Initial results from a multi-institutional collaboration to monitor harmful algal blooms in South Carolina

The rapid rate of development in the South Carolina (SC) coastal zone has heightened public concern for the condition of the state's estuaries, and alerted scientists to the potential that novel and adverse effects on estuarine ecosystems may result. Although well-developed databases from long-term monitoring programs exist for many variables valuable in predicting and following system responses, information on phytoplankton distributions in SC estuaries has lagged. Knowledge of the dynamical relationship between environmental (e.g., nutrient quantity and quality) and biological (e.g., grazing) regulation, and phytoplankton biomass and composition is critical to understanding estuarine susceptibility to eutrophication or harmful algal blooms (HABs). Recently, SC scientists from federal, state, and academic institutions established a collaborative monitoring program to assess HAB distribution and ecology statewide. The South Carolina Harmful Algal Bloom Program includes: a) intensive temporal monitoring at areas of known HAB occurrence or those exhibiting symptoms potentially related to HABs (e.g., prevalent fish lesions), b) extensive spatial monitoring in coordination with existing statewide efforts, c) a citizen volunteer monitoring network, d) nutrient response bioassays, and e) laboratory-based physiological experiments on HAB isolates. By combining trip-wire surveillance and rapid response systems, routine monitoring of environmental parameters and HAB distribution, and process-oriented studies examining the physiological functioning of HAB species, an enhanced understanding of the impact and environmental control of HABs in SC estuaries will be achieved. The application of this approach to studies on the distribution and physiological ecology of a new widespread SC red tide, and to the discovery of several potentially toxic blooms (including Pfiesteria) in SC holding ponds, are described.     

大宁河水华期间叶绿素a变化及环境因子相关分析

以大宁河2011年5月水华敏感期的调查数据为基础,运用数理统计分析方法,分析叶绿素a浓度的变化,以及与TP、PH、DO、SD等环境因子的相互关系。结果表明大宁河水华期间叶绿素a存在明显的时间变化,与TP的变化趋势存在明显的一致性。叶绿素a的对数与总磷的对数呈显著正相关,与透明度的对数呈显著负相关,叶绿素a与PH、DO呈显著正相关。     

浮游植物半定量活检法在蓝藻预警监测中的应用

通过夏季太湖梅梁湾监测点位浮游植物的定性和定量研究,提出了半定量活检的蓝藻预警监测方法.半定量活检法不但能够及时、准确地确定蓝藻水华种类,而且通过与鲁哥氏液固定法的比对实验,在确定水华优势种和优势度方面也具有较好的可靠性.     

Seasonal dynamics of water bloom-forming Microcystis morphospecies and the associated extracellular microcystin concentrations in large, shallow, eutrophic Dianchi Lake

The increasing occurrence of Microcystis blooms is of great concern to public health and ecosystem due to the potential hepatotoxic microcystins （MCs） produced by these colonial cyanobacteria. In order to interpret the relationships between variations of Microcyst/s morphospedes and extracellular MC concentrations, the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton community composition, MC concentrations, and environmental parameters were monitored monthly from August, 2009 to July, 2010. The results indicated that Microcystis dominated total phytoplankton abundance from May to December （96%--99% of total biovolume）, with toxic Microcystis viridis and non-toxic Microcystis wesenbergii dominating after July （constituting 65%- 95% of the Microcystis population）, followed by M. viridis as the sole dominant species from November to January （49%--93%）. Correlation analysis revealed that water temperature and nutrient were the most important variables accounting for the occurrence ofM. wesenbergii, while the dominance ofM. viridis was related with nitrite and nitrate. The relatively low content of MCs was explained by the association with a large proportion of M. viriclis and M. wesenbergii, small colony size of Microcystis populations, and low water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen. The extracellular MC （mean of 0.5 ± 0.2 μg/L） of water samples analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） demonstrated the low concentrations of MC in Dianchi Lake which implied the low potential risk for human health in the basin. The survey provides the first whole lake study of the occurrence and seasonal variability of Microcyst/s population and     

长江口邻近海域赤潮水体浮游植物光吸收特性分析

根据2013年8月对长江口邻近海域赤潮水体浮游植物优势物种及光吸收特性进行调查,在34个调查站位中,共10个站位发生赤潮,其中,6个站位发生硅藻赤潮,3个站位发生甲藻赤潮.赤潮水体和非赤潮水体浮游植物吸收系数变化很大,440 nm处吸收系数范围分别为0.199~0.832 m-1和0.012~0.109 m-1;而比吸收系数变化相对较小,440 nm处比吸收系数在赤潮和非赤潮水体的平均值分别为0.023 m2·mg-1和0.035 m2·mg-1.从赤潮水体向非赤潮水体过渡,大粒径浮游植物所占比例减小,小粒径浮游植物所占比例上升,打包效应减小,因而比吸收系数升高.浮游植物粒径指数的变化对440 nm和675nm处的比吸收系数变化的贡献可分别达到43%和25%.不同类型赤潮(如硅藻和甲藻赤潮)在浮游植物粒级结构接近的情况下吸收光谱仍具有明显差异,这是色素组成不同的结果.甲藻赤潮中硅甲藻黄素和叶绿素c2的浓度之和与叶绿素a浓度的比值大于硅藻赤潮,是甲藻在465 nm附近出现吸收肩峰的重要原因.     

