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11.
采用K2S2O8/NaHSO3引发丙烯酰胺溶液聚合,探讨了抗交联剂甲酸钠对聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的粘均分子量及絮凝性能的影响。研究结果表明:以K2S2O8/NaHSO3为引发剂,反应温度20℃,引发剂用量为0.5‰,丙烯酰胺单体浓度40%,抗交联剂用量为5ppm时,可获得最高粘均分子量达1.9×107的聚丙烯酰胺。絮凝实验结果表明:当抗交联剂用量为15ppm时,所合成的PAM的絮凝效果最好,上层液体的透光度可达95%以上。 相似文献
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Degradation of Polyethylene Designed for Agricultural Purposes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pierre?Feuilloley Guy?César Ludovic?Benguigui Yves?GrohensEmail author Isabelle?Pillin Hilaire?Bewa Sandra?Lefaux Mounia?Jamal 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2005,13(4):349-355
For many years now, scientific articles have been published on the potential biodegradability of polyethylene. Polyethylene (PE) with peroxidant additives, in the form of agricultural films, is sold by various suppliers as biodegradable mulch. Even though, the photo-chemical and thermal degradation of these products under artificial laboratory conditions is highlighted, several extrapolation on the biodegradation and, moreover, on the neutral environmental impact of PE are made. In this study, three different commercial mulch films have been submitted to standardised biodegradation tests and the results are discussed. The first conclusions are that a very low degree of biodegradation of the commercial PE films is achieved from these tests and that crosslinked PE micro-fragments are found in soil after a very long period of time. 相似文献
13.
采用AM1方法计算了环境致癌物1,3-丁二烯(BD)的代谢产物1,2-环氧-3,4-丁烯(EB)和1,2,3,4-二环氧丁烷(DEB)与DNA腺嘌呤和胞嘧啶烷化反应过程速率控制步骤的活化能,以及DEB在DNA大沟侧与不同序列DNA片断生成烷化股间横向交联产物的结构和能量.结论认为:用烷化反应的难易程度难以解释DEB的致突性比EB约大100倍的实验事实;强致突的DEB可与碱基发生2次烷化反应,生成DNA交联产物;而EB则不能交联,这可能为2者基因毒性差异巨大的分子机制;同时DEB在DNA大沟侧可与多种不同的DNA序列发生股间横向交联,对比在小沟侧只与2种序列交联,此发生股间横交联几率的差异合理地解释了DEB致突的碱基选择性 相似文献
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改性γ-聚谷氨酸络合重金属离子性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了不同控制条件(温度、Pb2+浓度、pH)对交联改性γ-聚合谷氨酸(γ-PGA)吸附重金属离子所形成的絮凝颗粒性质的影响,对于治理水中重金属污染的相关研究有一定参考价值。实验表明,C-L-γ-PGA絮凝吸附Pb2+的最佳温度段在30℃附近。随着交联度的增加,不同的Pb2+浓度影响絮凝颗粒的大小,当处于较低浓度时,静电引力成为影响絮凝颗粒粒径最主要的因素,当Pb2+浓度增加到一定程度时,重金属的吸附量成为絮凝颗粒的粒径的决定因素。溶液pH达到7附近时,能够形成粒径最大的絮凝颗粒,并出现了最大的Pb2+去除率。C-L-γ-PGA对其他重金属离子也有类似的吸附絮凝作用,且絮凝吸附强弱顺序为Cu2+>Cr3+>Pb2+>Hg2+。吸附絮凝颗粒的粒径反映了重金属被吸附之后分离的难易程度,因此研究不同条件对絮凝颗粒粒径的影响对重金属离子的吸附和去除有重要意义。 相似文献
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铝盐混凝剂去除水溶液中HPAM的机理研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文在聚合物采油污水混凝试验研究的基础上,研究了铝盐混凝剂去除水中聚丙烯酰胺的过程与机理,通过分析铝盐作用下HPAM水溶液的水质组成变化,以及反应沉淀物的形态结构,提出了HPAM在羟基铝离子作用下的交联反应模式,并研究了铝盐的形态对HPAM去除的影响。为混凝技术在油田聚合物采油污水处理上的应用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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不同交联度PP-g-4VP离子交换纤维的制备及对水溶液中铬离子吸附的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过控制交联剂(DVB)及单体(4-VP)浓度等工艺,研制了不同交联度的聚丙烯接枝4乙烯基吡啶离子交换纤维(PP-g-4VP),旨在改善纤维的结构及其再生吸附和重复使用性能。实验结果表明,随着DVB含量增大,纤维的接枝率下降,交联度增加,而吸水率下降。所制的PP-g-4VP和PP-g-4VP-季铵盐纤维对Cr~(6+)静态吸附量大,分别达约6.5mmol/g和4mmol/g。交联度低时,纤维对Cr~(6+)吸附速度越快,穿透点前流出液浓度较低。纤维吸附Cr~(6+)后用1N NH_3·H_2O能完全洗脱,再生吸附性能良好。 相似文献
