利用废弃资源发展单细胞蛋白产业

未经处理而排放的废水及人畜废物会给环境造成严重污染,同时也造成了大量的资源浪费。有效利用这些废弃资源生产单细胞蛋白具有巨大的社会与经济效益。本文对该领域的特点、具体应用及其前景作了较为详细的探讨。     

职业接触苯乙烯工人静脉血中蛋白质环氧苯乙烯加合物的分析测定

静脉血中蛋白质－环氧苯乙烯（ＳＯ）加合物的分析测定是将蛋白质中半胱氨酸残留经分解后，用Ｒａｎｅｙ Ｎｉ催化反应生成两种加合物：α－苯己醇，β－苯已醇，再用五氟苯氯衍生，ＧＣ／ＭＳ测定，用同样的方法测ＳＤ大鼠血的蛋白质加合物，结果表明动物血中蛋白质加的与实验的苯乙烯或ＳＯ剂量有较好的相关性；而且ＳＯ与半胱氨酸的反应α位强于β位，在人群实验中，对一个石棉厂职业接触苯乙烯工人静脉血中的蛋白质加合物进行测     

利用味精废水生产饲料蛋白的研究

以溜曲霉为出发菌株 ,通过筛选 7种生物质添加剂对利用味精废水液体发酵生产饲料蛋白进行了可行性研究。优化后的发酵配方组成为 :孢子接种量 1.8× 10 8、苹果渣 4%、Na2 HPO4 0 .1g/L、KH2 PO4 0 .0 5 g/L ,其余是味精废水 ,产物的粗蛋白含量达 33%。实验结果表明 ,利用味精厂高浓度有机废水发酵溜曲霉生产饲料蛋白 ,在有效处理废水的同时亦可生产有经济价值的产品。     

改进的硫酸盐-聚乙烯醇法包埋藻菌脱氮除磷研究

采用改进的硫酸盐-PVA固定化法将藻与菌混合固定。在三种不同藻菌比的情况下，固定化系统对氮去除均可达100％，但是去除速度与固定的细菌量有关，细菌量越大，对氮的去除速度越快；对磷的去除随实验进行，最大去除率逐步下降，其下降速度与固定藻的量有关，藻量越大，下降速度越慢。由此说明脱氮的主要贡献者是细菌，而藻对除磷起了主要作用。为达到有效的脱氮除磷，应适当提高固定化藻的浓度，藻菌比应大于2：1。透射电镜照片显示，在聚乙烯醇载体上，藻类的生长没有受到限制。     

不同停曝比对连续流亚硝化颗粒污泥运行的影响

在（25~28℃）下,接种成熟亚硝化颗粒污泥于连续流反应器,为避免通过蠕动泵的污泥回流所造成的颗粒污泥破碎,采用内置沉淀区进行内回流,调整停曝比为1：1、2：1和1：2,研究不同停曝比对连续流亚硝化颗粒污泥系统稳定性的影响.结果表明,控制停曝比为1：1和2：1,亚硝化性能良好,阶段末期亚硝酸盐积累率分别为85.2%和94.5%,控制停曝比为1：2,亚硝化性能逐渐恶化,阶段末期氨氧化率和亚硝酸盐积累率下降至64.1%和58.7%.批次试验表明,间歇曝气相对连续曝气可在一定程度上较好地抑制亚硝酸盐氧化菌（NOB）的相对活性,停曝时间越长,对NOB的活性抑制越好,但由于停曝时间过长也将导致氨氧化率降低,故在亚硝化工艺中,可采用1：1停曝比并协同其他控制条件的方式来实现连续流亚硝化工艺的长期稳定运行.污泥性能分析表明,在停曝比为1：1~1：2范围内,停曝时间越长,颗粒污泥结构越稳定,停曝时间越短,反应器内选择压较小,致使污泥沉降性能变差,部分亚硝化颗粒污泥解体,此外,胞外聚合物（EPS）化学分析及三维荧光光谱分析显示,停曝比为2：1条件下,蛋白（PN）含量较高且蛋白/多糖（PN/PS）值也较高.     

