煤渣填料固定化菌膜处理餐厅污水

以煤渣为填料,采用人工筛选优势菌挂膜固定化技术和直流式供水送风形式,对酒家、宾馆的餐厅污水进行生物接触氧化处理,COD和BOD的去除率可>90％,处理后排放水质可稳定达到COD≤100mg·1~(-1),BOD≤30mg·1~(-1),SS≤30mg·1~(-1),NH_3—N≤15mg·1~(-1)。推广应用结果表明,具有显著的经济效益和环境效益。     

利用味精废水生产饲料蛋白的研究

以溜曲霉为出发菌株 ,通过筛选 7种生物质添加剂对利用味精废水液体发酵生产饲料蛋白进行了可行性研究。优化后的发酵配方组成为 :孢子接种量 1.8× 10 8、苹果渣 4%、Na2 HPO4 0 .1g/L、KH2 PO4 0 .0 5 g/L ,其余是味精废水 ,产物的粗蛋白含量达 33%。实验结果表明 ,利用味精厂高浓度有机废水发酵溜曲霉生产饲料蛋白 ,在有效处理废水的同时亦可生产有经济价值的产品。     

一种新型复合球填料在低浓度污水再生回用中的应用研究

新型复合球填料为沸石与悬浮球填料的有机组合体,密度约为0.92～0.97g/cm3,比表面积为711～1185m2/m3,表面粗糙,物化性能稳定.在曝气量为20∶1,停留时间为6 h时,装有新型复合球填料的反应柱挂膜容易,成膜时间短,膜不易脱落,且生物相丰富.膜成熟时对生活污水中的氨氮和COD都有很好的去除效果,出水氨氮浓度≤2 mg/L,去除率≥93%;出水COD浓度≤22 mg/L,去除率≥80%.新型复合球反应柱在稳定状态处理低浓度的二级出水时,出水氨氮浓度≤2 mg/L,去除率≥89%,出水COD浓度为10～36 mg/L,去除率为48%～81%.出水水质符合GB50335-2002标准.     

Cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic action of HSP70 stress protein in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to residual dilutions of insecticides with fipronil and ethiprole

Abstract

The objective of this research was to investigate the potential damage caused by the residual concentrations of the insecticides Regent^® WS 800 and Curbix^® SC 200, containing fipronil and ethiprole, respectively as active ingredients, on the liver of Oreochromis niloticus. The analyses of HSP70 shock protein labelling and cell death process by TUNEL method were performed in order to measure the effects of the exposure of cell repair system of fish to both insecticides. Statistical analyses showed no significant molecular damage to the hepatic tissue of animals. Nevertheless, variations in HSP70 and DNA fragmentation levels, endpoint of cell repair system response and cellular death, respectively, were observed in several groups. These results indicate that the cell repair machinery was efficient when in contact with residual concentrations of insecticides. However, the DNA fragmentation detected by the TUNEL method suggests that even in face of the cytoprotective action of the HSP70 protein, there are damages that become irreparable. To finish, it is worth mentioning that given the results obtained from residual concentrations, use in the field should be with caution.     

Increasing the microbial activity in activated sludge by the phenomenon of 'biological resonance

Mechanical oscillations as well as electrical oscillations (e.g. in an electrical oscillatory circuit) can lead to resonance conditions by external agitation with the natural frequency of the system. During the microbial protein synthesis, the induction and repression mechanisms also cause oscillations in the form of varying protein concentrations. The aim of this work concentrates on an induced resonance case of the biological system, comparable with physical resonance phenomena, by external periodic stimulations. For this, system theoretical computer simulations with a structured genetic model were carried out, which built the theoretical fundament for describing the effect of 'Biological Resonance'. Based on that, lab-scale experiments using a mixed microbial culture (activated sludge) and skimmed milk as an inducing substrate revealed an enhanced microbial productivity of around 60%-75% compared to values of the productivity under steady-state conditions in a narrow range of process parameters. The optimum (resonance case) was confirmed by a repetition of the variation experiments and is characterised by a substrate supply period of approx. 18 min and a following starvation period of about 9 min. Long-term investigations under optimised process conditions indicate adaptation mechanisms of the microorganisms to evade the imposed stress conditions. The productivity will not remain constant without additional stimulation and declines to its original level. However, temporal modulation of the starvation period permanently increases the productivity (elevated catabolism) to about 60%, which was observed over a period of several weeks.     

