Characteristics of air particulate matter and their sources inurban and rural area of Beijing, China

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｒｅｉｓａｇｒｏｗｉｎｇａｗａｒｅｎｅｓｓｔｏｔｈｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｏｆａｉｒｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｉｎｍａｊｏｒｃｉｔｅｓ.Ａｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｈａｖｅｓｈｏｗｎｔｈａｔｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｃｅｒｔａｉｎｔｒａｃｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｉｎｔｈｅｕｒｂａｎａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｅｌｅｖａｔｅｄｂｙ ｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎ ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ ,ｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｅｓｔｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｃｏｎｔ…     

次级燃料还原燃烧产物内NOx的动力学特性研究

提出了在燃煤电站锅炉炉膛内添加次级燃料建立ＮＯｘ的还原区，以控制ＮＯｘ的排放，建立了描述ＮＯｘ还原动态过程的数学模型和化学动力学模型，对计算值和实测值作了比较分析。     

Chemical characteristics of cloudwater over Maoer Mountain district

Samples of cloudwater, rainwater and ambient aerosol were collected over Maoer Mountain in the northeast of Guangxi Province in March 1988. The pH value of cloudwater ranged from 3.37 to 6.20 with a mean value of 4.34. SO42- , NO3- , NH4+, Ca2+ and H+ were the principal ionic species of cloudwater. The advance of cold fronts into Maoer Mountain appeared to lead to higher major ionic concentration and acidity than that of warm fronts. The relative acidity and concentration of NO3- of cloudwater were much greater than that of aerosol samples. With the exception of. NO3- and H+, most of the concentration of SO42- and NH4+ in cloudwater came from the nucleation scavenging of aerosol. Gaseous nitric acid and organic acid from local may be one of the important source of cloudwater acidity. Compared with other sites, Maoer Mountain can be as a clean contrast station for studying acidic precipitation in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces.     

华中地区吸收性气溶胶时空分布特征及类型研究

利用2005-2019年OMI-OMAERUV L2气溶胶数据集，研究了近15年华中地区吸收性气溶胶指数（UVAI）的时空分布特征和主导气溶胶类型，探究下垫面变化和人为及气象因素的影响.结果表明：1在时间分布上，华中地区UVAI的年际变化整体呈波动上升趋势；2005-2008年UVAI波动下降，2009-2013年逐年增加并于2013年达到近15年来的最高值（0.767），2014-2019年逐年下降.2在空间分布上，UVAI整体由华中南部向北部递增，豫东平原、南阳盆地及武汉、长沙附近的城市群为高值区；UVAI的稳定性整体呈现“北低-南次之-中部高”的分布格局.3从季节变化来看，冬>春>秋>夏，冬季大部分区域由高值覆盖，夏季全境低值；气温、降水和UVAI均呈显著负相关；结合风场和压场进一步分析发现，加强源、较差的大气扩散条件和弱降水使冬季呈现大范围高值，夏季充沛雨水的冲刷作用叠加良好的大气扩散条件使得UVAI在夏季全境低值；气温、降水和大气扩散条件是导致UVAI呈明显季节性变化的重要环境因子.4一氧化碳指数（COI）与UVAI的季均和年均空间分布一致且随季节同步变化，冬季UVAI高值区域的COI值>2.8；华中地区的吸收性气溶胶为碳质主导.52005-2018年林地、湿地和水域面积分别增长21.1%、67.9%、2.3%，扩大了环境容量，提高了污染物的代谢速度；城市及建设用地面积增长14.3%，致使该类排放源逐年加强；UVAI与人口增长率和第一、二产业的增加值均呈显著正相关，结合大气排放清单分析，工业源、居民源、农业源为人为因素中的主导因素.     

