岷江成都段有机物污染调查

对岷江成都段有机物污染进行了调查。共设置7个监测断面,共定性检出431种有机物：经过筛选确定苯系物、多环芳烃、有机氯农药、多氯联苯和挥发性卤代烃为主要污染物。对这5类有机污染物定量分析,并对其时空分布及其成因进行了探讨。指出,随着工业的发展,有机物污染问题日益突出,有机化合物的数目增加的很快,我国目前对有毒有害化合物的评价标准远远满足不了需要。建议在严格控制现有有毒有害化合物的基础上制定出更多的评价标准。     

Remote Sensing Tools Assist in Environmental Forensics. Part I: Traditional Methods

This is part one of a two-part discussion, in which we will provide an overview of the use of aerial photography, topographic mapping and photogrammetry in environmental enforcement actions. The visualization of spatial relationships of natural and man-made features can focus the scope of environmental investigation, and provide a simple, yet quantitative, historical record of changes in conditions on a site. Aerial photography has been used in environmental remote sensing since the early part of the 20th century. Aerial photos are valuable tools for environmental assessment because they provide objective, detailed documentation of surface conditions at a specific time. Furthermore, they can generally be obtained even in cases where access on the ground is denied to investigators. From aerial photos, precise quantitative information can be collected using photogrammetry. Such measurement and positional data can be produced in digital format for input into a Geographic Information System (GIS) for computerized analysis and display. Other information derived from aerial photographs requires specialized photointerpretive skills and experience. These include the recognition of vegetation mortality, oil-spill damage, and the ecological quality of water bodies. The location, extent and historical change of hazardous waste sites can be documented on topographic maps. These maps are often created from aerial photographs, and display the extent and location of real-world features by symbolizing them. The major advantage of maps over aerial photos is that maps can show things that are not visible from the air, while omitting unnecessary and distracting information. Because maps are derived products, they may contain bias in content and presentation, and they must be backed up by careful documentation and quality assurance protocols.     

垃圾填埋场底土层污染状况调查

通过钻探取样对一个垃圾场底部支的污染状况进行了现场调查。结果表明,垃圾场下方浅层土壤已受到一定程度的污染,Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｈｇ、Ｃｒ等重元素污染较轻,ＮＨ３Ｎ、ＴＯＣ值较高。由于该场地下方粘土层的渗透系数很小,污染物的迁移距离在３０ｃｍ～４０ｃｍ左右,能较有效地防止垃圾中污染物的快速下渗适移。     

黄河三角洲水环境现状调查

调查了黄河三角洲的排污现状及治理情况,分析评价了黄河三角洲地区的水环境质量。指出石油开采业和造纸黄河三角洲地区的主要污染行业。     

执行水污染物总量收费政策效果评价

通过对排放水污染物总量收费政策在无锡市实施情况的调查与分析 ,评价了总量收费政策的执行效果 ,并对达标排放停总量收费的做法进行了利弊分析。指出 ,应完善总量收费政策 ,以发挥其在环境管理中的经济杠杆作用     

江阴市区住宅小区光环境调查与评价

选取江阴市区具代表性的六个住宅小区进行光环境现状调查,包括监测和问卷调查,总结出江阴市住宅小区的光环境现状,指出存在的问题并分析了原因.     

浅谈我国土壤环境质量监测

简述了我国土壤环境污染状况及国家对保护土壤环境的目标要求,回顾了全国土壤环境质量监测历程。着重介绍了“十二五”期间将开展的全国土壤环境质量例行试点监测基本情况,并分析了我国土壤环境质量监测目前存在的问题,提出了加强我国土壤环境监测监管能力建设,建立健全土壤环境保护法律体系和全面提升公众土壤环境风险防范及保护的建议。     

杭州湾上虞工业园区环境空气中苯系物的调查及其特征

用活性炭吸附空气中有机物苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯、苯乙烯,二硫化碳解吸后用毛细管气相色谱法同时测定,各组分线性响应良好,曲线相关系数均大于0.995;灵敏度高,检出限在0.01～0.03μg/ml之间;回收率在82.4%～105.8%之间。苯、甲苯、二甲苯均未超过GB 16297—1996中规定的0.5、0.3、1.5mg/m3,也未超过新污染源大气污染物排放限值中规定的0.4、2.4、1.2mg/m3,苯乙烯浓度也远小于恶臭污染物排放标准GB 14554—93中规定的一级标准3.0mg/m3,虽然工业园区及其周边大气环境均能检测出苯系物,但都在国家相关标准范围内。     

水泥生产性粉尘作业危害调查

本文对水泥生产现场调查并做生产性粉尘作业危害程度分级,结果显示水泥生产场所的粉尘浓度高,工人接尘作业时间长。粉尘危害严重,呈现粉尘浓度高,提示生产场所粉尘浓度,减少工人的接尘作业时间,是预防水泥生产性粉尘危害的有效措施。     

淮安市区饮用水源水环境现状调查

为了解淮安市区饮用水源水质状况，江苏省水环境监测中心淮宿分中心于1998年—2002年对淮安市区饮用水源地水质进行了监测，结果表明，二河闸水质达Ⅱ类水标准，五毒项目未检出；杨庄闸上游废黄河水质除1999年达Ⅲ类水标准外，其他年份水质均达Ⅱ类水标准，五毒项目未检出；京杭大运河淮安市区段及里运河水质较差，主要是氨氮超标严重，近5年水质基本都是劣于V类水标准。指出，淮河污染问题还没有根本解决，沿淮上游积蓄的污水，时常以小流量下泄，并不时有所增大，经常发生水污染事故；淮阴第二抽水站抽水流量超过40m^3／s时，京杭大运河及里运河污水对淮安市区北京路地面水厂、淮阴区地面水厂两取水口水质产生一定的影响。