高含固污泥厌氧消化中蛋白质转化规律

采用剩余污泥在含固率(total solid,TS)为12%条件下进行中温(37℃)厌氧消化,通过分析厌氧消化前后污泥蛋白质组分的变化情况,研究了高含固污泥厌氧消化中蛋白质的转化规律,探讨了高含固条件下污泥蛋白质转化效率较低的原因.结果表明,经过45 d的厌氧消化处理,污泥蛋白质的转化率为34.26%.污泥蛋白质转化效率较低的原因主要表现在:(1)高含固条件下污泥的传质较差;同时,污泥蛋白质经水解过程形成大量的氨氮,反应结束后污泥总氨氮(total ammonia nitrogen,TAN)质量浓度达到1 201 mg·L~(-1),导致对厌氧消化过程,尤其对蛋白质的分解表现出一定的抑制作用;(2)三维荧光光谱(three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy,3D-EEM)分析表明,部分蛋白质向腐殖质类、富里酸类物质转化,从而更难分解;(3)通过二维电泳(two-dimensional electrophoresis,2-DE)-质谱(mass spectrometry,MS)分析发现,厌氧消化后污泥蛋白质的相对分子质量和等电点(isoelectric point,p I)降低;最终,污泥中残留的大部分蛋白质来源于微生物体内.由于微生物代谢能力随着厌氧消化过程的进行而减弱,难以继续利用这些蛋白质,或消化体系中不具备分解这些蛋白质的酶,从而限制了污泥中蛋白质的分解效率.     

蛋白泡沫灭火剂及其组分的生物降解试验

采用呼吸计量法考察蛋白泡沫灭火剂组分对其降解性的影响,明确几种国内典型蛋白泡沫灭火剂的生物降解性能。20 d快速生物降解试验结果表明:水解蛋白浓缩液易于生物降解,防腐剂苯酚的添加不会抑制蛋白泡沫灭火剂的生物降解,泡沫稳定剂硫酸亚铁则会对蛋白泡沫灭火剂的生物降解有所影响;6种市售典型蛋白泡沫灭火剂的20 d生物降解率均超过60%,抗溶型蛋白泡沫灭火剂的生物降解性普遍较高;国内蛋白泡沫灭火剂产品的20 d生物降解率远高于国外同类产品,在生物降解性能方面比国外同类产品更具有优势。     

填充床快速启动厌氧氨氧化反应器及其脱氮性能研究

以城市污水厂二沉池污泥为种泥,以悬浮填料填充床生物膜反应器为厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)反应器,采用高负荷培养法和好氧预挂膜低负荷培养法分别培养与富集厌氧氨氧化菌,并研究其脱氮性能.结果表明,好氧预挂膜低负荷培养法可以在较短时间内(90 d左右)快速启动厌氧氨氧化反应器,稳定期反应器出水氨氮和亚硝氮保持稳定,去除率均接近100%,总氮去除率在75%以上,高负荷培养法因高浓度氨氮和亚硝氮的抑制作用而启动失败(190d).启动过程中pH变化表明,厌氧氨氧化反应器出水pH略高于进水,pH值可用作厌氧氨氧化反应器启动进程的指示参数.上流式厌氧填充床ANAMMOX反应器具有高负荷和高效率的优点,当反应器进水氨氮和亚硝氮浓度低于800 mg/L时,其去除率几乎达100%,低于国家一级标准.     

水源地藻类及藻毒素同时去除的效果及机制分析

利用组合载体对太湖梅梁湾水源地水体中藻类及藻毒素的同时去除试验表明:检测水源地水体中藻量、Chl-a、TMC的含量各为(31.67～78.27)×106个.L-1、32.58～102.67μg·L-1、1.79～11.97μg·L-1.在水力停留时间为7d、组合载体的密度为13.1%的条件下,组合载体AP对藻量的平均去除率达到了59.78%,对Chl-a的平均去除率达到了80.82%,对TMC-LR、TMC-RR、EMC-LR、EMC-RR的降解率最高能达到99.73%、97.10%、100%、75.44%.对其去除机制的研究表明,组合载体AP对总细菌的富集能力达到了8.3×1011～35.6×1011cells.g-1,比湖水本底值中细菌的总数高出了8～9个数量级.对除藻及藻毒素过程中的优势菌种,经过培养、分离,考察其形态、生理生化特性,利用聚合酶链反应(PCR)、16S rRNA序列分析技术,经鉴定确认该优势菌株为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)和芽孢杆菌(Bacillussp.).组合载体AP上富集的大量微生物,它们的协同降解作用是去除藻及藻毒素的主要作用机制.