基于宏条形码技术的白洋淀水华藻类识别及其驱动因子分析

浮游藻类是引起水华暴发的主要原因.为筛选潜在水华藻类,评估白洋淀水华风险区域,于2020年8月对白洋淀373点位展开浮游藻类调查.利用宏条形码技术分析,解析水华藻类群落组成,同时采用显微镜计数法统计藻密度.根据总藻密度对白洋淀不同区域的水华程度进行评估,同时进一步针对水华藻类群落,耦合淀区水质条件,探究白洋淀不同区域水华藻类群落空间差异驱动因子,以甄别影响水华藻类群落结构关键环境因子.结果表明,95%以上采样区域无水华风险(藻类密度<2×10⁶个·L^-1),仅5个样点存在轻微水华风险.但水华藻类群落分析共检测到了90种水华藻类,其中优势水华藻种有20种,隶属于以绿藻门、蓝藻门和裸藻门为主.水华藻类群落结构在不同区域上具有显著空间异质性(P<0.05).关键驱动因子解析结果表明,总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)和氨氮(NH⁺₄-N)是造成水华藻类群落结构差异的关键因子.其中,门水平上,蓝藻门水华藻类与以上关键因子显著正相关;种水平上,硅藻门和绿藻门水华藻类与关键因子响应更显著.因此,水华藻类群落...     

三峡库区澎溪河河段间水华程度差异及其机制

三峡大坝蓄水以来,库区50%一级支流水华频发,且不同支流水华高发断面的地理位置不同,受干流影响程度存在差异.为探讨水华暴发的河段差异,及其与长江回水的关系,以库区一级支流澎溪河为例,在2019年春季水华季,进行了间隔期一周、总时长一个月的采样,从河口至上游设置7个采样断面(PX1～PX7),根据各断面的垂向水温和电导率特征推断长江回水的影响范围和形式;并通过对水华高发的高阳平湖断面(PX5)和分别距其4 km的上游断面(PX6)和下游断面(PX4)的水文、水质和底泥营养盐等指标,探究断面间水华暴发程度的差异及其机制.结果表明,水华季澎溪河下游(PX1～PX4)的ρ(Chl-a)较低,为14.55～44.00μg·L^-1,上游(PX5～PX7)则达到42.66～175.40μg·L^-1,其中PX5的ρ(Chl-a)最高时达413.00μg·L^-1,显著高于其余位点(P<0.05).温度和电导率结果显示,4～5月长江干流回水从中下层潜入澎溪河,下游(PX1～PX4)处于长江干流回水与澎溪河上游来水的交汇区域,水体不稳定...     

秦皇岛近海有害藻华发生特征及防治对策研究简

秦皇岛近海有害藻华主要由微型及微微型藻类引起,产生的主要原因为水体营养盐,其发生时间主要集中在5～9月。结合秦皇岛地域特色,提出有害藻华的防控及应急治理需从政策、法律、机制、预案及方法等几个方面着手,建立科学的预防体系及有效的应急体系。     

基于qPCR和16S rDNA高通量测序研究蓝藻暴发期间太湖竺山湾水体浮游细菌群落

为了探究浮游细菌和蓝藻暴发之间的关系,利用实时荧光定量PCR和高通量测序技术,对夏季蓝藻暴发期间太湖竺山湾表层水和底泥中浮游细菌群落结构和多样性进行研究。结果表明,从门水平来看,水样和底泥中平均相对丰度最高的为变形菌门,放线菌门次之,此外蓝藻门也有一定的比例,可为水华暴发提供预警指示;从属水平来看,水样中的优势细菌主要为GpXI和GpIIa,底泥中为Gp6和GpIIa。     

大宁河水体营养盐状况与水华爆发之间关系分析

通过对大宁河常规监测和水华爆发期间加密监测断面的氮、磷营养盐指标统计,运用综合评价、相关性分析等方法对大宁河氮、磷营养盐分布和叶绿素a与总磷、总氮的关系进行了分析.结果显示,水华爆发期间叶绿素a与总磷、总氮呈正相关关系,总磷是大宁河水华爆发的限制因子.氮磷水平呈现从上游到入长江口逐渐递增趋势,长江回灌作用对大宁河输入部分氮、磷营养盐.