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101.
Material conversion from paper sludge ash (PSA) in NaOH solution was attempted to synthesize the adsorbent for removal of
inorganic pollutants, such as Pb2+, NH4
+ and PO4
3?? from aqueous solution. PSA of 0.5 g was added into 10 mL of 3 mol/L NaOH
solution, and then heated at 80, 120, and 160°C for 6–48 hr to obtain the product. PSA mainly composed of two crystalline phases,
gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) and anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), and amorphous phase. Hydroxysodalite (Na6Al6Si6O24 8H2O) was formed at
80°C, and anorthite dissolved, whereas gehlenite remained una ected. Katoite (Ca3Al2SiO4(OH)8) was formed over 120°C, and
hydroxycancrinite (Na8(OH)2Al6Si6O24 2H2O) was formed at 160°C, due to the dissolution of both gehlenite and anorthite. Specific
surface areas of the products were almost same and were higher than that of raw ash. Cation exchange capacities (CECs) of the products
were also higher than that of raw ash, and CEC obtained at lower temperature was higher. Removal abilities of products for Pb2+, NH4
+,
and PO4
3?? were higher than that of raw ash.With increasing reaction temperature, the removal e ciencies of Pb2+ and NH4
+ decreased
due to the decrease of CEC of the product, while removal e ciency for PO4
3?? was almost same. The concentrations of Si and Al in the
solution and the crystalline phases in the solid during the reaction explain the formation of the product phases at each temperature. 相似文献
102.
103.
一次性塑料水杯与涂层纸杯的生命周期评价与分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章对日常使用的一次性塑料水杯与纸杯的全生命周期进行综合评价,比较两者对环境与人体健康的最终影响。采用了生命周期评价的技术路线与方法进行研究,最终得出一次性PE涂层纸杯的环境影响值大于PP塑料杯的结果。分析结果可得出纸杯在材料采用、制造、能耗等方面的缺陷导致了其环境影响值偏大,而PP塑料杯虽然在资源消耗与可降解性上存在劣势,但从全生命周期的视角上来看,却相对环境影响较小。 相似文献
104.
105.
106.
《International Journal of Sustainable Engineering》2013,6(3):148-158
Recycling of post-consumer waste materials is gaining increased interest due to public awareness, legislative promotion and imposition, economic benefits and appropriate technologies being available. The present paper does not deal with municipal solid waste as such, but only with the recyclable constituents. The paper does not aim at presenting recycling process details and/or fundamental research results, but reviews the major recyclables with their reuse potential, recycling technologies used, problems, solutions and potential areas of future research and development. These target recyclables include paper and cardboard, aluminium cans, glass beverage bottles, scrap metal and steel cans, scrap tyres, batteries and household hazardous waste. The present paper sets the overall picture and deals with paper, cardboard and aluminium cans only. A second part of the paper assesses the other target recyclables. The assessment of the waste availability, the existing and currently developed recovery and recycling technologies, and the economically rewarding markets while recycling, stress the technical, economic and environmental importance of this waste management sector. The activities associated with the recovery and recycling of post-consumer wastes require a strong sustainable engineering input at all phases of the treatment, from input quality control, to the selection of the most appropriate technology and the delivery of the recyclables as readily reusable feedstock. 相似文献
107.
《International Journal of Sustainable Engineering》2013,6(5):342-352
AbstractThe objective of this research is to design an approach for selecting appropriate solutions to efficiently and productively reduce environmental pollution and water, energy and raw material consumption in a recycled paper manufacturing facility, the paper mill in Latif, Iran. To reach this goal, we develop a decision-making model using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The proposed model provides a framework for cleaner production implementation specific to the paper industry. Pairwise comparisons of the results of designed questionnaires resulted in the hierarchy model being divided into five major groups: production modification; process change; preventive maintenance; renewal; and manpower resources.These five groups include 31 sub-criteria and seven alternatives. The results showed that process change yields the highest priority among the main criteria and that industrial automation and its technology level gives the highest priority among sub-criteria. Regarding the alternatives, reduction of environmental pollution is the most important solution for cleaner production in the industry. Also, product modification is the most sensitive criterion affecting the alternatives priority. 相似文献
108.
采用酶底物法和多管发酵法及快速纸片法,比对分析了分组环境水样中的大肠菌群,采用无菌水和标准菌种ATCC 25922(大肠埃希菌)标准菌种检验3种方法的假阳性率与假阴性率,结果表明,固定底物酶底物法与多管发酵法用于水中粪大肠菌群(耐热大肠菌群)检测结果具有一致性。 相似文献
109.
110.
造纸业是与国民经济和社会发展关系密切并具有可持续发展特点的重要基础原材料产业.为了解中国造纸业资源消耗及环境污染变化趋势,基于经济系统造纸业物质流分析(EW-MFA)方法原理,建立了中国造纸业物质代谢分析模型,定量分析2005~2017年中国造纸业物质输入/输出、代谢强度和循环利用率等演化特征.结果表明,2005~2017年中国造纸业的物质输入与输出总体呈下降趋势,水的贡献占比高达90%以上.近年来,随着造纸业原料结构的不断优化,非木材制浆的比例从42%下降至13%,主要被废纸制浆为主,木材制浆为辅的方式所取代,单位纸产品的资源消耗量得以大幅降低.2017年吨纸及纸板直接物质输入为26 t,较2005年的79 t下降了67%,其中新鲜水消耗量下降了约69%.水资源循环利用率大幅上升,2017年水循环率高达77%.目前,纸及纸板的生产越来越依赖于国内废纸和进口木材的投入,两者占比分别由2005年的21%和9%上升至2017年的60%和31%.然而,国内废纸回收率仍处于较低水平,需通过加强回收体系建设、提高居民回收意识等措施以缓解限制废纸进口造成的原料供应紧缺. 相似文献