Effects of cultivation on N2O emission and seasonal quantitative variations of related microbes in a temperate grassland soil

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｎｉｔｒｏｕｓｏｘｉｄｅ (Ｎ2 Ｏ)ｉｓａｖｅｒｙｒａｄｉｏａｃｔｉｖｅｌｙａｃｔｉｖｅｇｒｅｅｎｈｏｕｓｅｇａｓ,ａｌｓｏｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｄｅｐｌｅｔｉｏｎｏｆｏｚｏｎｅｌａｙｅｒｏｆｓｔｒａｔｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ .ＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＮ2 Ｏｍａｉｎｌｙｏｒｉｇｉｎａｔｅｄｆｒｏｍｎｉｔｒｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｄｅｎｉｔｒｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｅｒｒｅｓｔｒｉａｌｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ.Ｇｒａｓｓｌａｎｄｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ ,ａｃｃｏｕｎ…     

Nitrogen cycling of atmosphere-plant-soft system in the typical Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland in the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China

The nitrogen(N)distribution and cycling of atmosphere-plant-soil system in the typical meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland (TMCW)and marsh meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland(MMCW)in the Sanjiang plain were studied by a compartment model.The results showed that the N wet deposition amount was 0.757 gN/(m~2.a),and total inorganic N(TIN)was the main body (0.640 gN/(m~2.a)).The ammonia volatilization amounts of TMCW and MMCW soils in growing season were 0.635 and 0.687 gN/m~2, and the denitrification gaseous lost amounts were 0.617 and 0.405 gN/m~2,respectively.In plant subsystem,the N was mainly stored in root and litter.Soil organic N was the main N storage of the two plant-soil systems and the proportions of it were 93.98% and 92.16%, respectively.The calculation results of N turnovers among compartments of TMCW and MMCW showed that the uptake amounts of root were 23.02 and 28.18 gN/(m~2.a)and the values of aboveground were 11.31 and 6.08 gN/(m~2.a),the re-translocation amounts from aboveground to root were 5.96 and 2.70 gN/(m~2.a),the translocation amounts from aboveground living body to litter were 5.35 and 3.38 gN/(m~2.a),the translocation amounts from litter to soil were larger than 1.55 and 3.01 gN/(m~2.a),the translocation amounts from root to soil were 14.90 and 13.17 gN/(m~2.a),and the soil(0-15 cm)N net mineralization amounts were 1.94 and 0.55 gN/(m~2.a), respectively.The study of N balance indicated that the two plant-soil systems might be situated in the status of lacking N,and the status might induce the degradation of C.angustifolia wetland.     

生物脱氮研究的新进展——全程自养脱氮工艺

介绍了生物脱氮研究的最新进展———全程自养脱氮工艺,并全面、系统地论述和分析了全程自养脱氮工艺的机理、自养脱氮工艺实现方式及其特点与技术关键,并指出了今后应着重研究的几个方面。     

两种方法监测近岸大气NOX浓度的比较

分别用常规法和离子色谱法对近岸海域大气ＮＯＸ 进行同步监测，并对两方法间的相关性和测定结果的换算进行了研究。结果表明： 两者呈极显著的正相关，相关系数达０－８３５（ｎ＝ ９） ，其测定结果是可换算的。为此，建立了采用离子色谱法测定气溶胶ＮＯ－３ 浓度预测近岸大气ＮＯＸ 浓度的方法。     

降雨──产流过程与氮、磷流失特征研究

以于桥水库流域为例,通过人工降雨模拟实验与天然降雨径流过程监测,对所获主要营养盐物质──氮、磷的监测数据进行归纳、分析、验证,得出氮、磷随径流过程的输出特征,变化趋势、共性与差异,以及主要影响因子对氮、磷流失的影响过程与原因分析,为水体富营养化的防治研究提供依据．     

环状扩散管-分级采样器的建立和细粒子酸性的测定

建立了国内第一台扩散管－分级采样器，用来研究大气气胶溶胶的组成和细粒子的酸性，实验证明该采样系统能够有效地避免大气中的碱性物质对颗粒物采样的干扰。在北京，湖南等地进行了现场实验，测定了气溶胶的酸性。