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101.
102.
Litter at beaches can come from more than one source and determining the proportions to assign pollution to different sources
is very complex. There is no widely accepted methodology at present that links litter items to their source. The aim of this
study was to create a method of assigning a source to litter found on beaches of the Bristol Channel but which could equally
be used on any beach. Various methods that attempt to establish the source of beach litter were evaluated; their strengths,
weaknesses, applicability and reliability for use on Bristol Channel, UK beaches were considered. Elements of existing methods
coupled with new ideas were utilized in the production of a ‘refined’ methodology: consequently a new method of assigning
a source to beach litter was developed. The developed ‘Matrix Scoring Technique’ was applied to data collected at Minehead
beach on the Bristol Channel, UK. Several numerical and nomenclature variations were used to produce a system that reflected
the various sources and eliminated as much bias as possible. This cross-tabulated matrix scoring system can produce an insight
into the contribution of different source groups to litter found on beaches. This novel approach requires further testing
with emphasis on a control data set. 相似文献
103.
Boelens Richard G. V. 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》1996,2(1):169-174
The Irish Sea's distinctive hydrographic features present unique opportunities for research into the complex processes that
regulate shelf-sea ecosystems. Such studies are essential in developing capabilities to detect and evaluate change in marine
environments. A 1993 review showed almost 230 projects underway on the Irish Sea, spanning all the major fields of marine
science. But a large proportion of research projects failed to indicate the purpose of the work; overall, there was a remarkable
absence of clarity and specificity in the objectives. Progress in some fields is also hampered by insufficient coordination
and cohesion; at present there are no standing arrangements between Ireland and the United Kingdom that provide for bilateral,
co-ordination of scientific work in the area. There is clearly a need for a more planned and integrated Irish Sea science
programme to provide information for management purposes and also to advance scientific understanding of the components and
functions of Irish Sea ecosystems, and how and why they change with time. There is a common belief that the first of these
predominantly involves monitoring, and the second research. However, the paper cautions that this is a dubious and unnecessary
distinction. A strategy aimed at better integration of research and monitoring (e.g. a framework of linked objectives and
targets) could substantially increase the information dividend from current investments in Irish Sea science. Based on a joint
Irish/UK review, this paper outlines studies and approaches that are seen as key elements of a future, more relevant and costeffective
research programme for the Irish Sea. 相似文献
104.
In 1994 the Countryside Council for Wales, the government nature conservation and countryside advisor in Wales, published
a consultation document on marine and coastal policy, and also commissioned research into the status of coastal zone management
(CZM) in the Principality. The research, undertaken by the University of Wales Cardiff, investigated CZM from an international,
national (U.K.) and Welsh perspective, concentrating on detailed case studies of three areas (including both urban and rural
coasts). Policy makers, managers, practitioners and users from all sectors were included in the study which established current
activity, identified problems and reviewe future plans. Interviews and questionnaire returns highlighted vital information
gaps at all levels. These ranged fom a lack of basic data (including scientific and technical), to a breakdown in communication
both within and between organisations, as well as a policy vacuum in both regional and central government. 相似文献
105.
有机磷农药对海洋微藻致毒性的生物学研究Ⅰ.四种海洋微藻对久效磷的耐受力与其SOD活性的相关性 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文研究了久效磷农药对扁藻、三角褐指藻、金藻和盐藻的毒性实验。结果表明,四种海洋微藻对久效磷的耐受力依次为:盐藻>三角褐指藻>金藻>扁澡。对微藻细胞内过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的测定表明,四种海洋微藻对久效磷的耐受力与其SOD活性具相关性,耐受力最强的盐藻其细胞内SOD活性较高,并在久效磷的胁迫下保持相对稳定;耐受力较弱的三角褐指藻和金藻其细胞内SOD活性随着久效磷浓度的提高逐渐下降;而耐受力弱的扁藻在久效磷胁迫下,其细胞内SOD活性迅速下降。因此,可从SOD活性及其变化规律上判断久效磷对海洋环境污染的程度以及海洋微藻的耐受力。 相似文献
106.
107.
Penghao Su Yuejiao Hao Zhe Qian Weiwei Zhang Jing Chen Fan Zhang Fang Yin Daolun Feng Yingjun Chen Yifan Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(5):262-270
Ship auxiliary engines contribute large amounts of air pollutants when at berth.Biodiesel,including that from waste cooking oil(WCO),can favor a reduction in the emission of primary pollutant when used with internal combustion engines.This study investigated the emissions of gaseous intermediate-volatile organic compounds(IVOCs) between WCO biodiesel and marine gas oil(MGO) to further understand the differences in secondary organic aerosol(SOA) production of exhausts.Results revealed that WCO exhaust exhibited similar IVOC composition and volatility distribution to MGO exhaust,despite the differences between fuel contents.While WCO biodiesel could reduce IVOC emissions by 50% as compared to MGO,and thus reduced the SOA production from IVOCs.The compositions and volatility distributions of exhaust IVOCs varied to those of their fuels,implying that fuel-component-based SOA predicting model should be used with more cautions when assessing SOA production of WCO and MGO exhausts.WCO biodiesel is a cleaner fuel comparing to conventional MGO on ship auxiliary engines with regard to the reductions in gaseous IVOC emissions and corresponding SOA productions.Although the tests were conducted on test bench,the results could be considered as representative due to the widely applications of the test engine and MGO fuel on real-world ships. 相似文献
108.
目的研究海洋大气模拟环境下,电连接器不同安装防护工艺方法的环境适应性。方法选取有代表性的电连接器,以不同的安装防护工艺装配在典型结构材料制作的安装板上,在实验室加速腐蚀环境下,验证其不同的防护效果。结果电连接器线缆的不同防护工艺将对电连接器基本电性能造成直接影响,安装板与电连接器接触面的防护工艺不同将对其基体材料的腐蚀程度造成很大差异。结论采用热缩管对连接器线缆进行有效的密封能保护电连接器内部结构,避免腐蚀介质的侵蚀对电性能造成影响,电连接器安装(包括方盘安装和气密螺母安装),应对其安装接触面进行填角密封,且安装板前后两面都需要进行密封。 相似文献
109.
随着海洋石油勘探开发的迅速发展,海上溢油事故屡有发生。针对我国现行管理体制设计上的弊端,提出了在构建海洋石油勘探开发溢油危机防控管理体系的实践中,必须着力健全完善溢油事故宏观防控、溢油问题科技保障、溢油风险预测评估、溢油危机应急处置4个方面工作机制的对策。 相似文献
110.
以赤潮微藻米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)和塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)为受试对象,对一株芽孢杆菌WZ01所产的生物絮凝剂去除赤潮微藻的性能进行了研究。结果表明:芽孢杆菌WZ01所产生物絮凝剂对人工培养的米氏凯伦藻和塔玛亚历山大藻藻液均有去除能力,适宜的絮凝剂质量浓度为40.0~60.0 mg/L,絮凝时间为90~120 min,pH=7.5~8.5,在20~40℃范围内生物絮凝剂对2种微藻的絮凝率无显著区别;Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)浓度对生物絮凝剂去除2种微藻有一定影响,适宜浓度为4.0~6.0 mmol/L;适宜条件下生物絮凝剂对人工培养的米氏凯伦藻和塔玛亚历山大藻藻液的絮凝率均超过80.0%。研究表明,芽孢杆菌WZ01所产的生物絮凝剂在去除赤潮微藻方面有应用潜力。 相似文献