     

促进氰钴胺素转化为腺苷钴胺素的基因表达与鉴定

辅酶B12作为甘油脱水酶(GDHt)的辅酶参与到Klebsiella pneumoniae代谢甘油生成1,3-丙二醇(1,3-PD)和3-羟基丙酸(3-HP)的途径中.前期研究表明底物甘油可以导致辅酶B12分子中Co—C键的断裂,进而引起GDHt的失活.为进一步研究非活性的维生素B12(CNCbI)转化为具有活性的辅酶B12(AdoCbI)的过程,从K.pneumoniae中克隆得到了ATP:钴(I)胺素腺苷转移酶(ACA)基因btuR和还原酶基因yciK,并成功构建了双启动子表达质粒pUC18-tac-btuR-tac-yciK,将表达质粒转化Escherichia coli JM109获得了一株重组菌.利用改进的分析方法,结果表明:1)重组蛋白具有腺苷转移酶的活性;2)重组菌可以很好地将非活性的钴胺素,如维生素B12,转化生成具有活性的辅酶B12.     

生物柴油副产物甘油的去杂工艺条件研究

采用絮凝的方法,对桐油制备生物柴油副产物甘油的去杂工艺条件进行了研究。考察了不同絮凝剂及絮凝剂用量、pH值、搅拌时间、反应温度等条件对甘油絮凝去除杂质的效果和甘油回收率的影响。结果表明:采用硫酸铝絮凝剂,在絮凝剂用量为0.2%,pH值为6.0,搅拌时间为5 min,反应温度为20℃的条件下去杂效果最好,甘油回收率为80.45%。     

液氨泄漏事故的处置要点有哪些？

液氨,因其价廉的特点在制冰和冷藏行业得到广泛使用。液氨,是一种有刺激臭味的无色有毒气体,极易溶于水,水溶液呈碱性,易液化,一般液氨可作致冷剂,接触液氨可引起严重冻伤。氨气爆炸极限为15．7～27．4％。因此、氨气与空气或氧气混和会形成爆炸性混合物,储存容器受热时也极有可能发生爆炸。氨气能侵袭湿皮肤、粘膜和眼睛,可引起严重咳嗽、支气管痉挛、急性肺水肿,甚至会造成失明和窒息死亡。     

多菌灵在水体系中的光化学降解研究

系统研究了高压汞灯和天然日光照射下多菌灵在天然海水、人工海水和蒸馏水中的光降解情况.天然日光照射下,多菌灵在三种介质中光稳定性均很强,几乎不降解.高压汞灯较天然日光更能有效地激发多菌灵降解.在高压汞灯照射下,多菌灵在蒸馏水中的半寿期为23.42 min.多菌灵在蒸馏水中的光降解速率大于其在人工海水和天然海水的光降解速率,这主要是由于天然海水中存在的阴、阳离子和其它特殊的物质所引起的.同蒸馏水中的光反应相比,人工海水中的离子抑制了多菌灵的光降解反应.实验发现溶液中加入重金属离子会改变多菌灵的光降解速率.     

氯气职业病危害及防护对策

氯气（Cl2）在氯碱生产工艺中,由直流电电解饱和食盐水溶液所制取,是重要的化工原料。它用途极广,主要有杀菌消毒、纸浆纤维漂白、矿物氯化法精炼等,用于无机合成方面,如漂白剂（漂白粉、漂白精及次氯酸钠）、三氯化铝、氯化磷、农药、三氯化铁、照相氯化银、氯化钾、合成盐酸、