The Silent Mass Extinction of Insect Herbivores in Biodiversity Hotspots

Abstract: Habitat loss is silently leading numerous insects to extinction. Conservation efforts, however, have not been designed specifically to protect these organisms, despite their ecological and evolutionary significance. On the basis of species–host area equations, parameterized with data from the literature and interviews with botanical experts, I estimated the number of specialized plant‐feeding insects (i.e., monophages) that live in 34 biodiversity hotspots and the number committed to extinction because of habitat loss. I estimated that 795,971–1,602,423 monophagous insect species live in biodiversity hotspots on 150,371 endemic plant species, which is 5.3–10.6 monophages per plant species. I calculated that 213,830–547,500 monophagous species are committed to extinction in biodiversity hotspots because of reduction of the geographic range size of their endemic hosts. I provided rankings of biodiversity hotspots on the basis of estimated richness of monophagous insects and on estimated number of extinctions of monophagous species. Extinction rates were predicted to be higher in biodiversity hotspots located along strong environmental gradients and on archipelagos, where high spatial turnover of monophagous species along the geographic distribution of their endemic plants is likely. The results strongly support the overall strategy of selecting priority conservation areas worldwide primarily on the basis of richness of endemic plants. To face the global decline of insect herbivores, one must expand the coverage of the network of protected areas and improve the richness of native plants on private lands.     

天津市环境空气铅污染特征及变化趋势研究

详细分析了2001-2010年天津市环境空气中铅污染变化趋势,找出了变化趋势的源排放因素及气象因素,探讨了铅污染水平与PM10、TSP、降尘(灰尘自然沉降量)、大气污染源烟尘排放量的相关性.     

低温下强化水芹浮床对农村污水的深度处理研究

在低温条件下,利用强化水芹浮床对生物净化槽处理后的崇明岛农村生活污水进行深度处理.研究结果表明,水芹在浮床内保持着较好的生长状态,是一种优越的低温条件下浮床植物;强化水芹浮床由纤维填料和水芹交替分布组合而成,提高了浮床内的微生物浓度,强化了浮床对污染物质的降解作用,从而使其对有机质、氮、磷及悬浮物保持着较好的净化效果,平均出水浓度COD≤40 mg/L,NH4+-N≤10 mg/L,TN≤15 mg/L,TP≤1.0 mg/L.     

厌氧氨氧化菌与其他细菌之间的协同竞争关系

随着污水脱氮行业的蓬勃发展,各种新工艺、新理论层出不穷.厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)工艺以其独特的优点脱颖而出,成为最具应用前景的新工艺.厌氧氨氧化菌作为该过程的执行者目前已发现5属17种,本文主要对5属17种的厌氧氨氧化菌进行总结,并对厌氧氨氧化菌种内关系中的群体感应系统进行详细介绍,此外还介绍了厌氧氨氧化菌与硝化菌、反硝化菌以及厌氧甲烷氧化菌之间的协同与竞争关系.最后给出常见竞争因素对厌氧氨氧化种群结构的影响,通过控制竞争因素来实现对厌氧氨氧化种群结构的调节.本文将厌氧氨氧化菌微生物生态学与厌氧氨氧化污水处理工艺相结合,为厌氧氨氧化工艺在污水生物处理中的应用提供理论依据.     

邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物正辛醇-水分配系数的QSPR研究

采用PM3算法计算邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(PAEs)的量子化学参数,应用偏最小二乘(PLS)算法建立了PAEs的正辛醇-水分配系数(K_OW)的定量结构-性质相关(QSPR)模型.模型的结果表明,用量子化学参数建立的QSPR模型相关性显著,具有较好的稳健性和预测能力,因此,利用该模型可对其他PAEs分子的lgK_OW值进行初步预测.模型的结果表明,影响lgK_OW的主要量子化学参数是分子总能量TE、相对分子质量M_r、平均分子极化率α和分子生成热ΔH_f.lgK_OW随着M_r和α的增大而增大,随着TE和ΔH_f的增大而减小.     

论人地关系变化对湖北省自然灾害的影响

人口增长及其引发的人地关系失调导致并加重了一系列自然灾害.人地关系恶化致使湖北省“灾种增多、频率加快、灾情趋重“.因此,湖北省的防灾减灾工作,不仅要重视水利工程、生态工程等减灾措施的作用,更要重视人地关系变化对自然灾害的影响,从调整人地关系入手,进行生态减压,从而达到从根本上防灾减灾的目的.     

The Importance of Contexts in Strategies of Environmental Organizations with Regard to Climate Change

2 problem, which brought the issue into the energy debate, as well as the more general definition of the problem in the late 1980s as a greenhouse problem, were very important for determining the strategies of the organizations. It can be concluded that strategies of Dutch environmental organizations with regard to climate change were strongly dependent on the context.     

对劳务、施工等外委单位安全管理工作的法律思考

分析了企业与外委单位的安全工作关系,明确了依法协调管理的依据和主要工作内容,对依法规避管理风险进行了探讨.     

呼吸性煤尘与尘肺的剂量-反应关系分析

分析6个煤矿3082名煤尘接尘工人,其中包括51名尘肺患者接尘资料,首先通过比例换算法,按总煤尘EIC/TWA为1.5、总煤尘TWA/呼吸性煤尘TWA为3.82,将总煤尘EIC转换为呼吸性煤尘TWA;再用寿命表法分析累计接尘量与尘肺发病的剂量-反应关系,得到回归方程logit=5.714lgd-18.902(r=0.939),采用区间估计法,得接尘30年尘肺累计发病率为1%时,呼吸性煤尘TWA为6.52mg/m3,对估算结果取1.2的安全系数,呼吸性煤尘接触浓度管理限值为5mg/m3。     

Variation in Sensitivity of Aquatic Species to Toxicants: Practical Consequences for Effect Assessment of Chemical Substances

5 –10⁶ times higher compared with less sensitive species. The use of assessment factors in effect assessment procedures may lead to an underestimation of effects on the more sensitive species. For many priority pollutants there is little information on their ecotoxicity. Predictive techniques are needed to compensate for this lack of data. Knowledge of the relation between modes of action of compounds and interspecies variation in sensitivity should be integrated in risk assessment procedures in order to make more efficient use of the limited financial resources available.