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The effect of the spin-trap α-phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone (PBN) on the formation of fatty acid dimers induced by the anoxic microsomal metabolism of tetrachloromethane was investigated in vitro, in particular, with respect to cross-linking of arachidonic acid with a second one (C20–C20) and of arachidonic acid with docosahexaenoic acid (C20–C22). PBN exerted no effect on anaerobic tetrachloromethane metabolism but inhibited dimer formation, half-maximally at a concentration of 0.1 mmol L?1. Trichloromethyl octadecenoic acid was also found, but at levels 10-fold lower than the fatty acid dimers. The data suggest that the hepato-protective effect of PBN against tetrachloromethane-toxicity may be due to its ability to scavenge fatty acid radicals, resulting in stable, non-reactive entities, which do not undergo secondary reactions such as cross-linking. The data confirm and extend previous findings that crosslinking plays an important role in tetrachloromethane toxicity and similar cases of metabolic radical-induced toxicity. 相似文献
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通过正交设计,以COD去除率为考核指标对固定化载体聚乙烯醇(PVA)、海藻酸钠(SA)与活性污泥的配比进行参数优化;使用硫酸钠、硝酸钠、磷酸钠为交联剂对固定化颗粒进行二次交联改性,研究其污水处理效果,探究在不同温度和pH值条件下固定化活性污泥对生活污水的处理效果及其稳定性。结果表明,固定化活性污泥对生活污水中的COD、NH4+-N、TP处理效果优于普通活性污泥,且固定化活性污泥颗粒运行稳定,20 d仍有较好的污水处理效果;正交试验结果显示,固定化活性污泥的适宜固定化载体浓度及污泥配比为质量分数8%聚乙烯醇(PVA)、2%海藻酸钠(SA)、质量分数50%活性污泥(普通活性污泥与包埋剂质量比1∶1)。经过二次交联的固定化活性污泥提高了污水处理效果,硫酸钠作为二次交联剂效果最好,污水中COD、NH4+-N和TP的去除率达93.5%、92.3%、78.0%;经固定化后活性污泥对温度和pH值的适应范围变宽,在温度低于4℃高于40℃、pH≤5和pH≥9仍然有较好的处理效果,去除效果均比普通活性污泥提高10%以上。 相似文献
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Meri Suhartini H. Mitomo F. Yoshii N. Nagasawa T. Kume 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2001,9(4):163-171
Three kinds of poly(butylene succinate)s (PBS) with different molecular weight were irradiated with electron beams in the presence of inorganic material. Fourteen kinds of inorganic materials were used in this work. The presence of inorganic material inside cross-linked PBS samples enhances the yield of gel formation. The heat stabilities of PBS samples were checked; it was found that silicon dioxide and carbon black significantly improve these properties. Enzymatic and soil burial tests were performed; the presence of these inorganic materials in cross-linked PBS accelerates the rate of biodegradation. 相似文献