蛋白泡沫灭火剂及其组分的生物降解试验

采用呼吸计量法考察蛋白泡沫灭火剂组分对其降解性的影响,明确几种国内典型蛋白泡沫灭火剂的生物降解性能。20 d快速生物降解试验结果表明:水解蛋白浓缩液易于生物降解,防腐剂苯酚的添加不会抑制蛋白泡沫灭火剂的生物降解,泡沫稳定剂硫酸亚铁则会对蛋白泡沫灭火剂的生物降解有所影响;6种市售典型蛋白泡沫灭火剂的20 d生物降解率均超过60%,抗溶型蛋白泡沫灭火剂的生物降解性普遍较高;国内蛋白泡沫灭火剂产品的20 d生物降解率远高于国外同类产品,在生物降解性能方面比国外同类产品更具有优势。     

Early stage toxicity of excess copper to photosystem II of Chlorella pyrenoidosa–OJIP chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis

Acute toxicity of excess Cu on the photosynthetic performance of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was examined by using chlorophyll a fluorescence transients and JIP-test after exposure to elevated Cu concentrations for a short time period. High Cu concentration resulted in a significant suppression in photosynthesis and respiration. The absorption flux (ABS/RC) per PSII reaction center increased with increasing Cu concentration, but the electron transport flux (ET₀/RC) decreased. Excess Cu had an insignificant effect on the trapping flux (TR₀/RC). The decline in the efficiency, with which a trapped exciton can move an electron into the electron transport chain further than Q_A−(Ψ₀), the maximal quantum yield of primary photochemistry (?_P0), and the quantum yield of electron transport (?_E0) were also observed. The amount of active PSII reaction centers per excited cross section (RC/CS) was also in consistency with the change of photosynthesis when cells were exposed to excess Cu concentration. JIP-test parameters had a good linear relationship with photosynthetic O₂ evolution. These results suggested that the decrease of photosynthesis in exposure to excess Cu may be a result of the inactivation of PSII reaction centers and the inhibition of electron transport in the acceptor side.     

红霉素废液生产单细胞蛋白的发酵条件研究

采用单因素及正交方法,以微生物含量为主要检测指标,研究红霉素废液生产单细胞蛋白的工艺条件。探讨了接菌量、发酵培养基中废液含量、发酵时间、发酵pH值、氮源等因素对单细胞蛋白产量的影响。结果表明,红霉素废液发酵生产蛋白的适宜条件为:发酵培养基中废液含量20%,接菌量6%,pH=6,发酵时间72h。     

Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model animal for assessing the toxicity induced by microcystin-LR

Among more than 75 variants of microcystin(MC),microcystin-LR(MC-LR) is one of the most common toxins.In this study,the feasibility of using Caenorhabditis elegans to evaluate MC-LR toxicity was studied.C.elegans was treated with MC-LR at different concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 80 μg/L.The results showed that MC-LR could reduce lifespan,delay development,lengthen generation time,decrease brood size,suppress locomotion behavior,and decreases hsp-16-2-gfp expression.The endpoints of generation time,brood...     

Identification and characterization of the chromium（Ⅵ） responding protein from a newly isolated Ochrobactrum anthropi CTS-325

A Gram-negative, chromium(VI) tolerant and reductive strain CTS-325, isolated from a Chinese chromate plant, was identified as Ochrobactrum anthropi based on its biochemical properties and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. It was able to tolerate up to 10 mmol/L Cr(VI) and completely reduce 1 mmol/L Cr(VI) to Cr(III) within 48 h. When the strain CTS-325 was induced with Cr(VI), a protein increased significantly in the whole cell proteins. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed that this protein was a superoxide dismutase (SOD) homology. The measured superoxide dismutase activity was 2694 U/mg after three steps of purification. The SOD catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion (O₂^·−) into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. This protein is considered to be one of the most important anti-oxidative enzymes for O. anthropi as it allows the bacterium to survive high oxygen stress environments, such as the environment produced during the reduction process of Cr(VI).